Non-public Universities Research Articles

Research on satisfaction of Vietnamese university lecturers

For universities, lecturers are the human resources who directly carry out the training task to create human resource training products for society; lecturers play an important role in determining the strategic development of the school. Universities that motivate lecturers to work will create satisfaction for lecturers, promote creativity to contribute to the school. This study addresses the job satisfaction of lecturers, including public universities and non-public universities to identify and compare the differences in job satisfaction of lecturers at universities in Vietnam. The author uses quantitative methods through a survey of 800 lecturers from 10 universities in Vietnam to collect data for the study. The research results show that salary, work itself, development opportunities, recognition, relationships at work, working environment and conditions have an impact on the job satisfaction of lecturers. However, the level of impact of each factor on the satisfaction of lecturers at public universities is different from that of lecturers at non-public universities; showing a clear difference in job satisfaction of lecturers at two types of universities in Vietnam. With the results of this research, the author finds that salary, work itself, development opportunities, recognition, relationships at work, working environment and conditions have an impact on the job satisfaction of lecturers at non-public universities; lecturer satisfaction also contributes significantly to the success of universities, it determines the quality of higher education, promotes innovation in universities.

Differences in the perception of the current state and the desired state of organizational culture in public and non-public universities in Poland from students’ perspective: a study based on Cameron and Quinn’s model

Higher education institutions (HEIs) play a significant role in modern economies, and it is worthwhile to analyze the factors that affect their effectiveness. To our knowledge, few studies have focused on the attitudes of students in Poland to their work environment. The purpose of this paper is to present differences in the perception of current and desired organizational culture in public and non-public HEIs in Poland from the perspective of students. A synthetic review of the literature on organizational culture at HEIs was conducted and presented. Research in the form of a survey based on Cameron and Quinn’s model was conducted in two public and two non-public HEIs in Poland. A sample of opinions of 402 students was gathered and analyzed. According to students from public and non-public schools alike the present culture was clan culture. Both groups also pointed at clan culture as the desired one, with adhocracy culture following closely. The findings may be useful for higher education decision makers in their attempts to create an effective working environment at HEIs. A further, more comprehensive research into the subject will be worth conducting.

Factors Affecting The Employee Motivation at Non-Public Universities in Ho Chi Minh City

The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the motivation of white-collar workers at non-public universities and to propose some solutions and human management perspectives with the aim of boosting employees' work motivation, productivity, and quality. This research used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods. Raw data was collected through a survey of 359 employees working at non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The results of the study indicated 07 factors influencing employees' motivation, as listed statistically from the most crucial to the least influential: i) Salary, Bonus, and Welfare Policies (beta = 0,295); ii) Training activities and promotion (beta = 0,273); iii) Relationship with colleges (beta = 0,186); iv) Relationship with superior (beta = 0,185); v) Working condition (beta = 0,130); vi) Achievement Recognition (beta = 0,104); and vii) Working features (beta = 0,099).

SOLUTIONS TO EFFECTIVE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AT NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES IN THE CURRENT 4.0 ERA

Digital transformation is an inevitable trend in Vietnam's non-public higher education today, especially for those that want to be promoted domestically and internationally, improve the quality of education and training, and attract learners. Digital transformation is to meet the new requirements of training high-quality human resources, who are capable of creativity, quickly absorbing science and technology levels in the world to serve the national development in the future. Not only have several non-public universities in Hanoi applied information and communication technology to improve the quality of education and management, recently, they also have boldly invested in digital transformation process, aiming to transform into a digital university, or a smart university model. The authors have analysed an effective management solution system to promote opportunities and overcome all challenges so that the digital transformation process in non-public higher education institutions takes place quickly, smoothly and sustainable success.

Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng hệ thống kiểm soát nội bộ các trường đại học ngoài công lập tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh

The objective of the study is to determine and measure the influence of factors on the effectiveness of the internal control system at non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The author has used a mixed research method, which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods according to multivariate regression model to carry out the research. Result of this research has been identified six factors affecting the effectiveness of the internal control system at non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh City, which are Control environment; Risk assessment; Control activities; Information and communication; Monitoring and applying information technology.

AN INVESTIGATION ON VIETNAM'S NON-PUBLIC UNIVERSITY EMPLOYEES’ WORK MOTIVATION

The Mekong Delta is identified as one of the areas with low levels of education in Vietnam. In addition to the system of public universities, private universities are increasingly developing and making a significant contribution to improving the level of education in this area. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the work motivation of employees at non-public universities in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Data for the study came from 450 employees at five private universities in the Mekong Delta. The research was carried out in two stages: qualitative research and quantitative research. Additionally, the authors' choice of data analysis techniques included (1) evaluating the Cronbach's Alpha scale's reliability; (2) conducting an exploratory component analysis; and (3) performing a linear regression analysis. The study's findings demonstrated the wide range of factors that affect the job motivation of employees at five non-public universities in the Mekong Delta. The working environment was the most important factor, with a standardized beta regression coefficient of 0.282; welfare, regime, and policy came in second with an impact of 0.280; leadership style came in third with an impact of 0.212; training and promotion, and salary and bonus had an impact of 0.166 and 0.149, respectively. The author offers some suggestions to improve the job motivation of employees in Mekong Delta non-public universities based on the findings of this study.

Academic Procrastination in Students During Covid-19 Pandemic: The Role of Perceived Challenges and Learning Motivation

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many changes in educational settings which have been quite demanding. Shifting to online education has resulted in many erratic changes for students, which could have threatened their learning motivation. Therefore, this study examined perceived challenges, learning motivation and academic procrastination during the COVID-19 pandemic among 458 students of public and non-public universities in Albania, and the data were collected through online questionnaires. The findings reveal a strong relationship between academic procrastination, perceived challenges and learning motivation. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression model revealed that academic procrastination was influenced by perceived challenges and motivation. Sociodemographic variables, such as age and gender, were examined. The results are relevant for understanding learning motivational processes and critical variables that influence students’ procrastination, academic achievement and adjustment.
 
 Received: 21 October 2022 / Accepted: 29 December 2022 / Published: 5 January 2023

Relationship between psychological capital and organizational commitment - a comparison of the independent variable’s the first and second order contructs: A case study at non-public Universities in HCMC

In the paper, the author builds and tests the relationship between psychological capital (Psycap) and effective commitment. In addition, the study also compares the influences of the overall level of psychological capital and its individual components to the dependent variable. The study is carried out through two phases: qualitative research and quantitative survey, in which the qualitative is used to adjust the scale to suit the context (focus group), and the quantitative one is used to test the model by analyzing the presence of unnecessary variables (A usefulness analysis). convenience sample of 400 elements was collected from 5 universities as data for model testing. the results show that PsyCap has an impact on the dependent variable as considering it as individual components or as the overall level. A usefulness analysis shows that PsyCap would have a stronger relationship with effective commitment than any of the four individual components comprising PsyCap. Applying a usefulness analysis, it was found that the higher-order construct of psychological capital variable better explained its components to the organizational behavior variable. This shows that the results of this study are consistent with previous studies in other countries, that is, the second-order construct of psychological capital better explains its components.

Students’ professional capital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reports from nationwide research

The aim of the article is to present the activities undertaken by students of Polish universities to support their professional capital during the COVID-19 pandemic. It presents the results of nationwide empirical research conducted with the participation of 1,259 male and female students. The research material was collected using an online survey (CAWI – Computer Assisted Web Interview) and subjected to statistical analysis (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, V-Cramer coefficient and chi-square test were used for this purpose). The survey questionnaire used a tool designed for the study, inspired by the concept of professional capital by Andy Hargreaves and Michael Fullan (2012), in which respondents indicated what actions they took to support career capital during the pandemic. The results obtained indicate that the professional capital of students at that time was at an average level [average of the results obtained: human capital – 2.76 (scale 0–5), decisional capital – 2.45 (scale 0–5), social capital – 1.28 (scale 0–4)], and is manifested to a greater extent by older students studying at non-public universities, achieving high didactic results during studies (average grades obtained above 4.5) and people who were not forced to moving back in with their parents. The data enrich knowledge about how students function during the pandemic and may be useful for career advisors.

Predicting behavioural intention among graduate students in emergency remote teaching: evidence from a transition country

Emergency remote teaching (ERT) is a new concept that describes the context in which instructional delivery is switched entirely online due to crisis circumstances. Recent research in such a context has been focused either on exploring the unique learning environment and enabling factors or on instructors’ intended behavior, with few studies exploring the students’ perspective. This study aims to contribute to the literature on technology-mediated teaching and learning by deepening the knowledge of the factors determining students’ behavioral intentions (BI) in ERT settings, using a survey of 487 graduate students attending public and non-public universities in Albania conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was employed to explore the chain relationship between ease of use (EASYUSE), expected efficiency (EE), attitudes (ATT), and BI. We expand the TAM model and increase its explanatory power by introducing new variables, such as co-presence (CP), and emergent variables, such as lack of learning materials and time constraints. Variance-based partial least squares techniques were used to validate our conceptual model. As hypothesized, EE and EASYUSE have a direct, positive effect on BI and an indirect effect via ATT. CP does not influence the BI directly but only indirectly via ATT and EE. Finally, the lack of learning materials is shown to negatively affect EE. While some of the findings have limited generalizability the specific research setting provides a unique opportunity to investigate the critical role of interactive teaching methods and learning barriers on students’ intentions and ATT. The fresh insights gained from the extended TAM model have important implications concerning the effective and systematic use of online modalities in similar settings.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40692-022-00239-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Factors affecting scientific research capacity of lecturers at non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh City

In the current context, the scientific research capacity of lecturers is an important measurement to evaluate the training quality of educational institutions. Researching the faculty's scientific research capacity is an urgent need, helping the school to rapidly develop training quality. This assessment helps to improve the quality, contributes to strengthen the reputation and attracts more students in the future. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of these factors on the scientific research capacity of lecturers at non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The study was conducted based on a combination of qualitative research methods (table research, expert interviews and group discussions) and quantitative research methods (based on SPSS statistical software to analyze data) together with the survey method as a convenient method. The result from 252 lecturers shows that there are four factors that strongly influence research capacity including (1) Working environment, (2) Perception, (3) Motivation, (4) Personal capacity. Thereby, this study presents the implications for university leaders to have more policies to promote the scientific research capacity of lecturers. Besides, the limitations of the topic and orientation for further research are also indicated.

Factors affecting the loyalty of pharmacy students at non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh city

This study aims to explore the factors and the impact of these factors on the loyalty of pharmacy students at non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh City. Survey data was collected from 400 full-time and continuous students, final-year students and recent graduates of 04 universities: Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Hong Bang International University, Van Lang University, and Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology. Results from the Bootstrap approach implemented in the Amos 20 software identifies the mediating role of Satisfaction. Furthermore, the results from the linear structural model (SEM) show that, among the factors that have a positive indirect effect on Loyalty, Service quality has the strongest impact, followed by Communication information, Word of mouth, School image, Financial support and Training quality. Besides, of the three factors that have a direct positive influence on Loyalty, the factor Expectation has the strongest impact, followed by Satisfaction and School image being the weakest. Research also showed that Internationalization has no effect on Satisfaction. Finally, some managerial implications regarding tuition fees and support policies, the image and reputation of the University along with some implications for improving training quality and student satisfaction are proposed to improve the loyalty of students in the above four universities.

The impact of university brand image on students’ loyalty: A study of non state universities in Ho Chi Minh City

In the integration with the world economy, a large number of universities are gradually increasing, leading to strong competition. Therefore, building and managing a university brand is one of the key strategic solutions to enhance students’ loyalty towards the university. This paper applied brand equity theory and customer-based brand equity (CBBE) models to assume the impact of brand image on students’ loyalty. PLS-SEM was employed for data analysis by Smart- PLS 3 software with 431 respondents (second-year to fourth-year students of non-public universities in Ho Chi Minh City). Research results identified 4 dimensions of university brand image: university heritage, trust, service quality and appearance & atmosphere. The finding revealed that the dimensions of university brand image had a positive impact on university reputation and students’ satisfaction, influencing students’ loyalty. Furthermore, university reputation was also a mediator to moderate the relationship between university brand image and students’ satisfaction. Consequently, managerial implications considered branding and brand image management as a necessary strategy that universities should conduct to attract students, differentiate and create competitive advantages.

USE OF ONLINE INFORMATION BY THE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH STUDENTS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF RESEARCH DISTRICT LAHORE

Academics, especially research students, are increasingly using online data assets (OIRs). According to statistics, MS students and college and university graduates both decide how frequently they use social networking platforms. The file also reveals that one of the most popular reasons college students apply to University Research University College is a "passion for evaluating data." Online reporting resources have appeared since the inception of the Internet, and these resources are becoming more and more well-liked among Internet users, particularly academics, researchers, and college students. These online knowledge sources have positive influence on Pakistan's study lifestyle as well. As a result, Pakistan has a more suited research culture. To do this, consider reading record ownership forms online; learn about the OIRs' offer and amount of importance; access to styles; access to methods; and the applicability of various types. With the study's goals in mind, quantitative study methods were used, and questionnaires were created to gather information from the respondents. A total of 18 people (60%) and 12 public universities (40 participants) took part in this poll. Out of 200 university studies, 16 (8% of the total) are from public institutions, and 80 (forty
 %) are from non-public universities in the area. 104 with an average pattern size (fifty-two present). In terms of gender ratio, 94 (47%) of the respondents were male and 146 (73%) were female, which is a fair response. Facts took on a numerical form and included scales for nominal, ordinal, programming language, and length ratio. More statistical resources are available to research undergraduates at public research universities than at private institutions. They needed more possessions and more access to options for the investigation's direction and craft. Standard because, at this time, university students studying humanities, social sciences, and technology most frequently access patterns through search engines like yahoo and google.

International accreditation impacts on teaching and learning: Case of Vietnam non-public universities

The study examined the relationship between international education accreditation and teaching and learning improvement in four non-public Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Vietnam. With a qualitative multiple case approach, the study conducted in-depth interviews with 28 lecturers to collect data and then confirm the research model proposed. The study results showed that international accreditation has a positive impact on improving the learning and teaching activities in accredited programs of non-public universities, despite its burdensome, time and effort-consuming lecturers. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of accreditation by providing empirical evidence on the relationships between accreditation and teaching and learning and lecturer engagement. This study also provides valuable implications regarding quality assurance for researchers, university managers, policymakers, and lecturers.

QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION ONLINE TRAINING, STUDENT SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. A VIETNAMESE PERSPECTIVE

The study aims to test the online training quality scale and examine the relationship between training quality, satisfaction, and loyalty of online students. The results of CFA analysis on a survey sample of 300 online students of public and non-public universities in Hanoi city. The online training quality scale includes five components: (1) quality of information systems (2) quality of faculty, (3) effectiveness of online learning, (4) student satisfaction, and (5) student loyalty. Furthermore, the results of SEM analysis show that the quality of the information system, the quality of the lecturers, and the effectiveness of online learning all have an indirect relationship to loyalty, and directly for satisfaction, and anthropological factors are time and place of residence affect learners’ satisfaction.

Perceptions of Justice and Its Impact on Work Motivation among Lecturers at Universities in Hanoi, Vietnam

Purpose: The study had the fundamental purpose of investigating perceptions of justice and its impact on work motivation among university lectures in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methodology/Approach/Design: A quantitative research approach was employed with survey questionnaire as a data collection tool. To achieve the study objective, 416 lecturers who work at public and non-public universities in Hanoi were included in this study. The correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were applied to measure the relationship between the lecturers' perceptions of justice and their work motivation. Results: Findings indicated that perceptions of justice in payment, recognition, opportunities for promotion, the attitudes, and treatments of leaders had a significant and positive correlation with lecturers' work motivation. The study also showed that Vietnamese lecturers are more concerned with non-monetary than monetary compensation, such as promotions, training, and professional development opportunities. Practical Implications: This study presents implications for Vietnam’s higher education authorities. The results might be of interest for any project aiming at motivating faculty and improving their working conditions. Originality/Value: The originality of the study is in the exploration of perception of justice and its effect of lecturers’ motivation. It is recognized that providing a justice/fairness based environment will ensure that schools can motivate their lecturers.

Differences in the Perception of Organizational Culture in Non-Public Universities in Poland by Academic and Administrative Staff – A Study Based on Cameron and Quinn's Model

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present differences in the perception of current and desired organizational culture between two different types of workers – academic and administrative staff – in non-public universities in Poland. A synthetic review of the literature on organizational culture at universities and the workplace attitudes of the two groups of university employees was conducted and presented. Research in the form of a survey based on Cameron and Quinn's model was conducted in three non-public universities in Poland. A sample of opinions of 115 workers was gathered and analyzed. It was found in the study that according to academic workers, the present culture was market culture, whereas for administrative workers, it was hierarchy culture. Both groups chose clan culture as the preferred culture. The findings may be useful for higher education decision makers in their attempts to transform universities into market-oriented, yet friendly workplaces. The study's limitations include a relatively small sample of respondents. A further, more comprehensive research into the subject will be worth conducting.

The Effects of Human Resources Management on Developing Teachers of Non-Public Universities in Vietnam

Human resources management in Private Universities have a big impact on the development of human resources for lecturers in universities. Human resources management mainly affect the development of resourse of lecures in a university, which can be divided into the 8 functions: Recruitment, arrangement and utilization of lecturers, working environment, human resource development policy, remuneration and compensation policy, training and development, school information communication, and school budget. Among these 8 factors, recruitment has the biggest influence and human resource development policy has the smallest influence on the development of the university’s faculty. Based on the research results, the author has given some recommendations about managing human to promote the development of faculty in private universities.

Wykorzystanie mediów społecznościowych w komunikacji marketingowej polskich uczelni wyższych

The Use of Social Media in Marketing Communication of Polish Universities Social media has revolutionized communication between the sender and recipient of media messages. Thus, it is barely surprising that Polish universities use social media to communicate with Gen Y and Gen Z – generations whose members do not remember life without the Internet and social media. The goal of this article is to analyze the activity of Polish universities in social media, including Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Snapchat, and TikTok. The analysis was based on quantitative empirical research, embracing all universities in Poland. The study included variables such as the size of the university, location of the university, and ownership structure (public and non-public universities). The results proved that Facebook remains the primary communication tool for Polish universities, and its position seems to be unbeatable. On the other hand, Polish universities still do not communicate on TikTok or Snapchat, which is a missed opportunity to come into being in portals addressed to the younger generation. The most popular innovative tool in extensive use is chatbots. The most important variable explaining different communication patterns was the size of the university, but – in case of some – portals, we discovered other significant relationships.