Features Of Non-verbal Communication Research Articles

Strategies of rendering non-verbal components in multimodal constructions comprising nationally-biased lexical units (based on British political video interviews and debates)

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research exploring non-verbal components observed in modern British political texts across two video genres, particularly focusing on the rendering of nationally-biased units. The emphasis lies on the phenomenon of realization of non-verbal speechcomponents in Ukrainian translations of political discourse texts and the claim that the strategy of rendering significantly depends on the emotional pattern of the presented material, such as interviews and political debates. Each genre of the political discourse has unique parameters for conveying informationto the interlocutor. Since the communicative aim differs in each of the presented genres, an interpreter encounters challenges in grasping the gist of the main idea in the utterance. Notably, non-verbal components of a communicative act are considered as the confounding factor in choosing the appropriate strategy of source language text translation. This article also investigates features of non-verbal communication, aiming to create a novel paradigm for rendering non-verbal components. To achieve this objective, the author analyses videos of two video genres such as interviews and political debates featuring nationallymarked lexicon of Great Britain. The study concludes that the genre-specific nature of multimodal texts is the contributing factor in selecting the suitable strategy for rendering discourse as a semantic unity. Specifically, the author considers two ways of non-verbal lexical units representation including subtitling and stenographic description and suggests “The Code of Subtitling” comprising criteria of subtitles creation, namely: accuracy, timing, length and readability, punctuation and grammar, speaker identification, handling accents and dialects, capturing audience reaction, censorship and sensitivity, font style and size and localisation. It is proved that the use of non-verbal components in multimodal constructions comprising nationally-biased units poses difficulties for translators and interpreters, who are therefore required to possess skills in understanding cultural awareness, empathy and a profound knowledge of both the source and target languages.

“Write oneself into being”– Ha as an interpersonal pragmatic marker on WeChat

Abstract The pragmatic marker ha 哈 in Mandarin, has little meaning in itself; while some studies have looked into its usage in spoken discourse, we seek to address its usage and unpack its specific interpersonal pragmatic function in online, private, dyadic discourse, itself an underexplored area, and a setting in which participants are free from public scrutiny, unlike on mass social media. The results demonstrate that it can be attached to clauses and sentences to show the affect of the writer, from indicating a jocular and playful tone to softening a request. Therefore, ha is used as a way to express different types of rapport orientations and positive self-presentation. By drawing on personal WeChat messages, this paper bridges the gap by focusing on ha in technologically-mediated conversation. The expanding usage of ha also suggests a wish to create linguistic forms which can act as substitutes for non-verbal communication features.

Design principles for social exchange in social virtual reality-enabled virtual teams

AbstractSocial virtual reality (SVR) is a novel technology that can simulate and potentially enhance our face-to-face interactions. However, our understanding of interpersonal communication in SVR is still limited. To address this research gap, we describe how SVR enables social exchange (i.e., fundamental communication patterns of trust and reciprocity between individuals), which is closely related to virtual team performance. We present an information systems design theory for social exchange in SVR-enabled virtual teams (SE-SVR). Drawing from affordance theory and social exchange theory, we describe how SVR material properties (i.e., avatars, virtual objects, virtual space, and verbal and nonverbal communication features) enable and foster social exchange in SVR. As a theoretical contribution, we propose design principles for social exchange in SVR and connect them with testable theoretical propositions. Furthermore, we present the concept of interacting with presence, which facilitates users’ affordance perceptions in SVR. We conceptually validate our design principles and illustrate our design through an artifact instantiation: XR Campus, which is a minimum viable product of a collaborative platform for the ECIU University. Our SE-SVR theory has important research and practice implications because it explains how critical aspects of organizational remote communication can be considered in SVR design.

Nonverbal human behavior in the gender aspect

The article considers the gender nature of nonverbal techniques used in the communication process. The purpose of the given paper is to reveal the most important features of non-verbal communication in the gender aspects, the features of non-linguistic behavior characteristic of male and female individuals and the influence of various factors on body language, in particular culture, individual characteristics of a person, the specifics of the linguistic expression of emotions using nonverbal components of male and female communicants. Comparative analysis of the individual components of non-verbal behavior of men and women is carried out. Gender differences can also show up in non-verbal communication styles. Non-verbal communication is not limited to facial and body movements and gestures but also includes touch, space, eye contact and chronemics. Therefore, men and women speak differently because those ways are associated with their gender. In fact, inherited biological factors, socialization on how men and women are raised, and inequalities in social power have impact on gender differences. While communication women are more likely than men to use nonverbal semiotics and gestures. In general, men and women behaved differently depending on the situation. Keywords: Gender, nonverbal communication, interpretation, facial expression, stereotypes, behavior, feminine, masculine gestures, culture

Hardware and software complex for the detection and identification of informative features in images of means of nonverbal communication

Subject of study. Techniques for identifying informative features in dynamic images (video) of means of nonverbal communication of operators during a joint constructive activity were the subject of this study. Aim of study. This study aimed to develop methods for detecting and identifying significant features of nonverbal communication in the received dynamic (video) images of faces of partners, i.e., key features in the joint activity of partners upon disabling the verbal communication channel. Method. A technique for interaction was developed, with a hardware and software complex designed for identifying communication markers in images of facial expressions and eye movements of partners during a joint play activity, in which nonverbal communication is a key aspect and the speech communication channel is disabled. The joint activity involved one partner searching for a hidden target in the perceived image using a nonverbal clue from the second partner, who views the target position on his screen. Partners were chosen among representatives of two geographically distant cultures—Russian and Chinese. The interactions of the partners during their work with images of the object of activity received via simultaneous video communication in two research centers located in western and eastern Eurasia were evaluated through simultaneously recorded physiological parameters. Main results. A new algorithm for investigating images as a means of nonverbal interaction for ensuring the achievement of a shared goal without the speech communication channel was designed. The effectiveness of eye movements of the partners, which are the key features of nonverbal communication, was demonstrated during the constructive joint activity. The task was presented to Chinese and Russian test subjects in the form of English text. Based on the performed measurements, nonverbal interaction in the task of looking for the target position functions similarly for representatives of both cultures and depends on the roles of the partners and the type of executed task. The correlation between the activities of different neural networks of the brain that ensure the recognition of images during the target search in nonverbal communication was identified. An analysis of the images of eye movement during the communication isolated a classic pattern of eye capture for guided and guiding partners. Constant switching occurs between the assessment of images of partners’ eyes and the target search in the entire image. The obtained results suggest that 1) the cognitive process of recognition of facial expressions is probably the most complex visual cognitive process, and 2) universal behavioral algorithms exist when a common joint activity understandable to both partners is performed. Practical significance. A hardware and software complex for detecting significant features of nonverbal communication in the images of faces was designed. The working capacity of the proposed method for detecting features was demonstrated using clear basic signals of nonverbal communication, thus enabling new methods of training artificial neural networks to ensure intuitive nonverbal communication between machines and humans via the recognition of hidden markers of nonverbal communication.

NON-VERBAL MEANS OF COMMUNICATION AND REFLECTION OF THE SOCIAL STATUS OF OFFICIALS IN F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY'S NOVEL "IDIOT"

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the skill of Fedor M. Dostoevsky in depicting non-verbal means of communication that can reflect the social status of officials in the novel “The Idiot” by using language units. The object of study is language units that indicate the behavior of officials of different levels: high level (General Ivan Fedorovich Yepanchin), middle level (Gavrila Ardalionovich Ivolgin) and low level (Lukyan Timofeevich Lebedev). The subject of the analysis is the common and different features of non-verbal communication of these officials, which characterize the commonality and differences in their social status. An analysis of the system for describing the non-verbal means of communication of characters with the status of a government official was the result of this study. Gestures and facial expressions characterizing General Ivan Yepanchin and members of his family (primness, observance of status norms of decency, the ability to think critically, curiosity); official Gavrila Ivolgin (ambition, insincerity, impoliteness, distrust, irony, anger); official Lukyan Lebedev (subservience, flattery, intemperance, dishonesty) are established in this work. The article concludes that the description of the non-verbal behavior of the characters in a work of art is important in the explication of their social status, hiding part of the subtext information. With the help of gestures and facial expressions, the character becomes recognizable. Fedor M. Dostoevsky adapts the paraverbal means available in the communicative behavior of people to the typical and characteristic features, life position of each of his characters, his role in the work.

Features of non-verbal communication in the process of online counseling and distance learning

Interest in non-verbal behavior as the "external self of the individual", in the formation of attitudes towards a person based on the interpretation of non-verbal signals has long been present in both popular science and research papers. This concept combines a wide range of expression elements that allows you to look into the inner world of a person, understand what he feels and how to relate to the perceived information. All this emphasizes the important role of non-verbal communication in the process of interaction, and is of particular relevance in the modern world, in which many processes associated with communication and learning have switched to a remote format. In this regard, special attention deserves the difficulties that arise in the process of non-verbal communication in a remote form, or rather the limitations that are associated with the inability to access the full picture of non-verbal manifestations. These limitations are of particular importance in the process of consultative psychological work, when the psychologist is faced with the inability to see the full range of non-verbal reactions, as well as in educational activities that are carried out in an online format and involve various forms of feedback in the form of non-verbal responses. The study involved 48 university students aged 17 to 23 years old, including 28 boys and 32 girls and 20 counseling psychologists, women aged 27 to 46 years old. The following methods were used: "Personal semantic differential", the questionnaire of V. N. Labunskaya "Non-verbal characteristics of communication", a modified questionnaire "The degree of satisfaction with the components of the image", developed by V. M. Shepel, a questionnaire for psychologists ("Non-verbal communication in the process of online counseling" , compiled by A.V. Korochentseva). The study made it possible to establish on what elements of non-verbal behavior students build an idea of a teacher in the process of online learning, as well as what non-verbal difficulties psychologists face in the process of online counseling, interacting with a client.

Teachers’ Ideas about their Appearance and Features of Non-Verbal Communication with Pupils During the Distance Learning

The article is devoted to the problem of teachers’ attitude to their appearance and features of non-verbal communication with pupils, during in the distance learning. A comprehensive analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of teachers ‘ attitude to their appearance, the degree of satisfaction with various components of their appearance, such as face, body, expressive movements, is carried out. The ideas of teachers about the correspondence of their external appearance to age and professional role are described. The satisfaction with their appearance among teachers is compared depending on age. The level of reflection of teachers in relation to their external appearance and their readiness to change it are described. In addition, the article describes the results of a questionnaire aimed at identifying difficulties in non-verbal communication and interaction, between teachers, pupils and parents that arise in the conditions of remote work.

Study of the Understanding of Gestural Communication in Children with Intellectual Disabilities in the Dynamics of Psychological Impact

Objective: The purpose of the study is to investigate the specific features of non-verbal communication in children with intellectual disabilities in the dynamics of psychological impact. Background: Gestures are one of the most important components of non-verbal communication. The development of non-verbal communication in children with intellectual disabilities contributes to their normal social adaptation. Method: To study the current state and dynamics of the development of the ability to recognise and understand gestures in the process of psychological influence, factor analysis was used by the principal component method with the use of varimax rotation. To verify the applicability of factor analysis to the selected variables, the Kaiser-Meier-Olkin measure of sample adequacy and Bartlett's sphericity test were used. Results: The data of the study showed that, depending on the level of intelligence or, more precisely, on the diagnosis given to the child, there are differences in the dynamics of the development of the components of non-verbal communication. Children with mild mental retardation display lower results than children with mixed specific disorders of psychological development and children with a normative level of intellectual development. Conclusion: The results obtained in the process of this study can be applied in practice by teachers and psychologists when working with children with intellectual disabilities

Features of Non-Verbal Communication of Children with Intellectual Disabilities and Differences from their Normatively Developing Peers

Objective: The study aimed to study the specific features of non-verbal communication in children with intellectual disabilities in the dynamics of psychological impact. Background: In the 21st century, in terms of diagnostics and the implementation of psychological influences, the problem of identifying the features of the communication skills of children with intellectual disabilities becomes very significant and urgent. At present, intellectual disabilities are understood as a heterogeneous group of intellectual impairments, different in clinical manifestations, but based on the criterion of a decrease in cognitive development. A comparatively large number of works are devoted to the study of the features of the communication skills of children with intellectual disabilities. However, the research on their non-verbal communication skills is rather small. Method: The experimental research was conducted in three stages – first, the initial level of development of the abilities of recognition, naming and use of various communicative, modal and descriptive-pictorial gestures was measured. Results: After that, for ten lessons with children, the program "Lessons of non-verbal communication at school" was carried out, after which abilities were tested repeatedly. Parents and teachers were also interviewed twice. Conclusion: The study was carried out based on educational institutions outside school hours. The study involved 128 children from 6 schools in St. Petersburg. Non-verbal communication of children with mild mental retardation in comparison with normatively developing peers and with mixed specific psychological disorders is characterised by a lower level of development of cognitive, emotional-personal and behavioural components. Moreover, the most pronounced is the underdevelopment of the cognitive component, which is associated with the peculiarities of the impairment of intelligence. The study also showed that the emotional-personal and behavioural components are at a more preserved level of development in children with intellectual disabilities, which can be interpreted as the compensatory ability of the child's psyche.

Features of the Introduction in Schools of Nonverbal Communication Development Programme for Children with Intellectual Disabilities

Objective: The present study was conducted to identify the features of nonverbal communication in children. Background: Nonverbal communication is a significant aspect of interpersonal communication. American scientists have found a strong correlation between low ability to recognise facial expressions, interpretation of postures, and gestures with communication difficulties. Experimental data indicate a positive relationship between the social status of an individual and the ability to interpret nonverbal signals. The general dynamics of the development of a child with disabilities are subject to the same laws as ordinary children. But the peculiarities of children associated with a disturbance of the intellectual sphere lead to the limitation of possibilities to obtain information from the outside world, a change in the methods of communication, difficulties of social adaptation, and impoverishment of social experience. Method: Students of the first-grades of educational institutions of St. Petersburg were the survey sample. Several public and special schools were randomly selected in order to form the most detailed picture of the development of nonverbal behaviour in children, as well as to obtain the most representative sample for our study. A total of 128 children took part in the study – students of the first-grade (average age – 7.4 years; 47 girls, 81 boys). Results: A programme of psychological influence was developed to optimise the nonverbal communication of children with intellectual disabilities. Conclusion: With psychological influence aimed at the development of nonverbal communication among primary schoolers with intellectual disabilities, more intact mental functions associated with the implementation of emotional and behavioural components were taken into account.

Non-Verbal Communication and Cues in Armenian-American Literary Discourse

Communication is foundation of life. Literature is a universal form of communication. Writers communicate beliefs, ideas, experiences, feelings and thoughts. Armenian-American literature is a huge source of communication. Armenian-American writers who migrated to the USA throughout various time periods bring unique storylines and techniques to literature. Nonverbal communication is known to be the more honest part of human communication. Understanding communication requires combined analysis of verbal and nonverbal communication. This research identifies features of nonverbal communication incorporated in literary texts. Nonverbal cues incorporated in literary texts are seemingly minor yet vital features which sometimes are left out of the readers’ attention.
 The following literary works were chosen for the research: Peter Balakian’s Black Dog of Fate (1997, memoir), Micheline Aharonian Marcom’s Three Apples Fell from Heaven (2001, fiction). The chosen samples include writings which have not been widely analysed especially from communication theory aspects. The main analysis method utilized was close reading of the texts. Further, research can be done to analyse poetry collections to identify whether nonverbal cues are as significantly used in poetry as they are used in stories and novels.

ABOUT THE CURRENCY OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE MODERN SOCIETY

The article considers the features of non-verbal communication under the conditions of the modern society The forms of non-verbal communication include paralysis, eye contact, facial expression, posture, gestures, touches, proximics, clothes, etc. Although non-verbal forms of communication are mostly of a subconscious nature, they can be used to convey information of any importance . With the help of non-verbal signals, our communication can become complicated and reach a level of understanding that is not available for verbal communication. The authors come to the conclusion that the role of non-verbal interaction in communication increases.

A study on the Impact of Consultants’ Nonverbal Communication on Customer Satisfaction, Trust, and Long-term Relationship Orientation of the Client Firm

Background/ Objectives: The purpose of this study is to verify the importance of nonverbal communication of consultants on customer satisfaction, trust and long-term relationship orientation. Methods/ Statistical Analysis: To test the validity and reliability of our measuring tools, we perform an exploratory factor analysis. All variables were tested through a principal component analysis. To determine the number of factors and simplify the factor loading, the varimax rotation method was used. Findings: Our main findings show that, among the specific features of nonverbal communication, both spatial language and appearance language significantly affect customer satisfaction. Body language, spatial language, and appearance language were found to have significant effects on customer trust. Nonverbal communication also has a significant impact on customer satisfaction and on the long-term relationship orientation of client. Application/ Improvement: The present study analyses the impact of nonverbal communication on customers, with the aim of strengthening consultants’ competencies, as well as contributing to the growth and development of the consulting industry by filling the existing gap in the literature.

About a Role and Value of Nonverbal Communication in Psycholinguistics

Since the late 1970s, the problems of psycholinguistics were influenced by the state of affairs in linguistics and related sciences. This is primarily a complex of sciences about the nature and dynamics of cognitive processes. For most American and English-speaking psycholinguists N. Chomsky’s theory of generative grammar as a reference to the language science is the most influential. They try to verify the extent of psychological hypotheses based on Chomsky's theory corresponding to the observed behavior. From this perspective, some authors consider the child's speech, the other-the role of language in social interactions, and others-the relationship of language and cognitive processes. The aim of our study is to determine and describe the characteristic and distinguishing features of non-verbal communication of Turkic culture and compare the data and if possible give them an interpretation.