Introduction: India’s tribal communities face significant public health issues, with tuberculosis (TB) being a major concern. These populations experience a higher TB burden due to limited healthcare access, socioeconomic inequalities, and distinct cultural practices. This study focuses on the prevalence and impact of TB among these communities. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar was conducted to analyze the health challenges, particularly TB, affecting India’s tribal populations. Results: The review highlights a significant disparity in TB prevalence between tribal and non-tribal populations. Factors like inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited medical access, and socioeconomic inequalities, along with cultural practices, complicate TB transmission and treatment, emphasizing the need for culturally tailored interventions. Conclusion: Addressing the TB crisis in India’s tribal communities requires a holistic and culturally sensitive approach. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, policymakers, and tribal communities are crucial to improving health outcomes and preserving cultural heritage for a sustainable future.