Nonenzymatic Amperometric Biosensor Research Articles

Non-enzymatic amperometric biosensor with anchored Ni nanoparticles for urinary glucose quantification

In a one-step approach, Nickel nanoparticles of <200 nm in diameter were electrodeposited on the surface of laser-induced graphene using the chronoamperometry technique to develop a sensitive, flexible nonenzymatic sensor for detecting glucose in urine. The prepared sensor prototype exhibited remarkable catalytic activity toward the glucose oxidation with a response time of <3 s, sensitivity of 5796.18 μAmM−1 cm−2, a linear range of 12 μM-1.5 mM, and a detection limit of 0.0152 μM. It detected glucose in human urine samples with high reliability of 98.5 % and showed excellent anti-interference ability for glucose sensing. This prototype can form the basis for wearable sensors to detect glucose in a range of concentrations because of the developed sensor's excellent performance, durability, and lifespan.

Green and low-cost synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene-like mesoporous nanosheets from the biomass waste of okara for the amperometric detection of vitamin C in real samples

In this work, the low-cost nitrogen-doped graphene-like mesoporous nanosheets (N-GMNs) was synthesized from the biomass waste of okara for the first time for the construction of a nonenzymatic amperometric vitamin C biosensor. The N-GMNs modified glassy carbon electrode (N-GMNs/GCE) shows much lower overpotential for the electrooxidation of vitamin C comparing to the traditional GCE as well as the GCE modified by carbon nanotubes (CNTs/GCE), indicating the promising of N-GMNs/GCE for the sensitive and selective nonenzymatic amperometric vitamin C biosensing. As a nonenzymatic amperometric biosensor for vitamin C, the N-GMNs/GCE shows a higher sensitivity (144.65 μA mM−1 cm−2), a wider linear range (10–5640 μmol L−1) and a lower detection limit (0.51 μmol L−1) than GCE, CNTs/GCE or some of recently reported nanomaterials-based electrochemical vitamin C biosensors. Especially, the vitamin C concentration in real samples of commercial beverage, vitamin C injection and commercial juice can be determined by the proposed N-GMNs/GCE with satisfied results. Therefore, the utilization of okara as the raw material for the synthesis of nanostructured carbon of N-GMNs is a green method to fabricate an advanced and low-cost electrode material for developing the nonenzymatic electrochemical biosensor for vitamin C detection.

Nanoporous Carbon Nanofibers Decorated with Platinum Nanoparticles for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing of H₂O₂.

We describe the preparation of nanoporous carbon nanofibers (CNFs) decorated with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) in this work by electrospining polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers and subsequent carbonization and binding of PtNPs. The fabricated nanoporous CNF-PtNP hybrids were further utilized to modify glass carbon electrodes and used for the non-enzymatic amperometric biosensor for the highly sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The morphologies of the fabricated nanoporous CNF-PtNP hybrids were observed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and their structure was further investigated with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectrum. The cyclic voltammetry experiments indicate that CNF-PtNP modified electrodes have high electrocatalytic activity toward H2O2 and the chronoamperometry measurements illustrate that the fabricated biosensor has a high sensitivity for detecting H2O2. We anticipate that the strategies utilized in this work will not only guide the further design and fabrication of functional nanofiber-based biomaterials and nanodevices, but also extend the potential applications in energy storage, cytology, and tissue engineering.

Ferritin-mediated biomimetic synthesis of bimetallic Au–Ag nanoparticles on graphene nanosheets for electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide

We demonstrated a biomimetic green synthesis of bimetallic Au – Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on graphene nanosheets (GNs). The spherical protein, ferritin ( Fr ), was bound onto GNs and served as the template for the synthesis of GN / Au – Ag nanohybrids. The created GN / Au – Ag nanohybrids were further utilized to fabricate a non-enzymatic amperometric biosensor for the sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide ( H 2 O 2), and this biosensor displayed high performances to determine H 2 O 2 with a detection limit of 20.0 × 10-6 M and a linear detection range from 2.0 μM to 7.0 mM.

Electrospun doping of carbon nanotubes and platinum nanoparticles into the β-phase polyvinylidene difluoride nanofibrous membrane for biosensor and catalysis applications.

A novel β-phase polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous membrane decorated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) was fabricated by an improved electrospinning technique. The morphology of the fabricated PVDF-MWCNT-PtNP nanofibrous membrane was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the formation of high β-phase in the hybrid nanofibrous membrane was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The uniform dispersion of MWCNTs and PtNPs in the PVDF hybrid nanofibrous membrane and their interaction were explored by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. For the first time, we utilized this created PVDF-MWCNT-PtNP nanofibrous membrane for biosensor and catalysis applications. The nonenzymatic amperometric biosensor with highly stable and sensitive, and selective detection of both H2O2 and glucose was successfully fabricated based on the electrospun PVDF-MWCNT-PtNP nanofibrous membrane. In addition, the catalysis of the hybrid nanofibrous membrane for oxygen reduction reaction was tested, and a good catalysis performance was found. We anticipate that the strategies utilized in this work will not only guide the further design of functional nanofiber-based biomaterials and biodevices but also extend the potential applications in energy storage, cytology, and tissue engineering.

Collagen Nanofiber-templated Silver Nanowires on Graphene Nanosheets for a Nonenzymatic Amperometric Biosensor of Hydrogen Peroxide

Abstract A nonenzymatic amperometric biosensor for sensitive detection of H2O2 has been successfully fabricated by using silver nanowires (AgNWs) supported on graphene nanosheets (GNs). The AgNWs were created through using a collagen-mediated biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles on collagen nanofibers (Col-NFs). The electrode modified with the synthesized GN–AgNW nanohybrids displayed high electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of H2O2.

One-pot green synthesis, characterizations, and biosensor application of self-assembled reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle hybrid membranes.

We report here a facile one-pot green synthesis method to prepare a self-assembled membrane of reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle (RGO-AuNP) nanohybrids at a liquid-air interface. The obtained sandwich-like multilayer RGO-AuNP hybrid membranes were characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy, and the obtained results prove that GO and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) were synchronously reduced by glucose successfully. In addition, the experimental data indicate that the self-assembly and formation of RGO-AuNP hybrid membranes are mainly governed by the Brownian motion and electrostatic interaction between RGO and AuNPs, and the encapsulation of AuNPs in the hybrid membrane can be easily adjusted by changing the concentration of HAuCl4. The created functional semi-transparent RGO-AuNP hybrid membranes are very stable in various organic and inorganic solvents, and can be used to fabricate a novel nonenzymatic amperometric biosensor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The fabricated H2O2 biosensor reveals a wide linear range from 0.25 to 22.5 mM, low detection limit of 6.2 μM (S/N = 3), high selectivity, and long-term stability. It is expected that this one-pot green method for fabricating sandwich-like multilayer hybrid functional membranes has broad applications in biosensing, catalysis, and energy storage.

Fabrication, characterization and sensor application of electrospun polyurethane nanofibers filled with carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles.

We reported here the electrospinning preparation of polyurethane nanofibers filled with carbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles (PU-MWCNT-AgNP) and the subsequent fabrication of a novel non-enzymatic amperometric biosensor for analytical determination of hydrogen peroxide. The morphologies of the as-spun PU-MWCNT-AgNP hybrid nanofibers were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The interaction between MWCNTs and AgNPs in the electrospun nanofibers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The cyclic voltammetry experiments indicate that PU-MWCNT-AgNP nanofiber modified electrodes have high electrocatalytic activity on hydrogen peroxide, and the chronoamperometry measurements illustrate that this electrospun sensor has high sensitivity for detecting hydrogen peroxide. Our study further confirms the remarkable synergistic effect of MWCNTs and AgNPs on the significant improvement of the conductivity of electrospun nanofibers and the electrocatalytic activity, as well as the sensitivity of the fabricated non-enzymatic sensor. Under an optimal experimental condition, the created biosensor for detecting hydrogen peroxide has a sensitivity of 160.6 μA mM-1 cm-2, a wide linear range from 0.5 to 30 mM and a detection limit of 18.6 μM (S/N = 3), which indicates that this novel and simple strategy for fabricating electrochemical sensor by an electrospinning technique has wide potential applications in bio-analysis and detection.