non-Newtonian Research Articles

Optimizing the low-temperature performance of high-wax-content crude oil with emulsion-based wax inhibitors: Mechanisms and efficacy.

Wax deposition in constant-temperature transportation of waxy oil with high pour points poses a significant challenge for the oil industry. The demand for efficient methods to solve wax deposition has gained attention. To elucidate the impact of emulsion-based wax inhibitors on the performance of crude oils with varying wax content at low temperatures, experiments, rheological analyses, and microscopic analyses were conducted to study their pour point regulation, low-temperature flow improvement, wax prevention effectiveness, and wax crystallization behavior. The results indicate that emulsion-based wax inhibitors significantly reduce the pour point of crude oil, especially for high-wax-content oil, while for low-wax-content oil, the pour point only decreased by 3°C. By penetrating and dispersing wax crystals, the inhibitor reduced the viscosity of crude oil at low temperatures, enhancing its flowability. At 28°C, crude oil transitioned from a shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid to a Newtonian fluid at wax inhibitor dosages of 500-750ppm. At 1000ppm, the wax prevention rate for high-wax-content oil reached 87.5%, but the effect plateaued beyond this concentration. Additionally, the wax prevention and removal mechanism of the emulsion-based wax inhibitors is discussed. This study confirms that emulsion-based wax inhibitors significantly enhance the low-temperature processability of crude oil, offering a viable strategy for the conveyance and refinement in cold climates.

Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation in Vibrational Flow: Newtonian vs. Inelastic Non-Newtonian Fluid

A computational method is employed to solve heat transfer and entropy generation within a circular pipe. The thermal boundary condition assumes a constant wall temperature, while viscosity is taken to be dependent on temperature. A power-law type shear-thinning fluid is utilized in the analysis, with sinusoidal vibration applied horizontally perpendicular to the flow direction. Temperature distributions across the pipe are illustrated. Additionally, the entropy generation rate over the entire fluid volume under vibration was examined, comparing the results between steady flow and vibrational flow for both types of fluids. It was found that radial mixing is more pronounced in non-Newtonian fluids as vibration increases the strain rate, which is higher for low Reynolds numbers. The research provides a quantitative analysis of heat transfer and entropy generation for both Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids at different Reynolds numbers. It was observed that the effectiveness of superimposed vibrational flow is limited, especially for low Reynolds numbers and flow behavior index characteristic of shear-thinning fluids.

A rheological model for concrete additive manufacturing

The advent of 3D construction printing has ushered in a revolutionary era, demanding deeper insights into the understanding of cementitious fluid materials. Despite notable progress in additive manufacturing technologies, traditional rheological models (i.e., Bingham Plastic and Herschel-Bulkley) due to asymptotic behaviors of its plastic viscosity term fall short in describing the fluid mechanical properties of 3D printable concrete. This poses substantial challenges to achieving precise control and consistency in its boundless possibilities of mix design formulation. In this paper, we introduce an original rheological model that broadly characterizes the physiomechanical behaviours of non-Newtonian fluids, with a primary emphasis on thixotropic 3D printable cementitious pastes. Contrary to conventional representations, it is successfully demonstrated and validated herein that flow characteristics of 3D printable concrete may be described by two distinct viscosity terms, both of which collectively defines an upper and lower bound apparent viscosity with respect to a proposed activation function.

Joint Effect of Velocity Slip and Joule Heating MHD Casson-Williamson Nanofluid Passes Through the Stretching Porous Medium

The objective of this study is to examine the heat and mass transport characteristics of a non-Newtonian Casson-Williamson nanofluid flow over a porous stretching sheet. The viscoelastic characteristic of a fluid is obtained by combining Casson and Williamson fluids. It is anticipated that the porous media through which the non-Newtonian fluid flows will adhere to Darcy's law. The effects of magnetic and electric fields are taken into account. The mathematical modeling of this physical problem involves a set of nonlinear partial differential equations that are mass, energy and momentum, together with corresponding boundary conditions, these PDEs are transformed into dimensionless ODE by appropriate similarity transformations and solved by R-K method. The numerical analysis is subsequently presented in a visual format to illustrate the influence of different controlling parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration. Moreover, the analysis gives higher values of magnetic, viscous dissipation and joule heating parameters leads the temperature and Nusselt number. Conversely an increasing in mixed convection parameter result in a depreciation in the temperature. The skin-friction coefficient exhibited an upward trend with an increase in the porosity parameter. The rate of heat transfer demonstrated a rise under the Joule heating conditions. These findings are compared to other recorded results for a specific situation, then displayed graphically and analyzed in terms of engineering and industrial implications. Novelty this paper is by adding joule heating to nanofluid control over heat dissipation, thermal stability, or enhanced efficiency in heat exchange applications.

The comprehensive analysis of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow with rectangular porous medium through expanding/contracting channel

PurposeThis study examines fluid flow within a rectangular porous medium bounded by walls capable of expansion or contraction. It focuses on a non-Newtonian fluid with Casson characteristics, incompressibility, and electrical conductivity, demonstrating temperature-dependent impacts on viscosity.Design/methodology/approachThe flow is two-dimensional, unsteady, and laminar, influenced by a small electromagnetic force and electrical conductivity. The Hybrid Analytical and Numerical Method (HAN method) resolves the constitutive differential equations.FindingsThe fluid’s velocity is influenced by the Casson parameter, viscosity variation parameter, and resistive force, while the fluid’s temperature is affected by the radiation parameter, Prandtl number, and power-law index. Increasing the Casson parameter from 0.1 to 50 results in a 4.699% increase in maximum fluid velocity and a 0.123% increase in average velocity. Viscosity variation from 0 to 15 decreases average velocity by 1.42%. Wall expansion (a from −4 to 4) increases maximum velocity by 19.07% and average velocity by 1.09%. The average fluid temperature increases by 100.92% with wall expansion and decreases by 51.47% with a Prandtl number change from 0 to 7.Originality/valueUnderstanding fluid dynamics in various environments is crucial for engineering and natural systems. This research emphasizes the critical role of wall movements in fluid dynamics and offers valuable insights for designing systems requiring fluid flow and heat transfer. The study presents new findings on heat transfer and fluid flow in a rectangular channel with two parallel, porous walls capable of expansion and contraction, which have not been previously reported.

Advanced modelling techniques for magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid squeezing flow via generalized fractional operators with neural network scheme

Abstract This paper aims to simulate and examine the unstable squeezed circulation of fractional-order (FO) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson fluid via a permeable medium. The Casson fluid system performs an essential role in comprehending the characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids, including toothpaste, condiments, printing substances and plasma circulation. The outcomes of this investigation are significant because previous research has not addressed the unsteady circulation of Casson fluid in a fractional nonsingular kernel and neural network-based stochastic context, considering the indicated consequences. An exceptionally dynamic ordinary differential equation is produced by using fractional calculus in combination with similarity transforms. After that, the predicted problem is addressed employing an amalgam of the Laplace transform in the Caputo-Fabrizio, modified Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional derivatives operators, and the $q$-homotopy analysis transform method, accompanied by no-slip boundary requirements. The responses and oversights at various points in the FOs are scrutinized, along with previous findings, in order to ensure reliability. In terms of precision, $q$-HATM findings outperform other outcomes that are accessible in research. The focus of this research is on the influence of FOs on the velocity distribution, skin friction coefficient (SFC) and practices of relevant fluid factors. To find out how relevant fluid components affect the velocity distribution and SFC, an extensive, qualitative and visual evaluation is carried out. It was discovered through evaluation that the FO shows an analogous impact for both positive and negative squeezing numbers. Additionally, as the FO increases, SFC reduces. Analysis revealed that the FO exhibits a similar effect with regard to positive and negative compression numbers. Furthermore, SFC decreases with increasing FOs. Additionally, a highly effective stochastic method employing artificial neural networks (ANNs) and a back-propagated Levenberg-Marquardt (BPLM) procedure is generated to explore the effect of different parameter modifications on the SFC, velocity distribution, as well as various fluid factors. Multiple effectiveness measures were developed according to mean absolute deviations (MAD), erroneous Nash-Sutcliffe effectiveness (ENSE), and Theil's inequity coefficient (TIC) in order to verify the preciseness, productivity, and computing cost of the ANN-BPLM algorithms. The outlined scheme's analytical findings are verified through comparison using numerical outcomes obtained through the $q$-HATM, artificial intelligence strategies like NARX-LM, and the least squares methodology (LSM). The outcomes indicate the resilience and accuracy of the layout procedure by demonstrating that the average percentage of errors in our proposed outcomes in terms of ENSE, TIC, and MAD is nearly zero.

Evaluation of the effect of viscosity on blood flow using viscosity models

The study of blood hemodynamics and rheological properties, particularly blood viscosity, is essential for understanding and treating certain cardiovascular conditions. Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid, meaning its viscosity varies with shear rate, a behavior driven by the aggregation and deformation of red blood cells (RBCs). Accurate modeling of blood viscosity is therefore critical for simulating blood flow in both physiological and pathological states. In this work, various viscosity models were assessed to identify the most suitable that represents the blood’s behavior in relation to shear rate. Although the Newtonian model is simple, it fails to capture the non-Newtonian characteristics of blood, particularly at varying shear rates. In comparison, the Power Law, Walburn-Schneck, and Carreau-Yasuda models offer more detailed and complex approaches to modeling blood viscosity. The Effect of blood viscosity on the overall blood flow was evaluated based on the four viscosity models. The work was carried out in a MATLAB Simulation Environment. The Volumetric blood flow rate was evaluated from the Poiseuille’s equation using three viscosity models whose values were defined by shear rates ranging from (217.5 – 226.5)s−1 . The percentage change in the blood volume resulting from changes in the viscosity was examined for each model. The two viscosity models (Power and Carreau models) concurrently reported equal percentage change of blood flux variation with the corresponding variation of the viscosity due to change in shear rate. This shows that any of the two models can be used to study the variation of blood flow to the viscosity with respect to cardiovascular complications.

Review of Potential Capabilities of 3D Printed Parts Reinforced with a Non- Newtonian Fluid for Enhancing Impact Resistance

This theoretical paper presents a comprehensive review of the promising prospects offered by the integration of non-Newtonian fluids in 3D printed parts to enhance impact resistance. Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit unique rheological behavior, and their ability to alter mechanical properties makes them an intriguing candidate for reinforcing 3D printed objects. The paper delves into the underlying principles of non-Newtonian fluid mechanics and how these fluids can be effectively utilized to augment the impact resistance of 3D printed structures. By surveying recent advancements and emerging applications, this review explores the potential benefits and challenges associated with the incorporation of non-Newtonian fluids in additive manufacturing. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights into the design, material selection, and manufacturing processes crucial for achieving robust, impact-resistant 3D printed components. This paper aims to provide a foundation for further research and development in the field, shedding light on the transformative possibilities of non-Newtonian fluid reinforcement in 3D printing.

Effect of deflocculants on the rheological behavior of high alumina matrix suspensions for self-flowing bauxite castable

This study investigates the influence of commercially available polyphosphates and polycarboxylate ethers as deflocculants on aqueous suspensions containing high alumina cement (HAC), reactive alumina (RA), and various matrix compositions. Utilizing rheological methods, the research explores the interplay between dispersant concentration and the apparent viscosity and flow behavior of RA suspensions and matrix mixtures. The Casson model is employed to effectively describe the obtained flow data. Moreover, the study discerns specific impacts of polycarboxylate ethers on the thickening properties of matrix mixtures characterized by varying RA and HAC contents. Additionally, the research evaluates the physical and mechanical properties of low-cement bauxite castables treated with a range of polycarboxylate esters. The findings demonstrate that all deflocculated suspensions exhibit Non-Newtonian structured fluid behavior with a discernible yield stress (τ0) at shear rates below 20 s-1. At higher shear rates, there is a significant reduction in apparent viscosity, aligning well with the Casson model. Comparative assessments, based on flow curve values τ0, elucidate differing degrees of suspension flocculation depending on the type of dispersant used.

Analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic effects on non-Newtonian fluid flow in an inclined non-uniform channel under long-wavelength, low-Reynolds number conditions

Abstract This study utilises mathematical modelling and computations to analyse the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects on non-Newtonian Eyring–Powell fluid flow in an inclined non-uniform channel under long-wavelength, low Reynolds number conditions. The governing equations are solved by applying slip boundary conditions to determine the velocity, temperature, concentration, and streamline profiles. The key findings show that the magnetic parameter dampens the flow rate. The relationship between the variable viscosity, velocity, and temperature is nonlinear. The wall rigidity parameter and axial velocity are directly proportional until a threshold. Increasing inclination angles distorts streamlines. The magnetic field alters concentration contours and thermal transport. MATLAB parametric analysis explores MHD effects. This study enhances the understanding of inclined channel fluid dynamics, offering insights into variable viscosity, magnetic fields, wall properties, and impacts of inclination angles on non-Newtonian flow characteristics. This knowledge can optimise industrial MHD conduit/channel transport applications.

Investigation of heat generation and radiation effects on boundary layer flow of Prandtl liquid with Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion models

In this analysis, a bidirectional stretched sheet is used to produce a 3D\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\mathcal{D}$$\\end{document} flow of Prandtl liquid with improve mass diffusion and heat conduction models. This study advances knowledge of magnetohydrodynamics, radiation impacts, and heat production in fluid dynamics and transport processes. The Prandtl fluid model is critical for modeling non-Newtonian fluids, capturing its viscoelastic features, and allowing for precise simulation in industrial applications. It gives a mathematical foundation for analyzing complex fluid behaviors, which is necessary for optimizing operations utilizing such fluids. It uses the boundary layer method to simplify the fundamental equations and Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion models. The optimal homotopy analysis method is used to solve nonlinear ODEs caused by non-dimensional similarity variables. This investigation undertakes the calculation of drag coefficient for surfaces mass transfer rates and heat transfer rates proximate to the solid boundary. Furthermore, it conducts a comprehensive analysis of the influences exerted by various parameters on concentration and temperature profiles employing graphical representations for a rigorous examination. The Prandtl fluid model describes the viscoelastic characteristics of non-Newtonian fluids through constitutive equations, dimensional evaluation, and numerical simulations, which are frequently validated by experiments. The results show that changes in thermal and concentration relaxation parameters are accompanied by a decline in temperature. Temperature field rises as the thermal radiation parameter and heat generation increases. The work's novelty consists in its advanced modeling of Prandtl non-Newtonian fluids via Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion models, which incorporate magnetohydrodynamics and radiation effects and use optimal homotopy analysis for accurate parametric analyses of heat and mass transfer.

Bounded absorbing sets for compressible non-Newtonian fluids

Bounded absorbing sets for compressible non-Newtonian fluids

Construction and characteristics of EGCG-porcine serum albumin pickering emulsion: Based on noncovalent interactions mechanism

Pickering emulsion prepared by the interaction between polyphenols and protein can improve the stability of protein-based emulsion. The purpose of this study was to explore the complex formation mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-porcine serum albumin (PSA) complex and the preparation of food-grade Pickering emulsion. By the UV and fluorescence spectral analysis, it was found that EGCG has an obvious fluorescence quenching effect on PSA, mainly static quenching. The results of synchronous, three-dimensional fluorescence and FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the hydrophobic microenvironment of aromatic amino acids and the secondary structure of PSA changed after EGCG was added. The results of molecular docking examined that EGCG and PSA form more stable complexes due to hydrogen bonds, and the binding energy was −4.43 kcal /mol. Compared with the PSA emulsion, the successfully prepared EGCG-PSA Pickering emulsion had smaller droplets and no obvious color in CLMS. The Pickering emulsion of EGCG-PSA had strong emulsification and high viscosity, which belonged to pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid. In addition, the free fatty acids release rate of EGCG-PSA Pickering emulsion was decreased by 9.9 %. The antioxidant performance of the EGCG-PSA Pickering emulsion was improved, and the DPPH radical scavenging rate and the ABTS+ radical scavenging rate reached the highest, which were 93.72 % and 57.16 % respectively. This study provides important insights into the interaction between EGCG and PSA, and a reference for the development of polyphenol-protein complex Pickering emulsion in food, medicine, cosmetics, and other fields.

An explicit incompressible scheme based on the MPS method to simulate slump flow

AbstractIn this study, an explicit incompressible scheme based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit method (MPS) is applied to simulate slump flow. In the numerical method, the pressure Poisson equation is explicitly solved to obtain the pressure field. In simulating slump flow caused by fresh concrete, the fluid is treated to be non-Newtonian fluid and a regularized Bingham model is employed to calculate the viscosity. Flow characteristics in the slump flow are reproduced by the numerical method, and in good agreement with experimental measurements. The parameters including the rheological regularized parameter, yield stress, plastic viscosity, and particle distance, are examined in the simulations. It is found that the explicit incompressible scheme can well reproduce the concrete spreading. The yield stress in the rheology model affects the spreading distance significantly while the plastic viscosity plays an important role in the acceleration stage of the material spreading.

An Analytical Analysis of Mixed Convective MHD Casson Flow with Ramped Wall Temperature

This research discusses the behavior of magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid subjected to a ramped wall temperature along an infinitely inclined plate. Non-Newtonian fluid, specifically the Casson fluid, is employed to characterize fluid behavior in this research. The effects of porous media, chemical reactions, and radiation are considered. In practical applications, non-Newtonian fluids find use in lubrication such as grease, engine oil, etc. The Laplace transform technique has been applied during this study where ordinary differential equations are converted from the governing partial differential equations with suitable boundary conditions. These transformed dimensionless equations are subsequently solved numerically with Mathematica, and we have achieved the exact solutions of momentum, followed by energy and finally concentration. In the results section, we have analyzed the behavior of flow features under varying conditions of key parameters, including the governing parameters, the unsteadiness parameter, and the Casson parameter. All the results are shown and analyzed in graphs.

Self-similar solution of the first Stokes problem for non-Newtonian fluids with power-law viscosity

The first Stokes problem is considered for flows of non-Newtonian fluids with effective viscosity varying in accordance with the power law. Self-similar solutions are constructed for the fluids, whose mechanical behavior is described by the Ostwald – de Waele and Herschel–Bulkley rheological models with the corresponding restrictions on the nonlinearity degree exponent n. It is shown that for the Ostwald – de Waele fluid self-similar solutions exist only for 0 n 1, which corresponds to the pseudoplastic behavior. At the same time, self-similar solutions for the Herschel–Bulkley fluid can be obtained only at n 1, when this fluid exhibits the properties of dilatancy.

Exploration of chemical reaction and activation energy role of Jeffery-Hamel Jeffery fluid flow in penetrable non-parallel channels with entropy optimization

Recent research has demonstrated that non-Newtonian fluids exhibit superior heat transfer capabilities compared to conventional fluids. However, current methods for enhancing heat transfer in non-Newtonian fluids have their limitations. This study aims to address these limitations by investigating the influence of chemical reactions and activation energy on heat transfer within convergent/divergent channels, as described by the Buongiorno model. The study highlights several key outcomes like Higher convergence angles lead to pronounced concentration variations and gradients, whereas divergent channels result in more uniform concentration profiles. The parameter reflecting kinetic energy dominance over thermal energy shows that increasing this parameter decreases fluid temperature due to energy conversion to kinetic form. Additionally, a higher value enhances solute dispersion and energy transfer, while entropy generation increases with higher values, indicating greater irreversibility and energy losses. These insights are crucial for optimizing channel design in non-Newtonian fluid applications, aiding in the control of concentration gradients, management of temperature variations, and overall improvement in efficiency. Numerical computations of the proposed model were performed using the BVP4c scheme.

Machine learning method monitors non-Newtonian fluid flow in real time

Combining a contactless flow sensor with a neural-network algorithm allows accurate measurement and control of non-Newtonian fluids for healthcare and manufacturing applications.

Non-Newtonian fluids effects on the steady-state performance of two-lobe journal bearings

This research aims to investigate the behavior of non-Newtonian fluid obeying the power law model in a laminar flow regime for a two-lobe journal bearing. The investigation involves calculating the static characteristics in terms; of load-carrying capacity, attitude angle, friction coefficient, friction force, and side leakage, for various values of the power law index and different eccentricity ratios. To determine the static characteristics, the pressure distributions are obtained by the numerical solution of the modified Reynolds equation considering the effect of non-Newtonian behavior of the fluids using the finite difference method. This study reveals that increasing both the eccentricity ratio and power law index produce an increase in the load-carrying capacity, friction force, and side leakage while lead to a decrease in the attitude angle and friction coefficient for the two-lobe journal bearing. In addition, compared to Newtonian fluid the results show that the using of non-Newtonian fluids as lubricants improves the static characteristics of the two-lobe journal bearing especially for the shear-thickening lubricants.

Remark on the Local Well-Posedness of Compressible Non-Newtonian Fluids with Initial Vacuum

We discuss in this short note the local-in-time strong well-posedness of the compressible Navier–Stokes system for non-Newtonian fluids on the three dimensional torus. We show that the result established recently by Kalousek, Mácha, and Nečasova in https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-021-02301-8 can be extended to the case where vanishing density is allowed initially. Our proof builds on the framework developed by Cho, Choe, and Kim in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2003.11.004 for compressible Navier–Stokes equations in the case of Newtonian fluids. To adapt their method, special attention is given to the elliptic regularity of a challenging nonlinear elliptic system. We show particular results in this direction, however, the main result of this paper is proven in the general case when elliptic W2,p\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$W^{2,p}$$\\end{document}-regularity is imposed as an assumption. Also, we give a finite time blow-up criterion.