Non-sedentary Group Research Articles

Association between inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension among sedentary adults in US: NHANES 2009-2018.

Our study focuses on the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension among sedentary adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. We categorized 24,614 participants into two groups based on their daily sedentary time: 9607 individuals in the sedentary group (≥7h) and 15,007 in the non-sedentary group(<7h). We found that the sedentary group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension than the non-sedentary group. Using weighted multiple logistic regression and smoothing curves, we assessed the correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and hypertension among the sedentary adults. The odds ratios for hypertension were 1.92 for the monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (MHR), 1.15 for the systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and 1.19 for the natural logarithm of the systemic immune-inflammation index (lnSII), all showing nonlinear associations. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between sedentary time and inflammatory biomarkers (MHR, SIRI, and lnSII). Our findings suggest that prolonged sedentary behavior in the US significantly increases hypertension risk, likely due to marked increases in inflammation markers.

Computed Tomography Lung Density Analysis: An Imaging Biomarker Predicting Physical Inactivity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study.

Physical inactivity correlates with poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is suggested to be related to lung hyperinflation. We examined the association between physical activity and the expiratory to inspiratory (E/I) ratio of mean lung density (MLD), the imaging biomarker of resting lung hyperinflation. COPD patients (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 12) underwent assessment of pulmonary function and physical activity with an accelerometer, as well as computed tomography at full inspiration and expiration. E/IMLD was calculated by measuring inspiratory and expiratory MLD. Exercise (EX) was defined as metabolic equivalents × duration (hours). COPD patients had higher E/IMLD (0.975 vs. 0.964) than healthy subjects. When dividing COPD patients into sedentary (EX < 1.5) and non-sedentary (EX ≥ 1.5) groups, E/IMLD in the sedentary group was statistically higher than that in the non-sedentary group (0.983 vs. 0.972). E/IMLD > 0.980 was a good predictor of sedentary behavior in COPD (sensitivity, 0.815; specificity, 0.714). Multivariate analysis showed that E/IMLD was associated with sedentary behavior (odds ratio, 0.39; p = 0.04), independent of age, symptomology, airflow obstruction, and pulmonary diffusion. In conclusion, higher E/IMLD scores are associated with sedentary behavior and can be a useful imaging biomarker for the early detection of physical inactivity in COPD.

Revisiting a colonial landmark: caravanserais as tools of urban transformation in early colonial Tanzania

ABSTRACT This article uncovers the colonial past of the Bagamoyo Caravanserai, a historic site in the Tanzanian town of Bagamoyo. Situating the origin of the building, as well as that of a similar structure in Dar es Salaam, within the context of both German colonial rule around 1900 and the wider history of colonial camps in Africa, it argues that the colonial authorities conceptualised caravanserais as spatial tools of demobilising and concentrating the non-sedentary group of porters working in the East African caravan trade. Based on primary sources from Tanzanian and German archives, the analysis contends that it was the aim of these tools to disentangle the thousands of transport workers, staying in the towns during the annual trade season, from the urban population for the purpose of social and sanitary control. The analysis also discusses the limitations of this regime, revealing the struggles over space and the ways in which African workers subverted colonial urban transformation.

The Guenoa Minuanos and the Jesuit Missions among the Guaraní

The Jesuit province of Paraquaria included missions established within both sedentary and non-sedentary indigenous groups. This study examines the Guenoa Minuanos and their interactions with the Jesuit mission San Francisco de Borja. The Guenoa Minuanos were a non-sedentary group that lived in the Banda Oriental, or what is today Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul. Some bands chose to settle on the missions and particularly San Francisco de Borja, while other bands allied with the Portuguese. This study focuses on the bands that settled on the San Francisco de Borja mission.

Physical activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A holistic approach based on the ICF model

ObjectivesThe International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a framework providing information on disability and health. Physical activity’s behavior is complex and affected by various factors. We aimed to examine the ICF domains in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients; to compare them in sedentary and non-sedentary PD patients and their association with activity level. Patients and MethodsSixty PD patients (25 sedentary PD group, 35 non-sedentary PD group) were included in this retrospective study. Functional disability was evaluated using the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. The physical activity level was measured by the SenseWear Arm Band activity monitor. Patients’ cognitive function, severity of depression and anxiety, the functional impact of fatigue, balance performance (NeuroCom Balance Master System), functional mobility (Timed Up and Go Test, TUG), walking capacity (Six-Minute Walk Test, 6MWT), fear of falling, health-related quality of life are also analyzed. ResultsSedentary PD patients had worse scores in NeuroCom Balance Master System parameters, TUG score, and 6MWT distance in activities domains of the ICF model as a guide than non-sedentary group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the body structures and function, participation, personal and environmental domains of the ICF model between sedentary and non-sedentary PD groups (p > 0.05). There was no correlation between steps taken per day and NeuroCom Balance Master System parameters, TUG score, and 6MWT distance in both groups (p > 0.05). ConclusionPatients with sedentary lifestyle had worse scores in postural control/balance, sit-to-stand and walking performance. However, deteriorated dynamic balance may not lead to sedentary lifestyle. Physiotherapy programs should be including the behavior change interventions and motivational strategies to promote activity level in PD.

Regular physical exercise, sedentarism and characteristics of dismenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome

Abstract Introduction: Among the menstrual disorders of the female reproductive period, Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Dysmenorrhea are the most prevalent. The intensity of the signs and symptoms in each of these conditions may compromise the physical, psychological and social well-being of the woman at the stage of the menstrual cycle. Objective: To compare the signs and symptoms of menstrual disorders in women who practice regular exercise or not. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out on women who practice exercises regularly and sedentary women. The IPAQ questionnaires and the evaluation of signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea and PMS were applied to non-sedentary and sedentary students from the Federal University of Sergipe, Campus Lagarto. Results: Both groups had similar data for mean age and the mean Body Mass Index (BMI), therefore, passive of comparison. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was significantly higher among sedentary women, 82% in the sedentary group and 46% in the non-sedentary group (p &lt; 0.001), as well as some negative impacts on the psychological, social and physical state of both PMS and dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: The prevalence of signs and symptoms of dysmenorrhea was significantly higher in the Sedentary Group. Analyzing the behavior of PMS in relation to the practice of physical exercises, it was observed that the signs and symptoms of depressed mood, fatigue, difficulty to concentrate, lack of interest in social and home activities were more significant in the Sedentary Group.

A study on occurrence of anemia in primigravida women attending antenatal ward of BPKIHS

Background: Anemia is identified as a very common nutritional problem in developing countries. Prevalence of micro nutrient malnutrition in respect of iron, iodine and vitamin A is more wide spread then protein energy malnutrition. Pregnancy is a serious burden to the women with the disease for the anemia and places them at increased risk of mortality.Objective: To determine the Hb% level of Primigravida women. To classify status of anemia on the basis of level of Hb%. To find out the association between Hb level and selected background factors. To find out the association between the Hb% level and week of gestation and nutritional pattern.Method: A descriptive and exploring Study design was carried out on 300 primigravid women admitted in BPKIHS, Dharan antenatal ward and every alternate admitted case was selected for the study. The instrument was structured questionnaires with close ended, observation check list and observational sheet. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis.Result: Overall occurrence of anemia was found to be 42% among the study population. Mild anemia and moderate anemia were found to be 17% and 25% respectively. Greater proportions of 13-19 yr. women were found to be anemic compares to those &gt; 20 years of age. Greater proportions of anemic women were from the nonsedentary groups than the sedentary. Both mild and moderate anemia were more among Primigravid women with &gt;40 gestational week.Conclusion: Understanding the extent and severity of anemia among pregnant women is essential to the development and implementation of effective anemia control for the normal delivery and healthy baby in Nepal. Health Renaissance 2015;13 (3):

Correlation between abdominal fat and myocardial blood flow in sedentary and non sedentary male workers at rest

Background: Sedentary life has emerged as a risk factor for various negative health. Abdominal obesity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of several metabolic and cardiovascular medical problems. The myocardial blood flow can be easily measured by knowing hemodynamic predictors the heart rate and systolic blood pressure which correlate better with the myocardial oxygen consumption. Method: In this cross sectional study 70 sedentary and 70 non-sedentary (30-40 years) age matched male workers were selected. Their waist circumference, waist hip ratio, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were measured at rest. The rate pressure product was calculated to assess the myocardial blood flow. Results: The waist circumference and waist hip ratio and the systolic blood pressure were significantly (P< 0.05) lower in non-sedentary group compared to sedentary group. The heart rate and rate pressure product both showed very highly significant (P< 0.0001) reduction in non-sedentary group compared to sedentary group. Conclusion: This study shows that the sedentary workers’ myocardial oxygen consumption is much high at rest and they are more prone to ischemia due to stress and exercise.

Increased risk of obesity and central obesity in sedentary postmenopausal women

To establish the influence of a sedentary behavior (sit time) on body composition in elderly women from Aragón. A total of 457 women participated in the study. Hours of walking were used to define the active behavior (> 1 vs. < 1 h/day) and hours of sitting were used to establish the sedentary behavior (> 4 vs. < 4 h/day). Anthropometric evaluation was conducted following the ISAK recommendations. Fat mass was estimated through electrical bio-impedance. Differences between groups were analyzed by ANOVA and logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between active and sedentary behaviors with body composition. The sedentary group had higher weight, BMI, waist circumference and fat mass than the non-sedentary group (all p < 0.05). In addition, those women who sat more than 4 h/day had 1.7, 2.7 and 1.7-fold higher odds ratio for having overweight, obesity and central obesity, respectively, regardless of the hours of walking (95% IC [1.006-2.739]; [1.518-4.491] y [1.154-2.565]). When activity and sedentary levels were studied together, active and sedentary women were 2.0 times more likely to be overweight (95% CI [0.995-3.961]), 4.4 to be obese (95% CI [2.101-9.264]) and 2.3 for having central obesity (95% CI [1.329-3.939]) than women with an active and non-sedentary behavior. Being sitting more than 4 hours a day increases the risk of overweight, obesity and central obesity, regardless of the hours of walking in postmenopausal women.

Self-reported physical inactivity predicts survival after hospitalization for heart disease

Physical inactivity increases with age and is shown to be inverse and independently related to mortality among patients with coronary heart disease. However, the knowledge of this relationship among elderly heart patients is limited because of their exclusion from many studies. The aim of this study was to investigate how self-reported physical activity affects all-cause mortality among elderly patients admitted to hospital with coronary heart disease or congestive heart failure. An observational study was carried out, including patients ≥65 years of age who were admitted to a Coronary Unit with coronary heart disease or congestive heart failure. Patients were asked to fill in a questionnaire on physical activity and divided into a sedentary and non-sedentary group, and followed for vital status for 2 ¹/₂; years after admission. In total, 150 patients participated. Within this study, all-cause mortality was 27.3%. Sedentary patients had a 3.9-fold (95% CI, 1.9 to 7.8) increase in mortality compared to non-sedentary patients. Adjusting for potential confounders such as severity of heart disease, co-morbidity, medication and social factors in a Cox proportional hazard regression model did not attenuate the association. Only 25% of sedentary patients with heart failure were alive after 2 ¹/₂; years compared to 75% of those that were physically active (p < 0.001). This study emphasises the importance of physical activity among elderly heart patients and demonstrates that a group of sedentary patients, who are at high risk, can easily be identified and require special attention.

Nenets reindeer herders on the lower Yenisei River: traditional economy under current conditions are responses to economic change

The article is dedicated to the problems of survival and development among the aboriginal peoples of northern Russia in the context of current conditions. Data collected in the western art of the Taimyr Autonomous District allowed us to divide the non-sedentary population of this territory into three groups differentiated by overall way of life, land use and economic “calendar.” These groups are: the nomadic reindeer herders of the tundra (about 250–300 people), the semi-nomadic fishermenherders of Yenisei delta (about 500), and the nomadic herders of the forest-tundra (300–350). The economy and ways of life of the three non-sedentary groups are described. Communities whose traditional subsistence base is reindeers have entered a crucial period. In response to the pressure of the dominant society, these peoples have three possible strategies: isolation, passive adaptation and active adaptation. Only the last strategy can preserve their culture, and create a “neoculture”. Now, however, passive adaptation predominates. The mutual, bi-directional process of cultural integration needs to reinforce positive aspects of acculturation and promote active, rather than passive, adaptation. A necessary condition for this is the appearance among the Nenets of an intermediate social stratum which maintains close links to nomadic reindeer-husbandry and is simultaneously integrated into the dominant society.