Nonexistence Of Type Research Articles

Nonexistence of Type II Blowup for Heat Equation with Exponential Nonlinearity

This paper deals with the blowup behavior of the radially symmetric solution of the nonlinear heat equation ut = Δu + eu in ℝN. The authors show the nonexistence of type II blowup under radial symmetric case in the lower supercritical range 3 ≤ N ≤ 9, and give a sufficient condition for the occurrence of type I blowup. The result extends that of Fila and Pulkkinen (2008) in a finite ball to the whole space.

Hyper-Lagrangian submanifolds of Hyperkähler manifolds and mean curvature flow

In this article, we define a new class of middle dimensional submanifolds of a Hyperkähler manifold which contains the class of complex Lagrangian submanifolds, and show that this larger class is invariant under the mean curvature flow. Along the flow, the complex phase map satisfies the generalized harmonic map heat equation. It is also related to the mean curvature vector via a first order differential equation. Moreover, we proved a result on nonexistence of Type I singularity.

Oligoadenylate Synthetase/Protein Kinase R Pathways and αβ TCR+ T Cells Are Required for Adenovirus Vector: IFN-γ Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 in Cornea

An adenoviral (Ad) vector containing the murine IFN-gamma transgene (Ad:IFN-gamma) was evaluated for its capacity to inhibit HSV-1. To measure effectiveness, viral titers were analyzed in cornea and trigeminal ganglia (TG) during acute ocular HSV-1 infection. Ad:IFN-gamma potently suppressed HSV-1 replication in a dose-dependent fashion, requiring IFN-gamma receptor. Moreover, Ad:IFN-gamma was effective when delivered -72 and -24 h before infection as well as 24 h postinfection. Associated with antiviral opposition, TG from Ad:IFN-gamma-transduced mice harbored fewer T cells. Also related to T cell involvement, Ad:IFN-gamma was effective but attenuated in TG from alphabeta TCR-deficient mice. In corneas, alphabeta TCR(+) T cells were obligatory for protection against viral multiplication. Type I IFN involvement amid antiviral efficacy of Ad:IFN-gamma was further investigated because types I and II IFN pathways have synergistic anti-HSV-1 activity. Ad:IFN-gamma inhibited viral reproduction in corneas and TG from alphabeta IFNR-deficient (CD118(-/-)) mice, although viral titers were 2- to 3-fold higher in cornea and TG compared with wild-type mice. The absence of IFN-stimulated antiviral proteins, 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetase/RNase L, and dsRNA-dependent protein kinase R completely eliminated the antiviral effectiveness of Ad:IFN-gamma. Collectively, the results demonstrate the following: 1) nonexistence of type I IFN receptor does not abolish defense of Ad:IFN-gamma against HSV-1; 2) antiviral pathways oligoadenylate synthetase-RNase L and protein kinase R are mandatory; and 3) alphabeta TCR(+) T cells are compulsory for Ad:IFN-gamma effectiveness against HSV-1 in cornea but not in TG.

Terminology of blood groups.

The discovery of new blood-group systems by British investigators has served to accentuate the problem of nomenclature of blood groups. A satisfactory scientific nomenclature is possible only when reliable and adequate information is available. For example, when the M-N types were discovered by Landsteiner and Levine, the following tentative designations for the types were adopted: M + N —, M + N + and M —N+. As soon as the mechanism of heredity of the M-N types was established, and the nonexistence of type M —N— was demon-