Non-obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Group Research Articles

Evaluation of sestrin 2 and tribbles homolog 3 levels in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

This study was designed to evaluate the relationship of two new biomarkers [tribbles homolog 3 (TRB3) and sestrin 2 levels], which were previously associated with obesity, with metabolic parameters in obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This cross-sectional case control study was conducted between September 2017 and August 2019 in the gynecology department of a tertiary referral hospital. The values of the plasma sestrin 2, TRB3, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were compared in 90 obese women with PCOS (BMI > 30), 90 women with nonobese PCOS (BMI < 30), and 90 control patients (BMI < 30). The mean age of the study group consisting of all PCOS patients (26.11 ± 4.64 years) and the mean age of the control group (26.3 ± 4.4 years) were statistically similar (p = 0.239). The serum sestrin 2 values of the obese PCOS group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the control and non-obese PCOS groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.0001), while the sestrin 2 values of the nonobese PCOS group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.0001). The TRB3 values of the control group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the obese and nonobese PCOS groups (p = 0.0001), while the TRB3 values of the nonobese PCOS group were found to be statistically significantly lower than the obese PCOS group (p = 0.0001). A negative correlation was observed between the sestrin 2 level and BMI (r = -0.272 p = 0.0001), insulin (r = -0.261 p = 0.0001), and HOMA-IR levels (r = -0.250 p = 0.0001). A positive correlation was observed between the TRB3 values and TG (r = 0.248 p = 0.0001), and LDL-C values (r = 0.235 p = 0.0001). According to the findings in this study, low sestrin 2 and high TRB3 levels may be related to impaired metabolic status in the obese PCOS group. Thus, it may be promising for the development of treatment of PCOS and associated metabolic disorder in the future.

Correlation between kisspeptin and biochemical markers in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction The purpose of this study was to determine the association between kisspeptin levels and obesity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or in healthy controls and to explore the correlation between levels of kisspeptin and various endocrine and metabolic indices in each group. Methods From August 2020 to December 2021, the clinical data of 78 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and 78 healthy individuals were collected. The two groups were further divided into obese and non-obese groups based on a BMI cutoff of 25. Serum kisspeptin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between PCOS and kisspeptin levels. Results The weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) of the obese PCOS group were significantly higher than those of the study group (p < .05). WC, kisspeptin, triglycerides (TG), glucose (GLU), alanine amiotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid (UA), E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and T in the non-obese PCOS group were higher than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < .05). Levels of E2 and TG in the obese PCOS group were significantly higher than those in the non-obese PCOS group (p < .05). Kisspeptin levels in the PCOS group exhibited a significant positive correlation with LH, T, and AMH levels; kisspeptin level positively correlated with T in the non-obese PCOS group and with anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in the obese PCOS group. Conclusion Serum kisspeptin levels are associated with hormone levels in patients with PCOS. Kisspeptin correlates with distinct biochemical indices in obese versus non-obese groups, indicating that kisspeptin may play a role in the prognostication, treatment, and clinical evaluation of patients with varying BMI.

Up-regulation of miR-133a-3p promotes ovary insulin resistance on granulosa cells of obese PCOS patients via inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling

BackgroundMicroRNAs are a type of non-coding single-stranded RNA, which is involved in the regulation of ovary insulin resistance (IR). This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of miR-133a-3p regulating ovary IR in obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsGranulosa cells (GCs) were extracted from follicular fluids of PCOS patients (obese PCOS group and non-obese PCOS group) and healthy women (control group). The expression of miR-133a-3p in GCs was detected by qRT-PCR. The targets and pathways of miR-133a-3p were predicted by bioinformatics analyses. The protein levels of PI3K, p-AKT, GLUT4, p-GSK-3β, and p-FOXO1 were measured by Western blotting.ResultsMiR-133a-3p was highly expressed in GCs from PCOS patients, especially in obese PCOS patients. The protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT was downregulated in GCs from PCOS patients. There were 11 target genes of miR-133a-3p enriching in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. miR-133a-3p mimic downregulated the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, and GLUT4, and upregulated the protein levels of p-GSK-3β and p-FOXO1. miR-133a-3p inhibitor presented the opposite effect of miR-133a-3p mimic.ConclusionMiR-133a-3p promotes ovary IR on GCs of obese PCOS patients via inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study lays a foundation for further research on the mechanism of ovary IR in obese PCOS patients.

Assessment of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, mean platelet volume in obese, and nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation.This was a retrospective case–control study.In the present study, the risk coefficients of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and mean platelet volume (MPV) in obese patients with PCOS were determined. This study was designed to investigate NLR, hs-CRP, and MPV levels in 68 obese patients with PCOS and 44 nonobese patients with PCOS, and our study group was matched with 47 obese and 43 nonobese controls, respectively.PCOS group had higher MPV, NLR, insulin, glucose, and HOMA-IR rates than those of the controls. Subgroup analyses revealed that the obese PCOS group had higher NLR, hs-CRP, and MPV levels compared to those of controls. The obese PCOS group had higher NLR, hs-CRP, and MPV levels compared to those of the nonobese PCOS group. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of those variables (NLR, hs-CRP, MPV) were found significant (P < .05). NLR, hs-CRP, and MPV variables were found statistically significant in the analysis of receiver operating characteristics.Our study demonstrated that NLR, hs-CRP, and MPV levels are increased in patients with obese PCOS.

Role of Oxidative Stress in Obese and Nonobese PCOS Patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the oxidant-antioxidant status, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome risk in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods Forty-five obese (BMI >30 kg/m2) woman diagnosed with PCOS in the study, forty-five nonobese (BMI <30 kg/m2) PCOS diagnosis working groups, and forty-nine healthy control groups were created with patients. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels with antioxidant activities, such as SOD, GSH, GPx, and CAT activities, were measured by spectrophotometry. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean serum MDA level in the obese PCOS group compared to the nonobese group and the control group (p < 0.001). When the antioxidant parameters, such as SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT, were compared with the healthy control group, nonobese, and obese PCOS groups, the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between MDA and BMI, triglyceride, LDL, SBP, DBP, and HOMA-IR in the PCOS patient group. Conclusion Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant parameters in PCOS patients were correlated with hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia findings, and we think that this oxidative stress condition may contribute to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases in PCOS patients.

Do serum hepassocin levels change in women with polycystic ovary syndrome?

BackgroundInsulin resistance is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), especially in obese patients. Hepassocin is a peptid marker which increases in obesity and insulin resistance. ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate hepassocin levels in patients with PCOS in this study. MethodsThis prospective case-control study was conducted with a total of 60 patients with PCOS and age-matched 30 healthy women with body mass index < 30. Patients with PCOS were classified as obese PCOS and non-obese PCOS according to their BMI. Hepassocin levels were measured by using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. A multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine independent factors related to hepassocin levels. ResultsHepassocin levels of the obese-PCOS group were found significantly higher than non-obese PCOS and control group (6.95 ± 3.59, 2.69 ± 2.51, 2.66 ± 2.22, respectively, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in hepassocin levels between control and non-obese PCOS group (p = 0.99). Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was independently associated with hepassocin concentrations after adjusting for age, low density lipoprotein C (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein C (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and C reactive protein (CRP). ConclusionObese patients with PCOS exhibited high serum levels of hepassocin. HOMA-IR index was found as the independent variable associated with high levels of hepassocin. Hepassocin can be used as a simple and easy way of detecting insulin resistance in obese patients with PCOS.

Analysis of Endocrine and Metabolic Indexes in Non-Obese Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Compare with Obese Patients.

PurposeTo compare the endocrine and metabolic indexes of obese and normal body mass index (BMI) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and explore factors affecting the pathogenesis and progression of PCOS.MethodsThis study included obese (n=79) and normal BMI (n=40) PCOS patients, and obese (n=30) and normal BMI (n=30) non-PCOS controls. Blood glucose, insulin (INS), blood lipids, sex hormones, and other metabolic and endocrine indicators were measured, and the correlations between the indicators were analyzed.ResultsHOMA-IR, 0min INS, 60min INS, 120min INS, 180min INS, FAI, TG, TC, LDL-C and sd-LDL in obese PCOS group were higher, while SHBG, LH, LH/FSH and HDL-C were lower than those in normal weight PCOS group (P <0.05). 120min PBG, HOMA-IR, FAI, T, LH, LH/FSH, AMH, TC and LDL-C in obese PCOS group were higher than those in obese control group (P <0.05). 0min PBG, 60min PBG, 120min PBG, 180min PBG, 0min INS, 60min INS, 120min INS, 180min INS, HOMA-IR, LH, LH/FSH and T in normal weight PCOS group were higher than those in normal weight control group (P <0.05). In both normal weight group and obesity group, HOMA-IR entered the regression equation with FAI as dependent variable, and the absolute value of HOMA-IR standardized partial regression coefficient was higher than that of hs-CRP and AMH. In PCOS patients, FAI in the obese and non-obese PCOS groups was positively correlated with HOMA-IR.ConclusionEndocrine metabolic disorders in women with PCOS were more obvious than that in women with non-PCOS with matched BMI. The abnormality of glucose and lipid metabolism in obese PCOS patients is more serious than that in PCOS patients with normal BMI. Both obese and normal BMI PCOS patients were affected by hyperinsulinemia, and IR may play a key role in the pathogenesis and development of PCOS.

Serum X-box-binding protein 1 levels in PCOS patients

Objective X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) is a possible indicator of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum XBP1 levels and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Method A prospective observational study was conducted with 88 patients. The first group was defined as the control group with ovulatory and normal-BMI patients (n = 28). The second group comprised of nonobese PCOS patients (n = 30). The third group included overweight/obese patients with PCOS (n = 30). Fasting plasma glucose, serum lipids, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and XBP1 levels l were evaluated in all groups. Results There was a significant difference in XBP1 levels between the study groups, and higher levels were observed both in the nonobese and obese PCOS groups than in the healthy controls (p < .001). The median level of XBP1 was 73.7 pg/ml in the control group, 114.11 pg/ml in the nonobese PCOS group, and 151.61 pg/ml in the overweight/obese PCOS group. A cutoff level of XBP1 at 95.79 pg/ml level was determined with a significant AUC (area under the curve) level of 99% and high specificity and sensitivity rates to predict PCOS. Also, a significant positive correlation was observed between XBP1 levels and BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels (p < .05). Conclusions XBP1 levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients, particularly in overweight/obese PCOS patients, than in the controls. Also, the parameters associated with metabolic syndrome were related to XBP1 levels.

The Prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Metabolic Abnormalities and Its Association With Obesity in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study in an Urban Population in Iran

The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents is clinically challenging. It is on the rise as consistent with the increasing trends in obesity rates. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PCOS in adolescents by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria and compare the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS) between obese (OB) and non-obese (NOB) adolescents with PCOS. This was cross-sectional research with multi-stage cluster random sampling. Participants were 15-18-year-old girls from high schools in Semnan, Iran. The ones who had a history of menstrual dysfunction underwent clinical and hormonal tests. From among a total of 900 participants, 74 girls (8.2%) had a history of menstrual dysfunction. The prevalence of PCOS was 6.44% by NIH criteria. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism, MS, and IR in girls with PCOS were 8(13.7%), 6(10.3%), 24(41.4%), respectively. The OB-PCOS group with a mean BMI of 28.21±1.26 kg/m2 had a significantly greater prevalence of MS, high BP, waist circumference ≥88 cm, and higher IR than NOB-PCOS cases with a mean BMI of 20.54±2.97 kg/m2. Abnormal glucose metabolism was prevalent in adolescents with PCOS and occurred with equal frequency in OB and NOB PCOS groups. Obesity could worsen IR, MS, and some of the components of Mets in PCOS adolescents.

A Comparative Study of Blood Levels of Manganese, Some Macroelements and Heavy Metals in Obese and Non-Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent condition in women of reproductive age. It is characterized by androgen excess and chronic anovulation. Some trace elements, macroelements, and heavy metals have been linked to pathophysiological mechanisms of PCOS .&#x0D; To study the alterations in the serum levels of the trace element manganese (Mn), some macroelements, magnesium(Mg) and calcium (Ca), and the heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), in obese and non-obese PCOS patients; and the association of these alterations with some of the hormonal changes occurring in PCOS.&#x0D; The study was carried out at Kamal Al-Samarrai Hospital (Center for Infertility treatment and in vitro Fertilization "IVF") Baghdad- Iraq. Eighty-two women were enrolled in the study. Fifty-four of them were diagnosed by a specialist gynecologist as PCOS patients; they were subdivided into two subgroups according to their body mass index (BMI); twenty-seven obese PCOS patients with BMI &gt; 30 kg/m2, and another twenty seven non obese patients PCOS with BMI &lt;30 kg/m2. Whereas, twenty-eight apparently healthy women with regular menstruation and of comparable age, were selected to serve as control groups; they were subdivided into, fourteen obese women with BMI &gt; 30kg/m2, and fourteen non obese women with BMI &lt;30 kg/m2.&#x0D; Blood lead and cadmium levels were significantly higher in both of the obese and the non-obese PCOS groups, than in their corresponding control groups. While, serum magnesium, calcium and manganese levels were significantly lower in both of the obese and the non-obese PCOS groups, as compared to their corresponding control groups. The results revealed no significant difference in the levels of the measured elements, between the obese PCOS group and the non-obese PCOS group. The serum FSH levels was significantly lower in obese PCOS patients than in the obese and non-obese control groups. There was a positive correlation between blood lead and serum TSH levels in non-obese PCOS women; and between serum total testosterone and cadmium levels in obese PCOS women. Finally, there was negative correlation between serum magnesium and serum LH levels in non-obese PCOS women.&#x0D; the study has demonstrated higher blood levels of lead and cadmium; and lower serum levels of magnesium, calcium and manganese in PCOS groups than control subject. There were no significant differences between obese PCOS women and non-obese PCOS women in the levels of the studied hormones, elements and heavy metals.

The link between metabolic features and TSH levels in polycystic ovary syndrome is modulated by the body weight: an euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp study.

To evaluate the link among thyroid function, glucose/insulin metabolism and steroid hormones in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to verify if the body mass index (BMI) might influence the interplay between PCOS features and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Case-control study conducted from January to December 2014. One-hundred fifty-four young women with PCOS, according to Rotterdam criteria, and 88 controls were enrolled in an academic research environment. Anthropometric evaluation, hormonal and lipid assays, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp were performed. Hirsutism was assessed with the Ferriman-Gallwey (FG) score. SCH was found in 14% of PCOS subjects and in 1% of controls (P < 0.01). In PCOS women, TSH levels were directly correlated with fasting glycaemia, but not with other hormonal and metabolic parameters. When PCOS patients were classified on the basis of BMI, TSH levels significantly correlated with insulin secretion, insulin resistance, DHEAS and cortisol levels in obese PCOS women. Inverse correlations were found between TSH and both oestradiol and SHBG in the same group. In nonobese PCOS patients, only waist-to-hip ratio values were correlated with TSH. The prevalence of SCH was not different between nonobese and obese PCOS groups (14 and 15% respectively). However, SCH was associated with higher levels of insulin, DHEAS, cortisol and FG score only in the obese subgroup. Our data confirm that the prevalence of SCH is increased in PCOS women. The presence of SCH is associated with endocrine and metabolic imbalances of PCOS, and the excessive body weight seems to promote this interplay.

Dynamic Thiol-Disulphide Status in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Association with the Pathogenesis of the Disease

Background/Aims: This study aims to examine the differences in plasma thiol-disulphide levels that are related to oxidative stress among obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their age/body mass index (BMI)-matched healthy controls. Methods: The participants were divided into 4 groups based on BMI (nonobese and obese). Serum thiol and disulphide levels were compared among groups. Results: Serum thiols were found higher in the obese PCOS group than those in the obese control group in the study (thiol: 407.33 ± 46.25 vs. 365.67 ± 67.03 µmol/l, p = 0.014). Disulphide levels were observed to be decreased in the obese PCOS group relative to its control (21.39 ± 1.33 vs. 23.53 ± 8.47 µmol/l, p = 0.021). Serum thiol levels were found to be higher in the nonobese PCOS group compared to nonobese controls (thiol: 434.7 ± 46.92 vs. 422.94 ± 46.61 µmol/l, p = 0.031). Significant differences of disulphide levels between the nonobese PCOS group and the nonobese control group were observed (18.07 ± 1.93 vs. 20.68 ± 3.79 µmol/l, p = 0.027). Conclusion: High antioxidant levels in women with PCOS may be related to either mechanisms involving anovulation, multiple follicular development, and apoptosis or to their compensatory system against oxidative load arising from obesity and overweightness.

The correlation of plasma omentin-1 with insulin resistance in non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome

ObjectivesAberrant circulating adipokines are considered to be related to the pathological mechanism of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study aims to evaluate the relationship between plasma omentin-1 levels, metabolic and hormonal parameters in the setting of non-obese Chinese women with PCOS. Material and methodsThis was a case-controlled, cross-sectional study of 153 non-obese (BMI<25kg/m2) PCOS and 114 age-matched healthy non-obese control individuals. Levels of plasma omentin-1, fasting blood glucose, insulin and sexual hormones and ovary volume were analyzed in all subjects. ResultsPlasma omentin-1 levels of non-obese PCOS individuals were significantly lower than in healthy non-obese controls. Body Mass Index (BMI), homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), levels of testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH/FSH ratio and ovary volume (OV) were significantly higher in subjects with PCOS than controls. In the HOMA-IR stratified subgroups, PCOS individuals with insulin resistance had lower omentin-1 than those without insulin resistance after BMI adjustment. Omentin-1 was negatively correlated with BMI, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin. Multiple linear regressions revealed that BMI contributed to omentin-1 levels. Ovary volume was negatively correlated to HOMA-IR but had no correlation with omentin-1. ConclusionsPlasma omentin-1 concentrations were decreased in the non-obese PCOS group. Insulin resistance could further decrease plasma omentin-1 in non-obese individuals with PCOS independent of BMI status.

NUCB2 gene polymorphism and its relationship with nesfatin-1 levels in polycystic ovary syndrome

Nesfatin-1, encoded by the nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2) gene, is an anorexigenic protein related to energy metabolism, obesity, and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate NUCB2 gene polymorphism (rs757081) and its association with serum levels of nesfatin-1 in obese and non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the study population, we analyzed 60 patients with PCOS and 26 age-matched healthy women as controls. The patients with PCOS were divided into two groups based on body mass index (BMI): obese group (n = 28) or non-obese group (n = 32). NUCB2 was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction (PCR) technique. Serum nesfatin-1 level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nesfatin-1 levels in the obese PCOS group were significantly lower than those in the non-obese PCOS and control groups (p < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of NUCB2 genotypes among the groups (p > 0.05), whereas nesfatin-1 levels in the CC and CG genotypes were lower than those in the GG genotype. Nesfatin-1 decreases in PCOS, especially in obese women, and is negatively correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Although genotype disturbances of NUCB2 were similar among the groups, CC and CG genotypes accompanied lower nesfatin-1 levels. C allele of NUCB2 gene polymorphism and nesfatin-1 may play a role in the pathophysiology of PCOS.

Common Variant rs9939609 in Gene FTO Confers Risk to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

BackgroundFat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) has been associated with obesity, especially the common variant rs9939609. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder and over 50% of patients are overweight/obese. Thus FTO is a potential candidate gene for PCOS but their relationship is confusing and remains to be clarified in different population with a large sample size. MethodThis study was performed adopting a two-stage design by genotyping SNP rs9939609. The first set comprise of 741 PCOS and 704 control subjects, with data from our previous GWAS. The second phase of replication study was performed among another independent group of 2858 PCOS and 2358 control subjects using TaqMan-MGB probe assay. All subjects are from Han Chinese. ResultsThe less meaningful association of FTO rs9939609 and PCOS discovered in GWAS (P = 2.47E-03), was further confirmed in the replication study (P = 1.86E-09). Using meta-analysis, the P-meta value has reached 6.89E-12, over-exceeding the genome-wide association level of 5.00E-8. By combination, the P value was 1.26E-11 and after BMI adjustment it remained significant(P = 1.82E-06). To further elucidate whether this association is resulted from obesity or PCOS per se, the samples were divided into two groups–obese and non-obese PCOS, and the results were still positive in obese group (P obese = 5.81E-05, OR = 1.55), as well as in non-obese PCOS group (P non-obese = 7.06E-04, OR = 1.28). ConclusionVariant rs9939609 in FTO is associated with PCOS in Chinese women, not only in obese PCOS subjects, but also in non-obese cases.

Clinical and Metabolic Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Chinese Adolescents

ObjectivesTo explore the clinical and metabolic features exhibited by Chinese adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to determine the differences between nonobese and obese adolescent patients with PCOS. DesignClinical cross-sectional study. SettingDepartment of Gynecology and Reproductive Center. Participants25 obese and 66 nonobese adolescents with PCOS and 26 age-matched controls. InterventionsFasting venous blood samples and an oral glucose tolerance test using 75 g of glucose were obtained from PCOS patients and controls. Main Outcome MeasuresClinical features were summarized. Serum levels of FSH, LH, E2, TT, SHBG, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose were measured. ResultsThe prevalence of obesity in adolescents with PCOS was 27% (25/91). 99% of these patients presented with menstrual disorders, 84% presented with clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and 90% exhibited an ultrasonographic appearance of polycystic ovaries. The prevalence of hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans were higher in the obese PCOS group than in the nonobese PCOS group (72% vs 41% and 44% vs 5%, respectively). A total of 5 of 20 obese (25%) and 5 of 36 nonobese patients (14%) demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance levels. ConclusionsChinese adolescents with PCOS manifest clinical and metabolic features similar to those of adult Chinese women with PCOS except for the increased prevalence of hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Adolescents with high risk factors, especially those with menstrual disorders and hyperandrogenism, may need careful clinical screening.

Correlation between interleukin-1 and the obesity of polycystic ovary syndrome

To investigate the correlation between interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and the obesity of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). (1) From Oct. 2006 to Jan. 2007, 118 PCOS patients were enrolled in this study in Peking University Third Hospital, which were divided into 56 patients in obese PCOS group and 62 patients in non-obese PCOS group according to the WHO International Obesity Task Force Asia-Pacific criteria [body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m(2)]. The polymorphism of IL-1β gene promoter region, exon-5 and intron 2 of IL-1ra gene were detected by PCR. (2) Twenty-nine obese PCOS patients and 31 non-obese PCOS patients were selected randomizedly serum levels of IL-1β, IL-1ra were measured by ELISA, in the mean time, serum levels of fasting glucose, fasting insulin and the total white blood cell, hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels were measured. (1) Genetic test:the frequency of TT genotype and T allele of IL-1β promoter region (-511) in obese PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in non-obese patients (44.6% vs. 11.3%, 63.4% vs. 39.5%, all P < 0.05). The frequency of IL-1raI/V genotype and V allele of IL-1ra gene were 19.6% and 9.8% in obese PCOS patients, which were significantly higher than those in non-obese group (3.2% and 1.6%, P < 0.05). (2) Serological test:serum level of IL-1β and IL-1ra of (149 ± 36) and (284 ± 97) ng/L in obese PCOS group which were significantly higher than those in non-obese PCOS group [(96 ± 42) and (208 ± 84) ng/L, P < 0.05]. Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and hypersensitive C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were (5.1 ± 0.7) mmol/L, (17 ± 9) mU/L, (1.5 ± 0.6) mg/L and (7.0 ± 2.3) × 10(9)/L in obese PCOS group, which were significantly higher than in non-obese PCOS group [(4.9 ± 0.5) mmol/L, (11 ± 8) mU/L, (0.9 ± 0.4) mg/L and (5.9 ± 1.3) × 10(9)/L, P < 0.05]. (3)The correlation between interleukin and BMI: serum levels of IL-1β (r = 0.673) and IL-1ra (r = 0.557) were positively correlated with BMI in PCOS patients (P < 0.05). Inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-1ra had correlation with obesity of PCOS patients, PCOS patients who carried T allele of IL-1β gene promoter region (-511) and V allele of IL-1ra gene were high risk of obesity.

Expression and regulation of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein in granulosa cells and its relation with clinical characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome

Increased expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) is associated with type 2 diabetic, high triglycerides, increased lipid peroxidation, and inflammation markers. To study the expression of FABP4 mRNA in granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the impact of testosterone, insulin, and PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone on granulosa cells (GCs), and to investigate the relationship of serum FABP4 levels with clinical characteristics in patients with PCOS. The expression of FABP4 mRNA in GCs of patients with PCOS and normal controls were assayed by RT-PCR. We assessed the level of FABP4 mRNA after treatment with testosterone, insulin, and rosiglitazone in GCs from normal controls. Serum FABP4 were assayed from 96 patients with PCOS (obese and nonobese 48 cases, respectively) and 80 healthy normal controls (obese and the nonobese 40 cases, respectively). The expression of FABP4 mRNA was higher in the GCs of PCOS than that of the controls (P<0.05). FABP4 mRNA expression was up-regulated by testosterone, insulin, and rosiglitazone at different dosages. Serum FABP4 levels were higher in the nonobese PCOS group than that of the nonobese controls (8.9±5.1 ng/ml vs. 4.8±0.7 ng/ml), and in the obese PCOS group than that of the obese controls (28.2±14.0 ng/ml vs. 15.6±6.6 ng/ml), respectively (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that serum FABP4 level was independently associated with HOMA-IR, BMI, and testosterone (P<0.05). Increased FABP4 was related to the clinical characteristics of PCOS.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes with assisted reproductive technology in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study.

ObjectiveTo investigate adverse pregnancy outcomes in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with obese-PCOS and control groups.MethodsWomen with PCOS who underwent assisted reproductive technology (ART) from August, 2003 to December, 2007, were considered. A total of 336 women with PCOS were included in the study group and 1,003 infertile women who had tubal factor as an indication for ART were collected as controls. They were divided into four groups: a non-obese PCOS group, obese-PCOS group, non-obese tubal factor group, and obese tubal factor group, with obesity defined by a body mass index over 25 kg/m2, and reviewed focusing on the basal characteristics, ART outcomes, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsThere was no difference among the groups' the clinical pregnancy rate or live birth rate. Regarding adverse pregnancy outcomes, the miscarriage rate, multiple pregnancy rate, and prevalence of preterm delivery and pregnancy induced hypertension were not different among the four groups. The incidence of small for gestational age infant was higher in the PCOS groups than the tubal factor groups (p<0.02). On the other hand, the morbidity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was not high in the non-obese PCOS group but was in the obese groups. And in the obese PCOS group, the newborns were heavier than in the other groups (p<0.02).ConclusionNon-obese PCOS presents many differences compared with obese PCOS, not only in the IVF-parameters but also in the morbidity of adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially in GDM and fetal macrosomia.

Increased plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels in young obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

To evaluate carotid intima-media thickness and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and age-matched healthy controls, and to investigate their relationship with each other and with clinical, metabolic, and hormonal parameters. Clinical study. University hospital. Fifty young women with PCOS (overweight or obese [n = 24] and nonobese [n = 26]) and 25 age-matched healthy controls. History and physical examination, peripheral venous blood sampling, carotid ultrasonography. Plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, serum FSH, LH, DHEAS, total T, E(2), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin resistance defined by the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index, and carotid intima-media thickness. Plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels in the overweight or obese PCOS group were significantly higher than those in the nonobese PCOS and control groups. Carotid intima-media thickness did not significantly differ between the groups. Obesity and insulin resistance were associated positively with plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels, but there was no association between carotid intima-media thickness and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. Young overweight or obese women with PCOS have increased plasma thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels. Impaired fibrinolysis may be responsible for the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in women with PCOS.