Non-profit Organizations Sector Research Articles

ORGANIZATIONAL AND MANAGERIAL ASPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECTS IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL CHARITY

The article deals with organizational and managerial problems of projects in the field of medical charity. The development of the sector of non-profit organizations in the medical field today is due to the fact that the effective activity of the state is ensured by the stable development of the social sphere. The importance of charitable projects in the field of medicine is one of the important resources aimed at increasing the availability of medical care to needy categories of citizens around the world. Accessibility of medical care is achieved due to a complex of factors, among which a significant role is given to the capabilities of medical organizations themselves. Due to the fact that financial support has its limitations, charitable projects in the medical field become a resource that allows you to regulate the availability of medical care. The activities of charitable organizations in the medical field in modern conditions require the involvement of significant resources and the formation of an organizational and managerial mechanism for the development of projects in the field of assistance to those in need. The analysis of organizational and managerial aspects of the development of projects in the field of medical charity and the development of proposals for improving the activities of charitable organizations are the purpose of this work.

Implementation of ‘Hablumminannas’ as Islamic value budget planning in non profit organization: phenomenological studies

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to exsplore the implementation of Hablumminannas as a budget planning in Non-profit organization in Indonesian and to determine the preferences of the others non-profit organization to operate their business circle.Method - This study uses a phenomenological approach. In obtaining some information, the researcher used the interview method addressed to 15 informants who were at PT. Serkolinas Aman Nusantara spread throughout Indonesia.Result - The results of this study, top management and members of the organization know more about what are the top priorities in determining strategies to improve organizational performance and no one member of the organization feels disadvantaged in accordance with what is recommended by the Qoran, that the concept of Hablumminannas must always prioritize good relations with others.Implication - Especially in the non-profit organization sector so that they are in accordance with the guidelines of Islamic Values Hablumminannas.Originality - Provide detailed understanding of the implementation of budget planning through the Islamic values of Hablumminannas which are principled not to harm others through a phenomenological approach to non-profit organizations in Indonesia.

Human Resources Practices in Non-profit Organizations: Evidence from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are essential to the economic planning process in Saudi Arabia. This study examines the Human Resource (HR) practices of Saudi Arabian non-profit organizations. It is based on a primary survey administered to 201 employees of the four types of existing non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Saudi Arabia (Qur'an Memorization Society, Dawah Society, Specialized Society, and Development Committee) using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was intended for the eight existing HR practices: work design, HR planning, polarization, selection, training and development, motivation, performance evaluation, and job satisfaction. The ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were performed on the eight segments of the HR instruments to investigate the perspectives of HR professionals in the NPO sector. The findings of the study indicate that the HR practices are moderated by the gender, age, education, and years of experience of the employees. The work design has the highest awareness among the employees, with a mean of 4.05, while job satisfaction has the lowest awareness, with a mean of 3.18 on a 5-point scale. A correlation between HR practices shows that work design improves performance evaluation, polarization affects HR planning, and training and development influence performance evaluation.

Cluster analysis of charitable organizations of Ukraine using K-means technology

The work is devoted to the issue of segmentation of charitable organizations for structuring the sector of non-profit organizations of Ukraine using cluster analysis tools using software R for automated data processing. The four-cluster and five-cluster models were constructed using the K-means method, the suitability for clustering of which was checked using the Hopkins’ Index (H statistics). The developed four-cluster model demonstrated a significant level of validity in terms of correspondence between data and the stability of their structure. The basic indicators of financial and economic activity of charitable organizations were used as criteria for clustering: the number of staff, charitable assistance received and funds spent on the maintenance of the organization in the reporting period. It was found that the clusters of charitable organizations of Ukraine differ in the scale of activity, the number of funds raised, the number of costs for their own maintenance and the relationship between these indicators. The study demonstrated the existence in Ukraine of the most influential cluster of local charities that address social issues exclusively at the regional level, due to the small financial resources involved to support their activities. Such organizations are system-creating for the entire nonprofit sector in Ukraine, their importance is manifested in the most rapid response to the needs of recipients through the implementation of small charitable projects.

Assessment of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Risks in a Nonprofit Organization

Nonprofit organizations (NPOs) handle enormous sums of cash and routinely transfer monies across countries. NPOs have historically functioned under fewer formal regulatory controls and a less rigorous administrative and financial management style. Criminal and terrorist misuse is said to be more likely in the industry. The abuse of nonprofits by terrorist entities has a long history, business, and financial indicators. They are often utilizing in industries where prevention is critical. Indicators can improve forewarning, allowing for the mitigation of dangers before they materialize or detecting existing misuse. Numerous elements were founded in the case studies that showed that an NPO was being abused or was at high risk of being abused. These elements have been compiled in this chapter to assist all stakeholders, including nonprofits, government actors, financial institutions, and designated non-financial businesses or professions (DNFBPs), in identifying and investigating potential cases of abuse within a specific NPO the more significant NPO sector. While the list of indicators provided here is extensive and global in scope, it is not exhaustive; there are likely to be additional indications peculiar to certain settings found within specific national jurisdictions, as per FATF Recommendation 1 (national risk assessment).

Measuring of Goodwill in Non-profit Organizations under the conditions of Globalization: The Case of Slovak Republic

Research background: Both the creation and quantification of goodwill are interdisciplinary issues affecting accounting, economics, law, marketing, sociology and human resources. In both economic theory and practice, goodwill is the difference between the market and the book value of an enterprise. Purpose of the article: With the acceleration of globalization, the economic aspects of which are the logical consequence of the increasing interdependence of individual economies towards the end of the second half of the 20th century, the importance of building and managing goodwill as a competitive advantage through business activities and internationally is increasing. These facts should be more highlighted and stronger in the sector of non-profit organizations. Because of their mission, vision and character of their business. The main aim of the paper is to capture the value of goodwill in the sector of non-profit organizations in the Slovak Republic. Methods: As a testing data will be used 72 non-profit organizations from Slovak Republic. In this sample will be quantified the value of their goodwill by residual income methods. Residual income assumes the value of goodwill as a difference between net income and the product of the cost of equity and the book value of equity. Findings & Value added: Paper findings will bring the view on the possibility of measuring goodwill in the sector of non-profit organizations under the conditions of globalizations with the emphasis on the application of residual income method in the case of Slovak Republic.

Inside "Pandora's Box" of Solidarity: Conflicts Between Paid Staff and Volunteers in the Non-profit Sector.

Non-profit organizations (NPOs) are quite complex in terms of organizational structure, diversity at the workplace, as well as motivational mechanisms and value rationality. Nevertheless, from the perspective of organizational psychology, the systematic analysis of this context is scarce in the literature, particularly regarding conflicts. This qualitative study analyzes types, prevalence, and consequences of conflicts in a large NPO considering as theoretical framework several consolidated organizational psychology theories: conflict theory, social comparison theory, and equity theory. Conflicts were analyzed taking into account volunteers’ perspective, who have been the consistent protagonist in NPO research, but also considering paid staff’s perspective as one of the main stakeholders in these organizations, whose relative power has increased in the past decade due to the professionalization of the NPO’s sector. Results confirmed the existence of four types of conflicts: task, process, status, and relationship conflicts. Relationship conflict is the least reported type, revealing the protection factor that values and engagement with a social aim have on this organizational context. The most relevant finding is the strong difference between paid staff and volunteers in conflict perceptions, showing paid staff, overall, higher levels of conflicts than volunteers. Findings also show stronger negative consequences for paid staff compared to volunteers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Intellectual Capital and its Importance to the Non-Profit Organizations Sector

The importance of intellectual capital becomes one of the main subjects that have been recently tackled by various studies for its importance to almost all organizations, industries, sectors and countries. Intellectual capital by the non-competitive feature encourages non-profit organizations to take benefit through knowledge exchange in the knowledge economy. In contrast, there are limited efforts focused on non-profit organizations from the perspective of intellectual capital. Thus, the major goal of this paper is to disseminating more research papers that relevant in the field of organizations sector that nonprofit through critical review of literature. The results of this paper adds a new addition in the field of intellectual capital in the non-profit organizations sector, through the embraces an eclectic mix of methodologies and topics.

Do State Characteristics That Would Affect Public Perceptions Matter in Charitable Contributions? An Empirical Analysis of Nursing Homes

Nonprofit organizations rely on private donations as a source of funding. As a result, this paper examines the effects of factors that shape public perceptions about nonprofits, such as nonprofit organizations’ professionalism and performance and their awareness of needs, on charitable giving from private donors. Because giving is likely to depend on particular characteristics of a sector, the analysis was limited to one sector of nonprofit organizations, nursing homes. The empirical results, based on 8-year panel data, suggest nursing home characteristics that affect private donations to this sector. This research is beneficial to scholars and practitioners who are interested in learning more about private giving. Policy implications are also discussed in detail. Subscribe to JNEL

How to Interconnect Universities with Nonprofit Organizations for Service-Learning: A German Approach

This article aims to foster faculty understanding of civil society and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) as potential service-learning partners for universities. The authors describe the sociological and economic characteristics of civil society and NPOs in Germany, then offer proposals for how faculty at German universities can approach civil society organizations. The outcomes of these proposed approaches, the authors argue, are comparable and applicable to the NPO sector in other countries with developed civil societies. The presented strategies serve as inspirations for faculty and show the existing intertconnections between universities and civil society. The article may help universities to realize the potentials of service-learning collaboration with NPOs.

Drivers of Twitter as a strategic communication tool for non-profit organizations

Purpose In view of the increased impact of social media, non-profit organizations (NPOs) should review their management model for stakeholder relationships. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of factors on the use of Twitter by NPOs as a mechanism for disclosing information and dialogue with their stakeholders, and in particular: “donor dependence,” “fundraising expenses,” “organizational age,” “organizational size,” “online community size,” “network activity” and “board size.” Design/methodology/approach A content analysis of Twitter use as a strategic communication tool was conducted and a multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. Findings Smaller organizations and those with a larger online community are the most interested in implementing Twitter as a one or two-way communication strategy. Likewise, the NPOs with the highest degree of donor dependence strive most in the use of contents of Twitter as one-way communication mechanism. Social implications This study contributes to a better understanding of social media implementation in the NPO sector and advances the identification of the main causes that motivate NPOs to improve their accountability through social media. Originality/value The paper’s subject is relatively innovative due to the scarce studies focussing on social media used by NPOs. In spite of the advantages offered by Twitter, few studies have specifically addressed NPOs’ current use of this platform, and fewer still have analyzed the factors that motivate them to use this tool.

Knowledge needs in the non-profit sector: an evidence-based model of organizational practices

Purpose – This paper aims to present findings from a study of non-profit organizations (NPOs), including a model of knowledge needs that can be applied by practitioners and scholars to further develop the NPO sector. Design/methodology/approach – A survey was conducted with NPOs operating in Canada and Australia. An analysis of survey responses identified the different types of knowledge essential for each organization. Respondents identified the importance of three pre-determined themes (quantitative data) related to knowledge needs, as well as a fourth option, which was a free text box (qualitative data). The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analyses and a grounded theory approach, respectively. Findings – Analysis of the quantitative data indicates that NPOs ' needs are comparable in both countries. Analysis of qualitative data identified five major categories and multiple sub-categories representing the types of knowledge needs of NPOs. Major categories are knowledge about management and organizational practices, knowledge about resources, community knowledge, sectoral knowledge and situated knowledge. The paper discusses the results using semantic proximity and presents an emergent, evidence-based knowledge management (KM)-NPO model. Originality/value – The findings contribute to the growing body of literature in the KM domain, and in the understudied research domain related to the knowledge needs and experiences of NPOs. NPOs will find the identified categories and sub-categories useful to undertake KM initiatives within their individual organizations. The study is also unique, as it includes data from two countries, Canada and Australia.

How does the corporate sector perceive non-profit organizations? Evidence from South Korea

Purpose – While non-profit organization (NPO)-corporate alliances have proliferated in recent years, study has yet to examine on the perception of corporations toward NPOs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors that shape corporate perceptions of NPOs. What does the corporation consider when evaluating the activities of an NPO? Which factors are accorded the most importance when the corporate sector observes the NPO sector? Design/methodology/approach – Corporate respondents generally held negative attitudes toward NPOs in terms of general activism functions. In contrast, they held neutral perceptions on trustworthiness. In factor analysis, the four factors that directed how corporate executives perceived activist groups were “positive functions of activists,” “negative aspects of organizational culture,” “trustworthy characteristics,” and “expected ethical management practices.” Findings – While the participating corporate executives expressed positive attitudes toward activists and the role that they play in society, they showed negative attitudes toward their management style and their organizational culture. In particular, they expressed negative perceptions of the activists’ perceived elitism in their management style and internally oriented approach to the decision-making process. Originality/value – Empirical evidence gathered in this study could shed light on how public relations professionals at NPOs build and maintain relationships with corporate sector, which has resources to support organization financially as well as emotionally.

The size, characteristics and partnership networks of the health-related non-profit sector in three regions of South Africa: implications of changing primary health care policy for community-based care

Health-related community-based care in South Africa is mostly provided through non-profit organizations (NPOs), but little is known about the sector. In the light of emerging government policy on greater formalization of community-based care in South Africa, this article assesses the size, characteristics and partnership networks of health-related NPOs in three South African communities and explores implications of changing primary health care policy for this sector. Data were collected (2009-11) from three sites: Khayelitsha (urban), Botshabelo (semi-rural) and Bushbuckridge (semi/deep rural). Separate data sources were used to identify all health-related NPOs in the sites. Key characteristics of identified NPOs were gathered using a standardized tool. A typology of NPOs was developed combining level of resources (well, moderate, poor) and orientation of activities ('Direct service', 'Developmental' and/or 'Activist'). Network analysis was performed to establish degree and density of partnerships among NPOs. The 138 NPOs (n = 56 in Khayelitsha, n = 47 in Bushbuckridge; n = 35 in Botshabelo) were mostly local community-based organizations (CBOs). The main NPO orientation was 'Direct service' (n = 120, 87%). Well- and moderately resourced NPOs were successful at combining orientations. Most organizations with an 'Activist' orientation were urban. No poorly resourced organizations had this orientation. Well-resourced organizations with an 'Activist' orientation were highly connected in Khayelitsha NPO networks, while poorly resourced CBOs were marginalized. A contrasting picture emerged in Botshabelo where CBOs were highly connected. Networks in Bushbuckridge were fragmented and linear. The NPO sector varies geographically in numbers, resources, orientation of activities and partnership networks. NPOs may perform important developmental roles and strong potential for social capital may reside in organizational networks operating in otherwise impoverished environments. A uniform approach to policy implementation may not accommodate variations in the NPO sector. Considerations for adaptation may be necessary in light of the observed differences between urban and rural settings.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002 And Non-Profit Organizations

<p style="text-align: justify; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">The United States (US) has the unique record of having the largest sector of Non-Profit Organizations (NPO) in the world, comprising of over one million NPOs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>The participation of Americans in philanthropic activities is unparalleled in the world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>In recent years, NPOs received over $1.5 trillion in revenues as reported by the Internal Revenue Service. These charitable organizations contribute immensely towards improving the lives of disadvantageous people.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>However, the huge NPO sector of our economy has been plagued recently with a deluge of corporate financial scandals similar to the scandals in corporations in the for-profit sector, such as Enron, WorldCom and Tyco. The misappropriations of funds involved over 150 NPOs, including world renowned organizations such as Red Cross and United Way.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>The embezzled funds amounted to over $1 billion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>The US Congress reacted quickly and vehemently to such scandals in the for-profit corporations with the enactment of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), with far reaching consequences to the American business organizations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>The rigorous provisions of SOX did not extend to Non-Profit Organizations except in two specific areas – whistleblower protection and retention of documents for verification.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>However, the present flood of NPO scandals triggered a bevy of SOX-like proposals for laws for Non-Profit Organizations as well, in the US Congress and in many state legislatures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Some states have already passed such laws.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>This paper presents a brief description of the NPO scandals, the ongoing proposals of SOX-like laws for NPOs in several states and their impact on the future governance of the NPOs.</span></span></p>

Non‐profit education providers vis‐à‐vis the private sector: comparative analysis of non‐governmental organizations and traditional voluntary organizations in Pakistan

Under the New Policy Agenda, international development institutions have promoted non‐profit organizations (NPOs) in developing countries, on a dual logic: firstly, they deliver social services more efficiently than the state; secondly, they mitigate equity concerns around privatization of basic social services by reaching out to the poor. Based on a survey of twenty prominent non‐profit education providers in Pakistan, this paper illustrates that the NPO sector is not monolithic: non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the education sector under the patronage of international donors follow markedly different models of education provision to those of Traditional Voluntary Organizations (TVOs) reliant on domestic donations. While the social service ethos of the TVOs makes them distinct from the private sector, it is not the case with the NGOs: their model of education provision, rather than meeting the education needs of the poor, ends up cultivating markets for the private sector among poor communities.

From Charity to Citizenship NPOs in Taiwan

This paper examines the historical formation of non-profit organizations (NPOs) in Taiwan. The charity discourse has been dominated among NPOs due to the Confucian and Buddhist traditions in the early twentieth century and reinforced by Western Christian charity organizations during the U.S. aid in the Cold War period. During the Nationalist government period, NPO was a means of social control for the so-called strongman authoritarian state. The political democratization since the mid 1980s has initiated a process of rapid expansion for the NPO sector as a sign for the emerging civil society. NPOs aimed at administrative advocacy and legislative lobby mark the birth of an autonomous civil society. These NPOs adopt citizenship discourse in their formation of group identity. Cases are presented and discussed to illustrate the particularity of each stage. As NPOs become significant players in public domain, the tension and struggle between civil society and state apparatus increase. The privatization strategy of social services by the state may have the effect of re-colonizing civil society.

Substantial Increase in Cadaveric Organ Transplantation in Greece for the Period 2001–2005

The Hellenic Transplant Organization (HTO), a nonprofit organization sector of the Greek Ministry of Health, was officially established in 1999. Since March 2001, HTO has been responsible for donation and transplantation processes in Greece and organ sharing between Greece and other European countries. The organization’s main tasks are: donor referral, charting, donor assessment, organ evaluation, organ allocation and transplantation. Today, the results show increased success rates to previously believed unthinkable levels. Precisely, the percentage of referred versus used cadaveric donors increased by 468% and 134%, respectively. Cadaveric kidney transplantation has also shown remarkable progress with a 126% increase during the same period. Similarly, liver transplantation showed a threefold rise (89%) during the same time. Unfortunately, heart and lung transplantations remain low, thus preventing statistical conclusions to be drawn. Although Greece in previous years had the lowest donor and transplantation rates per million population, its position compared with other European countries is expected to rise significantly this year. Undoubtedly, the numbers and percentages compared to previous years are due to the radical changes implemented by the HTO, by introducing transplant coordination principles and procurement management, which were concepts not previously established in Greece. However, there are still major obstacles, such as intensivists’ refusal to disconnect, inaccessible geographical locations, few transplant centers, and society’s suspicion of organ donation concept, that still need attention. Nevertheless, the first step has been taken and other European countries standards will hopefully be attained soon.

Saving in Life Insurance and Pension Funds: Some Problems of Economic Interpretation

The monumental work of Raymond Goldsmith and his associates in A Study of Saving' has stimulated and made feasible a good deal of research on the components of aggregate saving and their behavior. Earlier work of Goldsmith, in fact, has led to the publication on a regular basis by the Securities and Exchange Commission of estimates of financial saving by individuals; these data are published in the SEC Statistical Bulletin and reprinted by the Department of Commerce in conjunction with the national income accounts. A similar body of data is published quarterly by the Federal Reserve Board as part of the Flow of Funds accounts. This easy availability of statistics on such an important topic makes it essential that economists be aware of any implications of the statistical definitions which limit seriously the kinds of uses to which the data can be put. As it happens, the conceptual basis of some of the components (such as currency and demand deposit accumulations) are straightforward, and should cause little or no difficulty in use. Those components representing saving through the form of life insurance and pension funds, on the other hand, rest on definitions which are statistically convenient, but have properties which render them misleading for certain kinds of analysis. The SEC series and the Flow of Funds series both adopt changes in reserves behind life insurance policies and pension funds as the appropriate measures of saving through that form. This definition is reasonable for purposes of studying the volume of saving actually done, but is not very helpful if one wishes to study the economic factors which influence the volume of saving in these forms. Irwin Friend noted that the series on life insurance saving (under SEC definitions) was the only component of individual saving which exhibited a fairly stable relationship to income in the prewar period.2 This difference between the behavior of life insurance saving as measured and other forms of saving is largely a consequence of the definition used. Saving in life insurance and pension funds can be defined in many ways; like all definitions, there are no correct ones. The choice among alternative definitions becomes complicated when as is the case in saving in life insurance or pension funds, the underlying process is complicated; subtle differences among definitions can then lead to markedly different results. Saving through life insurance and pension funds, as measured by the Flow of Funds, has accounted for more than one-third of the net acquisition of financial assets by the consumer and non-profit organization sector; similar orders of magnitude are found for these components in the SEC totals of gross financial saving by individuals. Since these components form so great a proportion of the total, it seems essential that the eco* Some of the research for this study was performed during my tenure as a Summer Research Fellow of the Travelers' Insurance Company. The paper itself was written while I was at the Johns Hopkins University. I am indebted to a number of people for helpful comments, especially Richard Leggett, Peter G. Plumley, and Scott Nielsen, all of the Travelers'; and Albert G. Whitney, James J. O'Leary, Yehuda Kotowitz, and Edwin S. Mills. Special thanks are due to the Life Insurance Agency Management Association for permission to use unpublished data. 1 Raymond W. Goldsmith, A Study of Saving in the United States, 3 vols. (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1955-56). 2 Irwin Friend, with Vito Natrella, Individual's Saving: Volume and Composition (New York: J oh n Wiley a nd Sons, Inc., 1954), p. 148.