Nondivorced Parents Research Articles

Adolescents' self-concept in terms of their parents' marriage

Parental divorce can influence the way teenagers recognize themselves in forming one of their developmental tasks, namely self-concept. Adolescents with different family statuses, divorced and non-divorced, may have different views and expectations regarding themselves. The aim of this research is to determine the differences in self-concept of adolescents with divorced and non-divorced parents. A total of 106 students of SMAN 7 Makassar with an age range of 14-18 years were selected using Accidental Sampling. The measuring instrument used is the self-concept scale. The hypothesis is explained using the Mann Whitney test using SPSS 16 for Windows. The results of the study showed that there was a difference between the self-concept of adolescents with divorced parents and adolescents with non-divorced parents (p=0.00 <0.05). Adolescents with divorced parents have a mean rank of 63.42 and adolescents with non-divorced parents have a mean rank of 42.58, so it is concluded that adolescents with divorced parents have high self-concept scores.

Eating Behaviours, Oral Hygiene, and Caries in a Population of Spanish Children with Divorced Parents: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Dental caries are a public health problem that is influenced by dietary habits. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the feeding and hygiene habits that divorced parents exercise over their children compared to non-divorced parents, and how this may influence the rate of caries in their children. The data of participants (n = 174) with an average age of 12.17 ± 2.04 years were examined to assess the mean decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index, and they were asked questions about their oral hygiene habits. At the same time, their parents answered the parental feeding style questionnaire. A moderation analysis was conducted with family control of oral hygiene habit levels as an independent variable, decayed teeth as a dependent variable, and feeding control as a moderating variable. Results showed that divorced parents were found to have more problems in controlling their children's hygiene and dietary habits, have less control over their children's feeding, and make more use of instrumental feeding, which led to children of divorced parents having more caries. Despite the limitations linked to the cross-sectional design of the study and considering both the convenience sample and the impossibility of controlling for all aetiological factors linked to the development of caries, it can be concluded that children of divorced parents have an increased risk of tooth decay. However, parental controlled feeding interferes with the effect of family controlled oral hygiene habits on the decayed tooth, decreasing the rate of caries.

Peran Rasa Syukur terhadap Kebahagiaan Remaja Korban Perceraian (Studi Kasus pada SMA-IT Jaisyul Quran Boarding School Nagreg)

Having a whole family and harmony is the peace of every individual, where a child can feel the role of both parents in a family. But not very few families fail to harmonize, which is the result of an unexpected breakup. The direct consequences of divorce are emotional distress and behavioural problems, as well as the results of research on many divorces that reveal that high-risk children are experiencing psychological, social and academic development problems compared to non-divorced parents' families. In teenagers, it's a time when a person's social consciousness is going to get higher and when social pressure comes out every day, various problems can occur in teenagers, because teenagers' behavior is still not able to adapt to various demands from the environment. Until the role of the elderly is fully attained, neither happiness is fully attained by the family. The purpose of this research is to know the role of gratitude for the happiness of student SMA-IT Jaisyul Quran Nagreg who are divorced parents. The method used is a qualitative method that focuses on descriptive data. To get a proper description, writers process data by analyzing field data. where data sources come from observations and interviews and other literature related to the research theme. The results of this study show that gratitude plays an important role in bringing happiness to the adolescent victims of divorce, and that can have an impact on the lives of both social and academic students.

Association between child care environment and childhood early development

Objective: To investigate the factors related to child care environment and the association between child care environment and children's early development. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling, a total of 22 509 children newly enrolled to kindergarten from 187 kindergartens of 16 districts in Shanghai in 2017 were enrolled. A survey was conducted by parent-reported questionnaire. The index of child care environment (ICCE) and the early human capacity index were used to evaluate family child care environment and children's early development respectively. The sample was divided into four groups based on the ICCE score: the lowest family childcare environment (ICCE≤10 scores), lower middle (ICCE=11 scores), upper middle (ICCE=12 scores), and the highest (ICCE=13 scores). The linear regression model and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors related to child care environment and the association between child care environment and children's early development respectively. Results: A total of 22 067 children aged (44±7) months, including 11 425 boys (51.8%) and 10 642 girls (48.2%), participated in this study. The multnomial linear regression revealed girls, higher maternal education, higher household annual income, single-child, non-divorced parents, and early breastfeeding experience were protective factors of child care environment for children newly enrolled to kindergarten (β=0.064, 0.238, 0.119, 0.096, 0.113, and 0.032; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.020-0.108, 0.175-0.302, 0.058-0.180, 0.046-0.146, -0.012-0.242, and -0.051-0.116; all P<0.01). The multinomial Logistic regression revealed compared with the highest child care environment group, the odds ratio of children's early development risks in upper midclle, lower middle, and the lowest child care environment groups were 1.543 (95%CI: 1.373-1.735, P<0.01), 2.537 (95%CI: 2.254-2.856, P<0.01), and 4.198 (95%CI: 3.757-4.690, P<0.01), respectively. Conclusions: The child care environment is not only significantly related to family structure and socioeconomic status, but also to early breastfeeding experience. The child care environment plays an important role in promoting childhood early development.

English

This research is a descriptive study aimed at comparing the value acquisitions of children of divorced and non-divorced parents. The study consists of 57,296 children who attended pre-school education in Ankara, in 2018. Of this sample was 54 divorced families and 4-5 year-old children of the same class and of the same socio-economic level and gender, who agreed to work. In order to reveal the compatibility of the data for normal distribution in the statistical analysis, Shapiro Wilks’s test was used due to the unit of numbers. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was used in the relationships between data that did not emanate from the normal distribution. When analyzing the differences between the groups, Mann-Whitney U Test was used in cases where the variables did not come from the normal distribution. As a result of the Spearman’s correlation coefficient analysis, the relationship between total scores obtained in the forms which applied to families, teachers and children in order to determine the value levels of children in both divorced and non-divorced families, was completely positive. And the scores obtained from teacher-child forms in all children from divorced family, and non-divorced family was significant and positive. As a result of the research, according to the results from the family-child and teacher form, as regards friendship/sharing, honesty, co-operation, respect and responsibility value, the average scores of children from non-divorced families were higher than the average scores of children from divorced families. Key words: Value, values education, divorced family.

Parents’ marital status, psychological counseling and dishonest kindergarten children: An experimental study

The present paper reports the results of an experiment which studied the effects of parents’ marital status (divorced or non-divorced) and psychological counseling (administered or not) on the honesty level of kindergarten children. Data on marital status and psychological counseling was anonymously provided by the kindergarten teachers and children's level of honesty was assessed by a flip-coin task which rewarded a self-reported favorable outcome. The experiment gave rise to two major results: first, children of divorced parents are less honest than children of non-divorced parents and second, psychological counseling helps improve honesty among children of divorced parents but fails to do so among children of non-divorced parents. No gender effect was found.

Parental death in young adults with divorced compared to non-divorced parents: The effect on prolonged grief and mental health

This cross-sectional survey compares the risk of mental health problems like poor well-being, complicated and prolonged grief, and mental disorders between young adults experiencing a divorced or non-divorced parent’s death. 190 participants were recruited from Facebook via the Danish National Center for Grief. Well-being was measured using WHO-5, prolonged grief using PG-13 and complicated grief using BGQ, and common mental disorders using CMDQ. Findings confirmed deleterious effects on mental health in young adults experiencing parental death, but higher risk, when losing a divorced parent compared to a non-divorced parent, was associated to prolonged grief, complicated grief, bodily distress syndrome, and alcohol misuse.

Parental divorce is associated with an increased risk to develop mental disorders in women

BackgroundParental divorce has been associated with reduced well-being in young adults. It is, however, unclear whether this finding is clinically relevant as studies using structured clinical interviews are missing. This study, therefore, investigated if young adults with divorced parents are at risk to develop mental disorders. Furthermore, differences in parental care, social connectedness, chronic stress and traumatic experiences between children of divorced and non-divorced parents were investigated. Methods121 women (mean age: 23 years) were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I (i.e., major mental disorders) and II (i.e., personality disorders) Disorders and asked to complete questionnaires assessing parental care, social connectedness (loneliness, attachment anxiety and avoidance), chronic stress, childhood trauma and depression. ResultsYoung adults of divorced parents had a higher risk for Axis I but not Axis II disorders as compared to young adults of non-divorced parents. Participants from divorced families as compared to non-divorced families reported more depression, loneliness, childhood trauma, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, chronic stress and less paterntal care. LimitationsDue to the cross-sectional design of this study, conclusions about causality remain speculative. ConclusionThe increased vulnerability of children of divorced parents to develop mental disorders, and to experience more chronic stress, loneliness, attachment avoidance, attachment anxiety, and traumatic experiences during childhood is alarming and highlights the importance of prevention programs and psycho-education during the process of parental divorce. Parental support with regard to adequate caregiving is needed to help parents to better support their children during and after their divorce.

Comparison of Emotional Processing, Emotional Failure, and Cognitive Adjustment of Emotions in Students with Divorced and Non-Divorced Parents

Background: divorce causes emotional and psychological damages to children. On this basis, emotional processing, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment of students with divorced and non-divorced parents were compared in Isfahan city, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic causative-comparison study, all students with divorced and non-divorced parents were investigated in Isfahan. In this research, non-probability sampling method was used. In order to conduct the study, 200 middle-school students with divorced and non-divorced parents were selected (100 students had divorced and 100 had non-divorced parents).The questionnaires used in this study included emotional processing questionnaire, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment questionnaire. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that emotional processing, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment were significantly different between the two groups of students with divorced parents and non-divorced parents (P-value &lt; 0.001). Although students with divorced parents had lower scores in components of emotional processing and emotional adjustment, they had higher scores in emotional failure. Conclusion: Based on the findings, emotional processing, emotional failure, and emotional adjustment of students with divorced parents should be considered. In this regard, a suitable method of intervention is required, such as treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy and mind-consciousness to reach acceptable normal level of transformational process.

Parents' Marital Status, Psychological Counseling and Dishonest Kindergarten Children: An Experimental Study

The present paper reports the results of an experiment which studied the effects of parents' marital status (divorced or non-divorced) and psychological counseling (administered or not) on the honesty level of kindergarten children. Data on marital status and psychological counseling was anonymously provided by the kindergarten teachers and children's level of honesty was assessed by a flip-coin task which rewarded a self-reported favorable outcome. The experiment gave rise to two major results: first, children of divorced parents are less honest than children of non-divorced parents and second, psychological counseling helps improve honesty among children of divorced parents but fails to do so among children of non-divorced parents. No gender effect was found.

Resilience and rejection sensitivity mediate long-term outcomes of parental divorce.

Increasing divorce rates leave more and more children to deal with the separation of their parents. Recent research suggests that children of divorced parents more often experience psychological and physical symptoms than children of non-divorced parents. The processes that mediate the relationship between parental divorce and ill-health, however, are still elusive. This study investigated the mediating role of psychological factors such as resilience and rejection sensitivity on the long-term consequences of parental divorce in young adults. One hundred and ninety-nine participants (mean age 22.3years) completed an online survey, including measures of mental health, childhood trauma, resilience, and rejection sensitivity. Participants with divorced parents (33%) reported increased levels of psychological symptoms, childhood trauma, rejection sensitivity, and lower levels of resilience. The association between parental divorce and mental health was fully mediated by resilience, rejection sensitivity, and childhood trauma. The mediation model explained up to 44% of the total variance in mental health symptoms. Resilience and rejection sensitivity are crucial factors for successful coping with the experience of parental separation. Prevention programs that help to boost children's resilience might help to reduce the long-term effects of parental divorce on their attachment style (e.g., rejection sensitivity), thereby improving their mental health on the long run. Furthermore, the results call for parental awareness and counseling to target and reduce the observed increased level of childhood trauma. Limitations concern the cross-sectional and retrospective design of the study.

Why Requiring Parents to Pay for Postsecondary Education is Unconstituional and Bad Policy

For divorced parents, the question of who should pay for their child's college tuition is very difficult, especially when the issue was never addressed in their separation agreement. Consequently, some states allow judges the discretion to extend child support duties for noncustodial parents after considering certain factors. Such factors may lead to the requirement of parental contributions to their child's postsecondary education. While many states have amended their statutes to encompass extended child support, Pennsylvania is the only state to have found their statute unconstitutional. Based on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court decision in Curtis v. Kline, this Note argues that, in order to diminish inequalities between divorced and nondivorced parents, as well as between children of divorced and nondivorced parents, all states should amend their child support statutes to declare that no parent is obligated to pay for his/her child's postsecondary education, unless voluntarily agreed to, in writing, prior to the child entering college.

Parental Alienation Among College Students

A sample of 50 college students responded to a questionnaire measuring perceptions of alienating behaviors on the part of their parents and their current relationship with each parent. Data revealed a higher degree of alienating behavior by divorced parents when compared to non-divorced parents. Mothers and fathers were rated about equally likely to engage in such behaviors. A higher incidence of alienated parent-child relationships in divorced homes approached, but did not reach, statistical significance. Students who were alienated from one parent report higher levels of alienating behaviors on the part of their parents. The results suggest that parental alienating behaviors, and the phenomenon of a child becoming alienated from a parent after divorce, are departures from the norm and worthy of attention and concern.

Effects of parental divorce on marital commitment and confidence.

Research on the intergenerational transmission of divorce has demonstrated that compared with offspring of nondivorced parents, those of divorced parents generally have more negative attitudes toward marriage as an institution and are less optimistic about the feasibility of a long-lasting, healthy marriage. It is also possible that when entering marriage themselves, adults whose parents divorced have less personal relationship commitment to their own marriages and less confidence in their own ability to maintain a happy marriage with their spouse. However, this prediction has not been tested. In the current study, we assessed relationship commitment and relationship confidence, as well as parental divorce and retrospectively reported interparental conflict, in a sample of 265 engaged couples prior to their first marriage. Results demonstrated that women's, but not men's, parental divorce was associated with lower relationship commitment and lower relationship confidence. These effects persisted when controlling for the influence of recalled interparental conflict and premarital relationship adjustment. The current findings suggest that women whose parents divorced are more likely to enter marriage with relatively lower commitment to, and confidence in, the future of those marriages, potentially raising their risk for divorce.

저소득층 이혼가정 아동의 사회적지지 및 문제해결력이 문제행동에 미치는 영향

This study was based on resilience approach to find out elementary first, second, and third year students' differences of social support and problem solving ability defending on their family situation (low-income divorced family or normal family) by comparing their sex and age. In addition, the purpose of this study was to find out the effect of factors (social support, problem behavior, and problem solving ability) of children defending on their family situation and age. Moreover, it was aimed to find out the effect of social support and problem solving ability of low-income divorced family's children on their problem behavior. Subjects were 165 children in elementary school (grade 1, 2, and 3). For this study two groups were used for comparison. First, low-grade elementary school children with low-income divorced parents (N=87), "group D" and second, with low-income non-divorced parents (N=78) "group N". The questionnaire, picture cards, and teacher's report was used to determine social support perception, problem-solving ability, and problem behavior, respectively. Results showed that "Group D" was determined to show regarding social support, problem-solving ability, and problem behaviors worse than "group N". In conclusion, problem behaviors of "group D" were affected by social support and their problem-solving ability.

Contacts between Divorced and Non-Divorced Parents and Their Adult Children in the Netherlands: An Investment Perspective

This article addresses descriptive and explanatory research questions on the contact frequency between divorced parents and their adult children. The survey Divorce in the Netherlands 1998 has data on the contact frequency between 803 divorced respondents and 214 non-divorced parents and 2,122 non-resident children older than 18 years. The data show that divorced fathers have less contact with their adult children than fathers who did not divorce; for mothers the effects of divorce is small. To explain the lower contact frequency of fathers when compared with mothers, as well as the variation in contact frequency among divorced fathers, we use an investment perspective. We identify five investment factors: involvement in parenting during the marriage, the custody arrangement, pre- and post-divorce conflicts, alimony payments, and (not) starting a new family. About half of the effect of divorce on the contact frequency between fathers and adult children can be explained by the custody arrangement. Within the divorced, both the custody arrangement and remarriage explain the contact frequency, and the effects are equal for divorced fathers and mothers. We find only limited evidence that the involvement in parenting during the marriage, parental conflict, and the observance of alimony payment have direct effects on the contact frequency between divorced parents and their adult children.

Adolescent adjustment and well‐being: Effects of parental divorce and distress

This study investigates the long-term effects of parental divorce on adolescent psychological adjustment and well-being, and to what extent the effects are accounted for by parental psychological distress. Data were collected among 8,984 Norwegian adolescents (13-19 years) and their parents. Outcome variables were symptoms of anxiety and depression, subjective well-being, and three areas of school problems. Parental divorce was found to be associated with both higher mean levels and larger variances in adolescent problems. Divorce and parental distress contributed independently to adolescent distress, supporting the notion of "double exposure" effects. The prevalence of adolescents with substantial distress symptoms was 14% among those with non-distressed non-divorced parents and 30% among those with divorced and distressed parents. In general effects remained when controlling for demographic factors. Long-term effects of divorce on symptoms of anxiety and depression were stronger among girls than among boys.

Parental Divorce and Young Adults' Beliefs About Love

The purpose of this study was to compare collegc students from intact vs. divorced families on bcliefs and attitudes about love and romantic relationships. We examincd, with a sample of over 1,000 college students (389 males and 634 females), how thc two groups differed on attachment types (e.g., Hazan & Shaver, 1987), love styles (e.g., Hendrick & Hendrick, 1986), romantic beliefs (e.g., Sprcchcr & Metts, 1989), and the belief that love should be the basis for marriage (e.g., Kcphart, 1967). Women with divorced parents, relative to women with nondivorced parents, werc less likely to have a secure attachment style but morc likely to have an avoidant attachment style; were less pragmatic, manic and agamic in their love styles; and were less idealistic in their romantic beliefs. Only one difference was found bctwccn thc two groups for men: Men from divorced families were more erotic than men from intact families. However, follow-up analyses which included a comparison of three groups formed based on parental marriage-intact/happily marricd, intacttunhappily married, and divorced-indicated that it was the men in the intactlunhappy group who were especially low on erotic love. The follow-up analyses also indicated that thc significant diffcrcnces found for women between the intact group and the divorced group werc due to differences, more specifically, between thc intactlhappy group and the divorced group. Overall, the results of this study suggest that parental divorce does not place children at a disadvantage in the development of love and relationship beliefs conducive to relationship fonnation in adolescence and young adulthood.

Culture, Parental Conflict, Parental Marital Status, and the Subjective Well-Being of Young Adults

We examined the association between parental marital status, marital conflict, and culture (individualism-collectivism, divorce rate), and the subjective well-being of young adults. Study I assessed 2,625 men and 4,118 women from 39 countries on 6 continents. Subjective well-being was negatively associated with marital conflict among offspring of never-divorced and remarried parents. The association of marital status and the subjective well-being of offspring differed across individualism-collectivism and divorce rate. Collectivism lessens the impact of divorce after a high-conflict marriage and the impact of marital conflict when a parent remarries. Study 2 examined the association of parental marital status and conflict among 76 adopted and 87 nonadopted young adults. The negative association of divorce and of marital conflict with the life satisfaction of the offspring did not differ by adoption. The selection hypothesis was not supported. Key Words: collectivism, culture, marital conflict, marital status, selection, subjective well-being. Many investigators conclude that the young adult offspring of divorced parents experience lower general psychological well-being than individuals whose parents remain married (Glenn & Kramer, 1985; Kulka & Weingarten, 1979; for a metaanalysis, see Amato & Keith, 1991a ). This recurrent conclusion often is qualified in the following ways. Differences in well-being between adult offspring of divorced and nondivorced parents are often small (Amato & Booth, 1991; Amato & Keith, 1991a; Chase-Lansdale, Cherlin, & Kiernan, 1995), suggesting that some offspring are not adversely effected by or may even benefit from divorce. Effect sizes are weaker in studies that control for family characteristics such as parental education and occupation, indicating that some factors can ameliorate the effect of divorce. Effect sizes are weaker in more recent studies than in earlier ones (Amato & Keith, 1991a; Kulka & Weingarten, 1979), possibly because when divorce became more frequent and more acceptable, it had fewer negative effects. In addition, effect sizes are weaker for Blacks than for Whites (Amato & Keith, 1991a), suggesting that cultural or situational factors may lessen the adverse effects of divorce. Finally, effect sizes are smaller in community samples than in clinical samples, indicating that the link between divorce and adult offspring is weak in the general population. Indeed, among the 23-year-old offspring of parental divorce in a large, longitudinal study, the majority (82% of the women and 94% of the men) fell below the clinical cutoff on a measure screening for a wide range of mental health problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, phobias, obsessions; ChaseLansdale et al., 1995). Individuals whose parents experienced a low-stress divorce were not appreciably less well off than those from original families (Amato & Booth, 1991), suggesting that low marital conflict and continued parental support diminish the impact of divorce. In sum, the negative effect of divorce on the well-being of adult offspring is found consistently, but it varies in magnitude, depending on moderating variables. We examine several variables that might moderate the adverse effect of divorce: marital conflict, individualism-collectivism, the national divorce rate, and gender. We first examine whether previous findings are replicated in a large, international sample. We examine variables associated with marital conflict both among the offspring of neverdivorced parents and among offspring raised by a parent who divorced and remarried. We also compare the differences in psychological well-being of offspring raised by two parents who are frequently in conflict with offspring raised by a single, divorced parent. Most importantly, by employing a large, international sample in one study, we are able to examine two cultural variables that might lessen the impact of divorce or marital conflict or both: individualism-collectivism and the national divorce rate. …

Children of Divorce

A case-control study was done to observe the association between the parents' divorce and their children's results in school. The information was obtained from a questionnaire which was answered by the counselors of 8 public schools in Santiago, Chile. From one class of each school, 52 pupils of divorced marriages were searched. The control group of 52 pupils of non-divorced parents was chosen by selecting the name following the case on the class list. The children of divorced parents were: 37 (71%) girls, 15 (29%) boys, the average age was 11.8 ± 0. 8 years; 12 (29%) had failed the year; the average marks were 5.2 ±0.7 (range 1-7) and the average attendance was 92 ± 8 %. The controls were: 33 (63%) girls, 19 (37%) boys, the average age was 11.4 ± 0.6 years; 3 (5.7%) had failed the year; the average marks were 5.9 ± 0.5 (range 1-7); the average attendance was 94.5 ± 4.5%. The conclusion is that children of divorced marriages have 4.9 more estimated relative risk (RR) of failing year and 7.1 times more estimated relative risk of having an average mark of 5.5 or lower than children of non-divorced parents. These numbers must be observed with caution because of the small size sample and show an association but are not cause-effect.