Nonelectrolyte Solutions Research Articles

Evaluation of Learning Media Creation Based on Results of Computational Chemistry Calculations Visualised

The objective of this study is to determine the outcomes of the requirements analysis and learning materials for electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials. Additionally, learning materials will be developed utilising computational chemical calculations and visualisation of the results to create learning media based on the National Education Standards Agency (BSNP) requirements. This kind of study uses the ADDIE development model and is referred to as development research. There are five steps in the current ADDIE model: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The entire student body of one of the senior high schools in Padangsidempuan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia, served as the study's population. The participants in this research were senior high school students from Padangsidempuan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The use of a purposive sampling technique yields grade X as the research sample. An inquiry form derived from the National Education Standards Agency was used as the research tool. Utilising a significance level of 5%, the data analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22 for Windows software. The investigation's findings demonstrate the need for educational materials to help pupils struggling with learning. Based on 95% validation findings, the learning materials for both electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions visualise the outcomes of computational chemical calculations.

Diffusiophoresis in Polymer and Nanoparticle Gradients.

Diffusiophoresis is the movement of the colloidal particles in response to a concentration gradient and can be observed for both electrolyte (e.g., salt) and nonelectrolyte (e.g., glucose) solutes. Here, we investigated the diffusiophoretic behavior of polystyrene (PS-carboxylate surface) microparticles in nonadsorbing charged and uncharged solute gradients [sodium polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and nanoscale colloidal silica (SiO2)] using a dead-end channel setup. We compared the diffusiophoretic motion in these gradient types with each other and to the case of using a monovalent salt gradient. In each of the nonadsorbing gradient systems (NaPSS, PEG, and SiO2 nanoparticles), the PS particles migrated toward the lower solute concentration. The exclusion distance values (from the initial position) of particles were recorded within the dead-end channel, and it was found that an increase in solute concentration increases exclusion from the main channel. In the polyelectrolyte case, the motion of PS microparticles was reduced by the addition of a background salt due to reduced electrostatic interaction, whereas it remained constant when using the neutral polymer. Particle diffusiophoresis in gradients of polyelectrolytes (charged macromolecules) is quite similar to the behavior when using a PEG gradient (uncharged macromolecule) in the presence of a background electrolyte. Moreover, we observed PS microparticles under different concentrations and molecular weights of PEG gradients. By combining the simulations, we estimated the exclusion length, which was previously proposed to be the order of the polymer radius. Furthermore, the movement of PS microparticles was analyzed in the gradient of silica nanoparticles. The exclusion distance was higher in silica nanoparticle gradients compared to similar-size PEG gradients because silica nanoparticles are charged. The diffusiophoretic transport of the PS microparticles could be simulated by considering the interaction between the PS microparticles and silica nanoparticles.

Development of E-Worksheet Oriented Guided Inquiry using Liveworksheet on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Materials

Development of E-Worksheet Oriented Guided Inquiry using Liveworksheet on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Materials

Using Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) Online Learning Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic caused students’ learning activities to be less visible. This study aimed to analyze students’ learning activities through the application of the Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) learning system during classes about electrolyte and nonelectrolyte solution materials. Implementation of online learning was conducted through Zoom Meetings and WhatsApp Groups, as well as using videos. This study used a descriptive method with research subjects, 31 students of grade X, IPA MA Al-Badriyah Sukabumi. Data was collected through observation sheets and student worksheets (LKS). Based on the analysis of the data, the average percentage of student activity during online learning was 97.9%, with a very good criterion. Thus, the application of POE learning online can show students learning activities very well.
 Keywords: application, online learning, electrolyte, nonelectrolyte

The Effect of E-Module on Activity and Learning Outcomes on Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

This research aims to determine activities, learning outcomes and the correlation between activities and student learning outcomes taught using the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model assisted by e-modules for class X SMA on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The population in this study were students of class This research uses test and non-test instruments in the form of student learning activity observation sheets which have been tested and are valid. The data obtained were tested for normality and homogeneity. Based on the results of data processing that has been analyzed, there are learning outcome values tcount = 9.714 and ttable = 1.66, the activity obtained is tcount = 6.069 and ttable = 1.66. Where tcount>ttable shows that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected, so it can be concluded that there is an influence of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) learning model assisted by e-modules for class X SMA on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The correlation test was carried out to determine the significant correlation between activities and student learning outcomes. The research results show that rcount > rtable (0.929 > 0.329) so H0 is rejected. Thus, there is a significant correlation between activities and student learning outcomes assisted by e-modules for class X SMA on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions.

Validity of Student Worksheets Based on Multiple Representations of Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Materials

Multiple representations can facilitate the understanding of abstract chemical concepts. Multiple representations can be incorporated into teaching materials, such as Student Worksheets, to create Multiple Representation-based Student Worksheets. This study aims to analyze the validity of Student Worksheets based on multiple representations of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The research utilized the Research and Development (R&D) model with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development stages, reaching the development stage in this study. Data were obtained from material expert and media expert validators. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the validity results. The Student Worksheets based on multiple representations of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials achieved an average validity percentage of 84.37% from material experts and 95% from media experts, categorizing them as very valid. These worksheets, focusing on the validity aspect, are effective in assisting students in understanding chemical concepts.

Hyponatremia in the Context of Liver Disease.

Hyponatremia is common in patients with liver disease and is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, and a reduced quality of life. In liver transplantation, the inclusion of hyponatremia in organ allocation scores has reduced waitlist mortality. Portal hypertension and the resulting lowering of the effective arterial blood volume are important pathogenetic factors, but in most patients with liver disease, hyponatremia is multifactorial. Treatment requires a multifaceted approach that tries to reduce electrolyte-free water intake, restore urinary dilution, and increase nonelectrolyte solute excretion. Albumin therapy for hyponatremia is a peculiarity of advanced liver disease. Its use appears to be increasing, while the vaptans are currently only given in selected cases. Osmotic demyelination is a special concern in patients with liver disease. Serial checks of serum sodium concentrations and urine volume monitoring are mandatory.

Towards a biomimetic cellular structure and physical morphology with liposome-encapsulated agarose sol systems

The cytoplasm, serving as the primary hub of cellular metabolism, stands as a pivotal cornerstone for the harmonious progression of life. The ideal artificial cell should not only have a biomembrane structure system similar to that of a cell and the function of carrying genetic information, but also should have an intracellular environment. In this pursuit, we employed a method involving the incorporation of glycerol into agarose, resulting in the formation of agarose-glycerol mixed sol (AGs). This dynamic sol exhibited fluidic properties at ambient temperature, closely mimicking the viscosity of authentic cytoplasm. Harnessing the electroformation technique, AGs was encapsulated within liposomes, enabling the efficient creation of artificial cells that closely resembled native cellular dimensions through meticulous parameter adjustments of the alternating current (AC) field. Subsequently, artificial cells harboring AGs were subjected to diverse electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions, enabling a comprehensive exploration of their deformation phenomena, encompassing both inward and outward budding. This study represents a significant stride forward in addressing one of the most fundamental challenges in the construction of artificial cytoplasm. It is our fervent aspiration that this work shall offer invaluable insights and guidance for future endeavors in the realm of artificial cell construction.

DESAIN DAN UJI COBA E-LKPD BERBASIS INTRODUCTION CONNECT APPLY REFLECT EXTEND (ICARE) PADA MATERI LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT DAN NON ELEKTROLIT

This research was instigated by the lack of available teaching material that was appropriate with student need—a teaching material connected the concept implementation to daily life. This research aimed at designing valid ICARE based electronic student workbook on Electrolyte and non-Electrolyte Solution lesson based on the validation by media and material experts, the teacher and student practicality tests. It was Research and Development (R&D) with Borg and Gall development design, and the steps were (1) researching and collecting information, (2) planning, (3) developing the initial form of the product, and 4) preliminary field testing, and (5) revising the product. Preliminary field testing was conducted to the eleventh-grade students of MIPA at State Senior High School located in Kampar district. The validation result by media and material experts showed that the score was 94.13% with very valid criterion. Teacher practicality test showed that the result was 93.63% with very practical category, and student practicality test showed that the result was 84.54% with very practical category.

Potential of Medicinal Plants in Pampang Village Samarinda As A Chemistry Learning Resource

This research aims to identify the potential of medicinal plants in Pampang Village, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, which can be used as a source of chemistry learning at the junior and senior high school levels. This research used a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects, namely 11 residents of Pampang Village, were determined using purposive sampling. Data analysis used interactive model analysis, and data validity is measured using data triangulation techniques. The results of the research show that there are 20 medicinal plants that the people of Pampang Village widely used and eight medicinal plants have the potential to be used as a source of chemistry learning. These medicinal plants were sambung nyawa, meniran, bajakah, betel, seri, turmeric, coconut, and tamarind eggplant. These plants related to materials separating mixtures, reaction rates, functional groups, lipids, acid and base indicators, electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions, acids and bases, chemical changes, and redox. Therefore, this can be used as a reference and consideration for chemistry teachers in the learning process. to help students understand chemistry lessons closely related to everyday life.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF STEM-BASED E-STUDENT WORKSHEETS ON ELECTROLYTE AND NON-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION MATERIAL TO IMPROVE STUDENT’S LEARNING OUTCOMES

The aim of this research is to develop STEM-based E-Student Worksheets, determine the feasibility of STEM-based E-Student Worksheets as assessed by material expert validators, learning experts, and design experts, and describe the effectiveness of STEM-based E-Student Worksheets in improving student learning outcomes in material electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. This RD using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Product trials were conducted on a small group of 30 students from a single class. Material experts, three learning experts, three design experts, and pretest and posttest results were used to collect data, which was then analyzed and described. According to the experts' feasibility assessment, three validators material experts, three learning expert validators, and three design expert validators were declared very feasible to use in the learning process with successive average scores: 81.5%, 87.78%, and 85.97% with very feasible criteria and E-Student Worksheets based STEM which is designed to be effective for improving student learning outcomes and can be used in learning, With learning outcomes, an average pretest score of 51.67 and a posttest score of 86.33 were obtained, as well as an average N-Gain of 0.72 with high interpretation and a percentage of completeness of 90%.

Analisis Pemahaman Siswa SMA Pada Materi Larutan Elektrolit Dan Non Elektrolit

It’s very important for students to be able to understand the basic concepts of chemistry and how they relate to one concept to another. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and examine the nderstanding of grade XI MA Al Rohmah students in Tasikmalaya for understanding the concept of electrolyte and non electrolyte solutions. Descriptive research methodology with a quantitative approach is used. The study involved 22 students who were taken as samples by researchers. Data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire-based test consisting of 7 multiple-choice questions with Yes/No options. The results showed that 18 students (81.81%) had the ability to understand the concept of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions very well. But there are still 4 students (18.19%) who still do not understand the basic concepts of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials. This shows that a more interactive and in-depth learning approach is needed to increase students' understanding of electrolyte and non electrolyte solution materials which include phases and chemical bonds in a compound that can affect its electrolyte properties, lamp flame tests on electrolyte and non electrolyte compounds, and the ionization process of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions to strengthen the basic concepts of student chemistry.

Physicochemical properties and anthocyanin content of commercially manufactured elderberry jams from Patagonia (Argentina)

Abstract Commercially manufactured elderberry jams elaborated in Patagonia, Argentina, were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. Water activity (a w) ranged between 0.758 and 0.972 and total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) content varied from 2.4 up to 55 mg Cy-3G/100 g jam. Relationship between a w and °Brix in jams was described using an equation for correlating water activity in non-electrolyte solutions. Elderberry jam samples were stored at 38 °C and samples periodically withdrawn for analysis. TMA degraded following first order reaction kinetics and color parameter a* decreased during storage while parameter h° increased. Water activity and presence of fructose in jams increased rate of TMA destruction and adversely affected color changes. Studies with sugar solutions containing anthocyanins confirmed TMA degradation is faster in models having reducing sugars than in the presence of sucrose. It is shown that sucrose may undergo hydrolysis during acid catalyzed storage at 38 °C and pH 3.5.

Effect of STEM Integrated Problem-Based Learning Model on Students' Critical Thinking Skills on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Materials

This study aims to study the effect of problem-based learning integrated STEM and non-STEM learning models in improving critical thinking skills and their differences of learning process. The method used is a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control design. The population of all students in class X science with non-probability sampling was 36 students each. The instruments used were observation sheets, description questions, and questionnaires. The results showed that the average percentage of STEM-integrated problem-based learning implementation was 96.00% and 93.00% without STEM, both of which showed very good results. The average critical thinking ability of students in the STEM integrated problem-based learning class is 71% and 59% without STEM, this is shown by the average value of the STEM integrated problem-based learning classes is greater than without STEM. The linear regression test using STEM integrated problem-based learning has a positive effect on critical thinking skills 2.251, t-count > t-table (3.756 > 2.032), Ho is rejected Ha is accepted, and without STEM there is no effect on critical thinking skills, with a t-count <t-table (2.016 < 2.032). The results showed that the STEM-integrated problem-based learning model had a positive effect on students' critical thinking skills on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials.

Enrichment of surface charge contributes to the stability of surface nanobubbles

Surface nanobubbles are spontaneously formed at the interface between hydrophobic surfaces and aqueous solutions, which show extraordinarily longer lifetime than that was predicted by the classical thermodynamics model. In the present work, by using a surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) to quantitatively measure the dissolution kinetics of individual surface nanobubbles in real time, we explored the effects of ionic strength and pH value on the dissolution rates (lifetime) of nanobubbles. The results revealed that nanobubbles could exist stably for a long time in low-concentration electrolyte solutions or high-concentration non-electrolyte solutions, while they dissolved quickly in high-concentration electrolyte solutions. With the increase of ionic strength, the dissolution rates were accelerated by 2–3 orders of magnitude, and thus the lifespan of these surface nanobubbles was significantly shortened. In addition to ionic strength, it was further found that, with the increase of acidity or alkalinity of the solution, the dissolution rates of the surface nanobubbles were faster than that in neutral solution. These results demonstrated that the interfacial charge enrichment significantly contributed to the extraordinary stability of the surface nanobubbles.

Development of Student Worksheets with Creative Values Through Project-Based Learning Model on Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution Material

Student worksheets give students the opportunity to participate in hands-on learning, discover strengths and learn from their mistakes. This research aims to produce student worksheets with creative values through the Project Based Learning model on electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution materials. This research is a development research, the method used in this research is the R&D (Research and Development) method with the ADDIE model modified into ADD, namely Analysis, Design and Development. The instrument in this research is a needs questionnaire, media and material expert feasibility questionnaire, teacher response questionnaire and student response questionnaire. The results showed that chemistry teachers need student worksheets with creative values through the Project Based Learning model on the material of electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. The feasibility of student worksheets was obtained at 77.08% with a feasible category, the practicality was in the very practical category with an average score of 89.50% and the attractiveness of student worksheets in the very attractive category with an average score of 89.97%. So it can be concluded that the developed creative value-loaded student worksheets is feasible to use in learning.

Conductometric, tensiometric and spectroscopic studies on the interaction of congo red with dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide: Effects of electrolyte and non-electrolyte

To investigate the interactions between congo red (CR) dye and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) surfactant in aqueous, electrolytic (MgCl2) and non-electrolytic (urea) solutions, conductometric, tensiometric and spectroscopic methods were used. Conductivity and surface tension measurements were performed to evaluate the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values of the cationic surfactant, DTAB. The change in Gibb’s energy (ΔGm0), enthalpy (ΔHm0), and entropy (ΔSm0) of micellization were also calculated. The cmc value of DTAB was found to drop in the presence of CR dye and a further decrease was noticed in the presence of MgCl2, while the values augmented when urea was present. Due to the interruption of the structured water molecules encasing the hydrophobic groups of the DTAB, the cmc values augmented with an increase in temperature. The presence of MgCl2 led to a greater degree of ionization (α) of DTAB micelles. For all of the systems under study, the values of ΔGm0and ΔHm0 were found to be negative. The -TΔSm0 values, which were noted to be higher than ΔHm0 values suggest that the gain in entropy possibly be the prime factor that governs the process of micellization. Many of the CR dye molecules were drawn into DTAB micelles as their concentrations in the system were amplified, as evidenced by the absorbance values in UV–Vis spectroscopic studies.

Classifying Hypotonic Hyponatremia by Projected Treatment Effects - A Quantitative 3-Dimensional Framework

The diagnostic algorithms currently used for hypotonic hyponatremia focus primarily on impaired urinary dilution and often neglect the influence of free water intake and solute excretion. We hypothesized that, in each case of hypotonic hyponatremia different pathophysiological mechanisms play a role simultaneously. Using clinical data of the previous observational Co-Med study, we defined each case of hypotonic hyponatremia concurrently in 3 dimensions as follows: (i) high net free water intake (HNFWI), (ii) impaired dilution of the urine (IDU), and (iii) low nonelectrolyte solute excretion (LNESE). For each dimension, a "standard delta sodium" (sdna) was calculated reflecting the expected difference to the serum sodium concentration, that would result from changing a dimension to a specific and equivalent target level. Results from 279 patients were used for this analysis. With target levels of free water intake and urine osmolality at the fifth percentile, and nonelectrolyte solute excretion at the 95th percentile, median (interquartile range) sdna values were 7.1 (4.8-10.2) for HNFWI, 11.8 (7.0-18.6) for IDU and 2.6 (1.6-4.2) mmol/l per 24 hours for LNESE. Sdna results in individual patients were highest with IDU in 68.5%, HNFWI in 30.8% and 0.7% with LNESE. At an sdna-level of at least 4mmol/l per 24 hours, the prevalence of HNFWI was 78.9%, IDU 87.1%, and LNESE 26.5%. 77.5% of patients had 2 or all 3 mechanisms present. Hyponatremia was mostly multifactorial in subgroups according to classic categories of hyponatremia and typical comorbidities as well. Hypotonic hyponatremia can be quantitatively defined by 3 dimensions. Most cases should be considered multifactorial.

USE OF COMPUTER-BASED EDUCATIONAL MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE LEARNING ABILITY OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING STUDENTS IN CHEMISTRY

This study aims to determine differences in chemistry learning outcomes taught using computer-based media compared to conventional teaching on the Subject of Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solutions. The research was conducted at Prima Indonesia University for the 2021/2022 Academic Year. The population of this study were all first- semester students consisting of two classes. A sample of 60 students, consisting of an experimental style and a control class, was given a different treatment, namely multimedia computer-based teaching with conventional media on the same subject. Based on data collection, the results obtained are that the experimental class has higher learning outcomes than the control class. Keywords: Computers, Electrolyte Solutions, Non-Electrolytes

Efektivitas Penggunaan Modul Pembelajaran Kimia Berbasis POE Materi Larutan Elektrolit dan Non Elektrolit terhadap Hasil Belajar

This study is motivated by problems related to low student learning outcomes caused by the use of learning resources that are still ineffective and the learning process is still focused on the teacher as the main learning resource. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a POE (predict, observe, explain) based chemistry learning module in electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution material on students’ learning outcomes. This was experimental research in the form of pre-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design model. The sample in this study was students of class X IPA at one of the public high schools in the Ogan Komering Ilir District, and the sampling in this study used a simple random sampling technique. The data collection technique used in this study was in the form of tests where the instruments were pre-test and post-test questions in the form of multiple choice questions. The effectiveness of the module is seen from the results of data analysis of student learning outcomes using n-gain score and t-test data analysis. Based on the analysis of the n-gain score data, an average score of 0,58 was obtained which was included in the medium category, and the hypothesis test results obtained a sig (ρ) value of 0,000 ˂ 0,05, which means H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Based on the analysis results, it was concluded that POE (predict, observe, explain) based chemistry learning module is effective for students’ learning outcomes and can be used as an alternative teaching material.