Non-extremal D3-brane Research Articles

Note on acoustic black holes from black D3-brane

Black D3-branes are known to admit an effective hydrodynamic description when low frequency and long wavelength perturbations are introduced into the system. We use this perturbed nonextremal black D3-brane as background metric to study the emergence of acoustic black holes, following the same holographic approach in constructing the acoustic black hole in asymptotically Anti-de-Sitter (AAdS) background spacetime. We show that the acoustic black hole which appears on the timelike cutoff surface in the nonextremal black D3-brane also admits a holographic dual description. The duality includes the dynamical connection between the acoustic black hole and the bulk gravity, a universal equation relating the Hawking-like temperature and the real Hawking temperature, and a phonon/scalar channel quasi-normal mode correspondence.

Effective hydrodynamics of black D3-branes

The long-wavelength effective field theory of world-volume fluctuations of black D3-branes is shown to be a hydrodynamical system to leading order in a gradient expansion. We study the system on a fiducial `cutoff' surface: the fluctuating geometry imprints its dynamics on the surface via an induced stress tensor whose conservation encapsulates the hydrodynamical description. For a generic non-extremal D3-brane, as we move our cutoff surface from the asymptotically flat near-boundary region to the near-horizon region, this hydrodynamical system interpolates between a non-conformal relativistic fluid and a non-relativistic incompressible fluid. We also consider the dependence on the deviation from extremality of the D3-branes. In the near-extremal case we recover the description in terms of a conformal relativistic fluid encountered in the AdS/CFT context. We argue that this system allows us therefore to explore the various connections that have hitherto been suggested relating the dynamics of gravitational systems and fluid dynamics. In particular, we go on to show that the blackfold effective field theory approach allows us to capture this hydrodynamical behaviour and moreover subsumes the constructions encountered in the fluid/gravity correspondence and the black hole membrane paradigm, providing thereby a universal language to explore the effective dynamics of black branes.

Nonrelativistic D3-brane in the presence of higher derivative corrections

Using ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}3}$ terms of type IIB supergravity action we study higher order corrections to the nonrelativistic nonextremal D3-brane. Utilizing the corrected solution we evaluate corrections to temperature, entropy, and shear viscosity. We also compute the $\ensuremath{\eta}/s$ ratio which although within the range of validity of the supergravity approximation and in the lowest order of the correction the universal bound is respected, there is a possibility for a violation of the bound when higher terms in the expansion are taken into account.

String junctions in curved backgrounds, their stability and dyon interactions in SYM

We provide a systematic construction of string junctions in curved backgrounds which are relevant in computing, within the gauge/gravity correspondence, the interaction energy of heavy dyons, notably of quark–monopole pairs, in strongly coupled SYM theories. To isolate the configurations of physical interest we examine their stability under small fluctuations and prove several general statements. We present all details, in several examples, involving non-extremal and multicenter D3-brane backgrounds as well as the Rindler space. We show that a string junction could be perturbatively stable even in branches that are not energetically the most favorable ones. We present a mechanical analog of this phenomenon.

Absorption cross section of smearedD3-brane on a circle

The evaluation of the absorption cross section of a massless scalar field propagating on a non-extremal black D3-brane smeared on a circle is considered. The solution to the scalar field equation of motion at high temperature is obtained in terms of the parameters λ = 3ω/4πT and k, which denote the frequency and the momentum along the circle respectively while T denotes the temperature of the black brane. Based on a perturbative scheme, higher order temperature corrections to the scalar absorption cross section are computed. Further, interesting analogies with the cross section of known black branes solutions are discussed.

Black holes with varying flux: a numerical approach

We present a numerical study of type IIB supergravity solutions with varying Ramond-Ramond flux. We construct solutions that have a regular horizon and contain nontrivial five- and three-form fluxes. These solutions are holographically dual to the deconfined phase of confining field theories at finite temperature. As a calibration of the numerical method we first numerically reproduce various analytically known solutions including singular and regular nonextremal D3 branes, the Klebanov-Tseytlin solution and its singular nonextremal generalization. The horizon of the solutions we construct is of the precise form of nonextremal D3 branes. In the asymptotic region far away from the horizon we observe a logarithmic behavior similar to that of the Klebanov-Tseytlin solution.

Thermodynamics of the Script N = 2* flow

We discuss the thermodynamics of the N=2*, SU(N) gauge theory at large 't Hooft coupling. The tool we use is the non-extremal deformation of the supergravity solution of Pilch and Warner (PW) [hep-th/0004063], dual to N=4, SU(N) gauge theory softly broken to N=2. We construct the exact non-extremal solution in five-dimensional gauged supergravity and further uplift it to ten dimensions. Turning to the thermodynamics, we analytically compute the leading correction in m/T to the free energy of the non-extremal D3 branes due to the PW mass deformation, and find that it is positive. We also demonstrate that the mass deformation of the non-extremal D3 brane geometry induces a temperature dependent gaugino condensate. We find that the standard procedure of extracting the N=2* gauge theory thermodynamic quantities from the dual supergravity leads to a violation of the first law of thermodynamics. We speculate on a possible resolution of this paradox.

Phases of braneworlds and spinning D3-branes

A spinning non-extremal D3-brane undergoes a phase transition to a naked singularity which, from the braneworld point of view, corresponds to the apparent graviton speed passing from subluminal to superluminal. We discuss the relevance of the thermodynamic stability domains of a spinning D3-brane to the physics of braneworld scenarios. We also describe various gravitational Lorentz violations which arise from static D3-branes.

Universality classes for horizon instabilities

We introduce a notion of universality classes for the Gregory-Laflamme instability and determine, in the supergravity approximation, the stability of a variety of solutions, including the non-extremal D3-brane, M2-brane, and M5-brane. These three non-dilatonic branes cross over from instability to stability at a certain non-extremal mass. Numerical analysis suggests that the wavelength of the shortest unstable mode diverges as one approaches the cross-over point from above, with a simple critical exponent which is the same in all three cases.

Baryons and flux tubes in confining gauge theories from brane actions

We study baryon configurations in large N non-supersymmetric SU( N) gauge theories, applying the AdS/CFT correspondence. Using the D5-brane world-volume theory in the near-horizon geometry of non-extremal D3-branes, we find embeddings which describe baryonic states in three-dimensional QCD. In particular, we construct solutions corresponding to a baryon made of N quarks, and study what happens when some fraction v of the total number of quarks are bodily moved to a large spatial separation from the others. The individual clumps of quarks are represented by Born-Infeld string tubes obtained from a D5-brane whose spatial section has topology R × S 4 . They are connected by a confining color flux tube, described by a portion of the fivebrane that runs very close and parallel to the horizon. We find that this flux tube has a tension with a non-trivial v-dependence (not previously obtained by other methods). A similar picture is presented for the four-dimensional case.

Free energy of N = 4 super Yang-Mills in Higgs phase and non-extremal D3-brane interactions

We study the free energy of N = 4 super Yang-Mills theory in the Higgs phase with a mass scale M corresponding to non-zero v.e.v. of the scalar fields. At zero temperature this theory describes a system of parallel separated extremal D3-branes. Non-zero temperature corresponds to non-extremality in supergravity description. We interpret the supergravity interaction potential between a non-extremal D3-brane and a D3-brane probe as contribution of massive states to the free energy of the N → ∞ SYM theory at strong 't Hooft coupling ( λ = 2 Ng YM 2 ⪢ 1). Both low ( M ⪢ T) and high ( T ⪢ M) temperature regimes are considered. For low temperature we find that the structure of terms that appear in the free energy at strong and weak coupling is the same. The analysis of the high-temperature regime depends on a careful identification of the scalar field v.e.v. in terms of the distance between branes in the supergravity description and again predicts strong-coupling terms similar to those found in the weak-coupling N = 4 SYM theory. We consider also the corrections to the strong-coupling results by taking into account the leading α′ 3 R 4 string contribution to the supergravity effective action. This gives rise to the λ −3 2 corrections in the coefficient functions of λ which multiply different terms in free energy.