Non-religious Schools Research Articles

Poly-bullying victimisation in Indonesia: Prevalence and factors related to children exposure to multiple bullying incidents, and its correlation to subjective well-being.

Research on bullying in Indonesia remains limited, revealing significant gaps in understanding its prevalence and underlying factors specific to the Indonesian context. This study addresses these gaps through a three-pronged approach: (a) assessing the prevalence of poly-bullying victimisation, (b) identifying factors associated with poly-bullying experiences, and (c) evaluating subjective well-being (SWB) in cases of poly-bullying by comparing it with uninvolved children. Cummins' theory of SWB homeostasis was employed to interpret the findings. The study included 10,051 children aged 10 and 12years (50% girls) who reported experiencing poly-bullying in the past month. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. Poly-bullying was measured across five indicators: physical, verbal, and emotional bullying by siblings and other children at school. The analysis considered five independent variables: sociodemographic factors, perceptions of family, friends, and school, and reported fights among students. The results were statistically significant (p<0.000), though the model explained only 5.1% of the variance in poly-bullying victimisation. Poly-bullying was prevalent in both public and non-religious schools. Significant contributors included the frequency of fights among students (β=0.129) and the belief that friends would help (β=0.045). The study's implications for preventing poly-bullying victimisation were also discussed.

Arabic Language Learning in the Context of Non-Religious Schools: Analysis of Learning Urgency and Student Learning Interest

The purpose of this study was to explore the urgency of learning Arabic, identify factors influencing students' learning interest in non-religious schools, and analyze the relationship between learning urgency and student learning interest. Arabic has particular urgency in the context of Islam, but in this era of globalization, understanding Arabic provides a significant advantage in understanding the rich history, literature, and culture of Arabia. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analysis approach. The results showed that factors such as motivation, learning environment, and effective teaching influenced students' interest in Arabic. In addition, the urgency of learning Arabic is also positively related to students' interest in learning. Therefore, The urgency of learning Arabic is also positively related to students' interest in learning. Therefore, educators need to design more effective learning strategies to achieve the goals of religious education and Arabic language competence in non-religious school environments

Islamic and Senior High Schools in School Market in Indonesia

Madrasah and non-religious schools must compete for potential students. These two types of educational institutions compete to attract similar student markets. Therefore, this article aims to explore the strategies of madrasah aliyah (MA) and high school (SMA) in the school market in the local context. In addition, this article aims to explore the positioning, differentiation, and brand (PDB) strategies of MA and SMA in the local context. This research is qualitative. Data was collected using interviews with 16 participants: principals, vice principals, teachers, students, alums, parents, and villagers. The study found the number of MA students declined more than high school students in the past five years. Moreover, the findings of this study show that MA PDB focus on Islamic religious learning and skills is different from the market's expectations: students/parents. In contrast, the GDP chosen by SMA focuses more on academic achievement and further study by the expectations of students and parents. This research suggests that madrasahs and schools analyze market needs for sustainable education as a basis for marketing strategies. The study also suggests a study to verify the effect of PDB on enrolment intention

At the Confluence of COVID-19 and Anti-Black Racial Violence: Exploring Independent Schools’ Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Practice

The COVID-19 pandemic and heightened awareness of police violence against Black Americans in 2020 reverberated throughout educational institutions including private, non-religious schools. This survey study (n=242) sought to understand the impact of these crises on independent schools’ Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) leaders. Results indicate that while 45% of included schools had a robust DEI practice pre-2020, these crises created an environment of these competing crises. Many schools experienced reductions in resources and increasing resistance to DEI. Overall, pre-2020 robustness of a DEI practice did not predict school responses to the crises. Implications for DEI policy and leadership are discussed.

Muda dan Anti Bid’ah: Penyebaran Gagasan Salafi pada Mahasiswa di Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Jambi

Salafism was able to develop rapidly after the New Order fell due to the open space for freedom to spread various religious ideas and the genealogy of Salafism before the Reformation. This idea spread to Jambi through alumni of Saudi Arabian universities who moved or settled here. This study aims to explain the Salafi transmission path among students of two Jambi state universities and what religious ideas are conveyed in Salafi taklim. Through observations of salafi group recitations in October 2022 and interviews with 11 informants from among Salafi students, this article found that there are three transmission paths of Salafi ideas in Jambi state university students: First, there are already students who are involved in Salafi recitation when they are students and re-join the group when they are students; Second, through a family that adheres to the Salafist faith; Third, through peers on campus accompanied by motivation to study Islam more intensively because they come from non-religious schools. The speed of information of the digital age and the absence of a government ban on this anti-heresy group, made Salafi recitations still attended by young people with the content of four Salafi ideas, namely Tawhid, Loyalty and Hate (al-Wala' wa al-Bara), loving the sunnah and opposing heresy, and obedience to the government. The number of anti-heresy students at Jambi state universities is still minimal compared to followers of other religious ideas.

Teen Brides, Migrant Husbands and Religious Schooling

In many Muslim communities across South Asia, children and adolescents access education through religious institutions such as madrassa. When analysing the impact of madrassa on gender equity and empowerment, many scholars downplay feminist criticism of these institutions on the basis that even non-religious schools promote traditional gender roles in the global south. Some research on Bangladesh explains that ‘modernised’ or government-recognised madrassa, where students learn secular academic topics in addition to Arabic and Quranic verses, help boost female educational attainment in conservative communities. In addition, scholars often resist criticism of madrassa and other local practices such as early marriage in the name of understanding non-Western norms and ideals. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in remote villages of northern Bangladesh, this paper analyses the impact of religious schooling on young women’s everyday lives and perspectives through the experiences of young brides who are married to labour migrant men. Some of these brides have attended secular school while others have attended traditional madrassa, and I attempt to understand how their educational backgrounds have informed their views on marriage and gender roles. In this article, I contest the claim that religious schooling and early marriage can facilitate rural women’s agency. I argue that advocating for modernised madrassa is problematic, unless the conflicting impacts of unrecognised/traditional madrassa on women’s agency are acknowledged.

Tracking Real-Time Changes in Configurating Identity Elements in A Life-Story Interview: An Exploratory Case Study

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present an exploratory analysis of real-time micro-changes in identity configurations occurring within the span of one life-story style interview. We examined how one interviewee – a woman who is both religious and a high school counselor in a non-religious school – when prompted to narrate a life-story incorporating the two domains of religious and occupational identity, presents different consecutive ways of configurating the relations between these potentially disparate identity elements. We followed these changes across the interview, and identified four identity goals that seemingly trigger identity reflection and the reconfiguration of identity elements in real-time: the goals of internal integration and coherence; comprehensiveness; ownership of identity, and securing social recognition and affiliation. The possible implications of research focusing on the real-time challenge of configurating identity, rather than on exploration and commitment, is discussed.

Introducing the Junior Spiritual Health Scale (JSHS): assessing the impact of religious affect on spiritual health among 8- to 11-year-old students

ABSTRACT This study describes the developing and testing of a measure of spiritual health accessible to 8- to 11-year-old students that is consistent with the four-domain model as operationalised by Fisher’s family of measures, but avoids explicit religious or theistic content. Data generated by 4,803 students in Wales confirm the rotated four-factor structure of the new 12-item measure and also the coherence of employing the total scale score as a unidimensional measure of global spiritual health (α = .90). After taking personal factors and psychological factors into account, regression analysis demonstrated that religious affect contributed additional power to predicting higher spiritual health scores on this new measure that was not itself contaminated by explicit religious or theistic content. This instrument is commended as providing a sound foundation for assessing the spiritual health of primary school students within a variety of religious and non-religious schools.

Ethical Autonomy at Religious Schools: Students’ Experiences at a Christian School in Norway, 1990–2015, Compared to Majority Schools

In Scandinavia, religious schools are both rarer and more controversial than in many other European countries and the United States. Scandinavian politicians fear that these schools foster social division and undermine personal autonomy. However, researchers have not paid much attention to these political concerns. In this study, the ethical autonomy of students at religious schools is scrutinized and compared to the experiences of students at non-religious schools based on interviews with 35 recent and former Norwegian high school students. Deep ethical confrontations occurred regularly only at the religious school, but it paradoxically also had a stronger sense of ethical belonging.

Private competition and market characteristics: evidence from public school efficiency

ABSTRACT The traditional market structure paradigm does not fully identify all components that determine the true degree and complexity of a market’s existing competition. Recently, researchers have redefined market structures and market competition using geographic spatial tools We follow this approach in developing a school competition index (SCI) for the state of Mississippi to define the K-12 market and to measure the competition public schools face from private schools. We separate religious private schools from non-religious private schools as an important market characteristic and create two variables to capture the degree of competition each public school faces from peer religious and non-religious private schools spatially located within their local market area. Results from two-stage stochastic frontier analysis indicate that private schools with a religious affiliation significantly increase public schools’ performance. The results also suggest that students’ race and their socio-economic standard significantly reduce public school efficiency. We conclude that policymakers should consider competition-based school reform policies to increase public school outcomes.

The Role of Spirituality in the Medical Care of Patients Suffering from Addiction and Mental Disease

For a long time, a separation has been made between medicine and spirituality, but since the 90s, there has been an advent of spirituality after several researchers in North America have found that this dimension is linked to several pathologies and could play a role in the recovery of psychiatric patients. After a brief reminder about spirituality and religion and some concepts of mental health, we present three qualitative studies. The first aims to measure the degree of religiosity of the consultants of the center of addiction of Marrakech by using A religiosity Scale created by DR Dany R.Khalaf. The result of this first study is unequivocal, the patients of the center of addictology have a middle degree of religiosity with a certain profile a clear male predominance having less than 30 years, sedentary. Half of them is unemployed and did not passed secondary school in non-religious schools. Mostly Muslim, while occasionally consuming alcohol and consuming more than 10 cigarettes a day. The second study attempts to establish a link between religiosity and the impact it may have on the abstinence of alcohol addicts. The final result of this study is that religiosity has a definite impact on alcohol dependent abstinence and is even the main reason behind the abstinence of some patients. The third study sought to demonstrate the relationship between religion and suicidality among depressed patients. The result is that religion is one of the reasons for abandoning suicidal ideation and that it brings tremendous benefit to patients, which make them quit the idea of committing suicide. During both studies, questions relating to the integration of the spiritual and religious aspects of care were asked. The majority of patients want spirituality and religiosity / religion to be taken into consideration and integrated into their care while being with their doctor. After having seen all the benefits of spirituality and the positive effect it had on patients in the various studies, we can only conclude that spirituality has a primordial and very important role in the care of patients. . Herein, everything needs to be done, a protocol of care taking should be established, including this dimension and future psychiatrists needs to be trained to do it, and it should include a panelist such as “the leaders of the cults” in the care.

The Church of Ireland primary school in an expanding educational marketplace: the use of school websites to promote school identity and ethos

Church of Ireland primary schools account for 5% of the total of primary schools in the Republic of Ireland. With the growing demand for non-religious schools in the educational marketplace it is becoming more important that each one of this small cohort of schools looks at its self-identity, and what it offers in terms of a distinctive ethos to students and parents. This paper is based on desk-based research conducted in 2018, focussed on the websites of 74% of Church of Ireland primary schools. The study found that 35% of these schools do not make it clear that they are Church of Ireland schools on the home page of their websites. By using content analysis methodologies to analyse ethos statements on the school websites, it was found that schools were very dependent on a sample ethos document issued in 2003, and beyond that there was little consistency in the narrative of what the ethos of a Church of Ireland primary school might look like. The study, whilst noting that all schools are unique, recommends conversation about ethos so that schools are equipped and supported in the development of their distinct identity as Church of Ireland primary schools within a changing educational marketplace.

The role of spirituality in the medical care of patients suffering from addiction and mental disease

For a long time, a separation has been made between medicine and spirituality, but since the 90s, there has been an advent of spirituality after several researchers in North America have found that this dimension is linked to several pathologies and could play a role in the recovery of psychiatric patients. After a brief reminder about spirituality and religion and some concepts of mental health, we present three qualitative studies. The first aims to measure the degree of religiosity of the consultants of the center of addiction of Marrakech by using A religiosity Scale created by DR Dany R.Khalaf. The result of this first study is unequivocal, the patients of the center of addictology have a middle degree of religiosity with a certain profile a clear male predominance having less than 30 years, sedentary. Half of them is unemployed and did not passed secondary school in non-religious schools. Mostly Muslim, while occasionally consuming alcohol and consuming more than 10 cigarettes a day. The second study attempts to establish a link between religiosity and the impact it may have on the abstinence of alcohol addicts. The final result of this study is that religiosity has a definite impact on alcohol dependent abstinence and is even the main reason behind the abstinence of some patients. The third study sought to demonstrate the relationship between religion and suicidality among depressed patients. The result is that religion is one of the reasons for abandoning suicidal ideation and that it brings tremendous benefit to patients, which make them quit the idea of committing suicide. During both studies, questions relating to the integration of the spiritual and religious aspects of care were asked. The majority of patients want spirituality and religiosity / religion to be taken into consideration and integrated into their care while being with their doctor. After having seen all the benefits of spirituality and the positive effect it had on patients in the various studies, we can only conclude that spirituality has a primordial and very important role in the care of patients. . Herein, everything needs to be done, a protocol of care taking should be established, including this dimension and future psychiatrists needs to be trained to do it , and it should include a panelist such as “the leaders of the cults” in the care.

Women’s college admissions and retention policies pertaining to transgender students: a comprehensive analysis

The growing visibility of transgender youth has led to increased attention on access to traditionally single-sex spaces—including those in higher education. One area that has sparked controversy is whether, and which, transgender students belong at women’s colleges. To assess the current status of this issue, women’s college policies around admitting and graduating transgender students were obtained for 33 of the 34 women’s colleges in the United States. Applications from transgender women would be considered by 21 schools solely on the basis of self-identification, six after specified types of transition, and three with unclear requirements. Transgender men could apply to six schools without limitations and five under limited circumstances. Seven schools required men who transitioned after admission to leave the college or transfer into a coeducational program. Schools with public facing gender policies, non-religious schools, and schools located in the Northeast were significantly less likely to restrict access to transgender students. This lack of consistency reflects the shifting sands of how gender identity is conceptualized in higher education. We recommend that women’s colleges examine how problematic discourses of sex and gender affect their policy development and explicitly address whether their policies on transgender students empower or imperil their missions.

Indonesian Adolescents' Online Opportunities and Risks

This research aims to 1) explore the benefits of online (benefits obtained when on the internet) and online risks (risks experienced when on the internet) in adolescents in Jakarta; 2) Test differences in online benefits and online risk based on differences in gender, education level, and school affiliation. This study used a survey method with a multilevel random sampling technique performed on adolescents living in Jakarta aged 12-18 (N = 756). The data analysis technique for this study is descriptive analysis and T-test analysis. The results of the research show that teenagers in Jakarta regularly use the internet every day with relatively high duration. More than 60% of teens benefit online in the medium to the high category, with six types of benefits online: learning, creative participation, social participation, social relations, entertainment, commercial benefits, and personal benefits. Most teens experience online risk in the low category, with three types of risks: content risk, contact risk, and behavioral risk. Other findings, namely: (1) there are significant differences in online risk-based on sex and adolescent education level; (2) significant differences in online benefits are based solely on adolescent education levels. There are no significant differences in online and online risk benefits based on school affiliation (non-religious schools and religion-based schools). This research contributes to the importance of distinguishing online benefits and online risks from adolescent education levels.

청소년의 학교에 대한 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 연구 : 종교재단과 비종교재단 학교의 청소년 집단 비교를 중심으로

청소년의 학교에 대한 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 연구 : 종교재단과 비종교재단 학교의 청소년 집단 비교를 중심으로

Telaah Epistemologis Harmonisasi Sufisme dan Surealisme dalam Perspektif Adonis

This article explores the idea of mysticism promulgated by Adonis. To him, his works are an attempt to arrive at the disclosure of the visible and the hidden (al-kashf ‘an al-mar’ wa al-lā mar’ī). He acknowledges that the effort is based on the concept of ẓāhir and bāṭin within Sufism. The element of mysticism in Adonis’s idea has been manifested through the harmonization of Sufism-Surrealism. He uses other perspectives in defining Sufism and Surrealism; a perspective that enables the harmonization of both. To investigate the harmonization, the author employs epistemological point of view coupled with phenomenological approach as the methods of analysis of Adonis’s texts. The study reveals another type of Sufism and Surrealism, which emanates from the world of Adonis. Adonis has understood Sufism and Surrealism as two separate realms but they share one similar purpose, namely being identical with the Absolute or united with Him. Most radically, he views Sufism as a non-religious school, instead a universal philosophy of life to understanding the Universe. On the other hand, Adonis sees Surrealism as another form of mysticism, i.e. mysticism with no religious institution;&#x0D;

ACCOUNTANTS MORAL JUDGEMENT IN RELIGIOUS AND NON-RELIGIOUS SCHOOL BACKGROUND’S PERSPECTIVE

This study aims to review the conduct of investigation regarding moral judgements between accountants with religious and non-religious school background using moral indicators (moral judgment). Multiple linear regression analysis used in this study. To review the partially relationships between variables, the study operated using T-test, whereas for review simultaneous relationships between variables the study used F-test. This study using 86 respondents as a data source for review processed. The findings of the research is the Religious Background (X1) significantly affected the Accounting students morality judgement (Y), while the difference of Gender (X2) showed the opposite results.

Support for Gender Stereotypes: Does Madrasah Education Matter?

This paper examines the influence of the institutional nature of schools on gender stereotyping by exploring contrasts between non-religious and Islamic faith (that is madrasah) schools among secondary school-going adolescents in rural Bangladesh. In particular, differences in gender attitudes across school types are explored to elucidate what about schools matters. Using a uniquely designed survey to assess the influence of school type on student characteristics, we find large differences in stereotypical gender attitudes by school type and student gender. Madrasah students in general, and unrecognised madrasah students in particular, show unfavourable attitudes about women and their abilities compared to their peers in non-religious schools. However, these differences are diminished considerably in ordered probit models suggesting that school-level differences are explained by teacher characteristics such as the nature of teacher training and average family size of teachers. These estimated effects are robust to conditioning on a rich set of family characteristics.

Madrasah for Girls and Private School for Boys? The Determinants of School Type Choice in Rural and Urban Indonesia

Using a nationally representative data set of Indonesian households and villages, we study the determinants of enrolment in Islamic schools (i.e., madrasahs) and private non-religious vis-a-vis public non-religious schools. Multinomial logit estimates indicate that madrasahs systematically attract children from poorer households, rural locations, and less educated parents while the opposite is true for private school enrolment. Moreover, girls are significantly more likely to be in madrasahs, irrespective of their locations, while boys enjoy a higher probability of enrolment in non-madrasah schools, particularly in urban areas.A significant of household income remains even after factoring out the influence of child characteristics, parental background, and village characteristics. Therefore policies that reduce household poverty are likely to reduce demand for Islamic schooling. However, the presence of a girl effect in madrasah enrolment independent of household income and location factors is puzzling and underscores the need to better understand the socio-cultural determinants of school choice in Indonesia.