Non-native Speaker Teachers Research Articles

Students' Perception Of Non-Native Japanese Speaker Teacher's Competencies (Nnjsts) : Gender-Based Review

Japanese is one of the foreign languages taught in formal and informal educational institutions in Indonesia. The development of Japanese language learners is increasing quantitatively. In foreign language courses, native and non-native teachers collaborate on pedagogical tasks. This trend is also happening in Japanese foreign language courses. In addition, there are around 6,617 non-native Japanese language teachers (Japan Foundation, 2021). There is an argument that Native Japanese Speaker Teacher's (NJST) has many advantages over Native Japanese Speaker Teacher's (NNJSTs) and that students prefer NNJSTs over NJST, but the argument must be assessed. Many researchers have explored students' perceptions of NJSTs and NNJSTs worldwide in formal education institutions but not in the non-formal education institution sector. This study aims to explore the perception of Indonesian students towards NNJSTs in non-formal educational institutions, namely LPK Fuji Academy Singaraja with all samples coming from active students registered from January to August 2024. This study is a quantitative research with a descriptive approach conducted using an instrument in the form of a closed questionnaire based on the Likert scale. This study revealed that the perception of male and female students did not have a significant difference in their teaching competence based on the theory of Nuibe et al (2006). Male participants rated NNJSTs higher in terms of teaching effectiveness and communication skills, with an average score of 9.8. In contrast, female respondents gave slightly lower ratings in these areas with an average of 7.1. Furthermore, through this research, students need NNJSTs more because they allow for a successful learning process because of effective learning strategies. In addition, NNJSTs also help students in facing difficulties and challenges in their learning process.

Native speakerism crossing borders: comparing stakeholders’ attitudes towards English and Basque native and non-native teachers

Perceptions towards English native and non-native speaking teachers have drawn the attention of researchers in language acquisition. However, no study has examined its implications in the teaching of minority languages. This study aims to analyze 563 students’, parents’, and teachers’ attitudes and preferences towards English and Basque native and non-native teachers. Using questionnaires and group discussions, education stakeholders were questioned about their teacher preferences and their beliefs concerning assessment and support, attitudes, motivation, culture, and perceived linguistic abilities. Results revealed that education stakeholders appeared to assign concrete characteristics to native and non-native speaking teachers, regardless of the language under scrutiny.

Exploring the effect of students’ language learning strategies on Chinese students' perceptions of native and non-native English speaker teachers

The status of English as the most prominent global lingua franca has increased the need for effective English teachers worldwide. Particularly in China, there is a growing demand for English teachers, with a significant preference for native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) over non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs). This trend, often interpreted as an implicit or explicit endorsement of native-speakerism, has significant effects on Chinese students, and harms the teaching effectiveness and well-being of Chinese English teachers. While previous research has explored the roles of students' demographic characteristics on their views, few studies have delved into complex factors such as language learning strategies and educators' well-being. To address this research gap, this study investigates 470 English-major Chinese students' views on NESTs and NNESTs in relation to the well-being of the NESTs and NNESTs. The findings reveal that students view NESTs and NNESTs as possessing different strengths and weaknesses, which have various impacts on the teachers' well-being. Further, the students’ language learning strategies were positively correlated with their views of both NESTs and NNESTs. These discoveries have the potential to heighten student awareness about native-speakerism and develop potential methods for educators to augment their teaching effectiveness, so that teacher well-being is given adequate attention.

Connecting collaborative practicums to beliefs: The development of nonnative student teachers’ self-efficacy in native-nonnative trainee collaboration

This qualitative study aimed to fill a research gap by examining the development of self-efficacy beliefs among nonnative-speaking student teachers (NNSTs) in teaching languages other than English. Situated in an international teacher education program for Chinese as a second/foreign language, this study explored the impacts of collaborative practicums on the self-efficacy beliefs of 17 NNSTs while they worked with 28 native-speaking student teachers (NSTs). The collaborative tasks included peer discussions, microteaching, peer observations, and peer feedback. The NNSTs' reflective essays were collected as primary data, supplemented by peer discussion and microteaching videos and peer feedback questionnaires. Using a qualitative methodology that integrated emotion coding and thematic analysis, the study revealed that all four tasks positively influenced NNSTs' self-efficacy beliefs by satisfying their professional engagement intentions. However, tasks involving verbal interactions between NNSTs and NSTs had adverse effects on NNSTs' self-efficacy beliefs, attributed to the limited academic language proficiency of NNSTs and the unsympathetic reactions and linguistic superiority displayed by NSTs. Finally, a three-phase collaborative practicum framework was proposed for language teacher education programs involving mixed native and nonnative trainee groups. This framework highlights the importance of developing inclusive interventions to foster the mutual recognition of nonnative-speaking teachers' values.

Discriminatory Practices Against Non-Native English Speaker Teachers in Colombia’s Language Centers: A Multimodal Study

This multimodal/multimedia discourse analysis explored institutional practices regarding native and non-native English speaker teachers in five language centers in Medellín, Colombia, as reflected in interviews with coordinators and teachers, language centers’ websites, social media, and recruitment materials. Data were analyzed using content and multimodal discourse analysis. Findings unveiled that, in general, these language centers favor native English speaker teachers and discriminate against non-native English speaker teachers in multiple ways, as the former are privileged in job searches, are asked fewer hiring requirements, have more room for negotiation, earn higher salaries, and enjoy more perks.

Teacher well-being matters: The case of students’ motivation on their own perceptions of native and non-native English speaker teachers

English has become the most-widely used lingua franca in international communication, creating a demand for effective English teachers around the world. In reality, there is a surging demand for English teachers around the world and in China, with a greater inclination for native English-speaking teachers (NESTs) over non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs), a phenomenon commonly known as explicit or implicit advocacy of native-speakerism. Research has shown that Chinese students are affected by native-speakerism, harming Chinese English teachers' feelings and instructional practices. Even though research has shown that student characteristics play a role in students' perceptions of their teachers' effectiveness, few have examined more complex variables such as motivation and teacher well-being. To fill the research gap, we investigated 470 Chinese English-major students' perceptions of NESTs and NNESTs in relation to NNESTs' psychological well-being. Results show that students perceived NESTs and NNESTs as having different strengths and weaknesses. Such perceptions had various effects on both groups' well-being. Students' motivation was found positively correlated to their perceptions of NESTs and NNESTs. We discuss these findings for the purpose of raising students' awareness of native-speakerism and identifying possible means for teachers to improve their teaching effectiveness by adopting motivational strategies so that teacher well-being is given sufficient attention.

The Perspective of Thammislam Foundation School Thailand Students on the Teaching of Non-Native Speaker Teachers

This study investigates students' perceptions of teachers teaching Non-Native Speakers at Thammislam Foundation School Thailand. This study uses descriptive research methods by collecting data through interviews and interviews given to class students at the school. The tables presented in this study cover various aspects of teaching Non-Native Speaker teachers, such as the using language, humor, multi-modal tools, group discussion groups, and assessment of student class participation. This study’s results indicate the most positive perceptions of Non-Native Speaker teachers. th Most students agree that Non-Native Speaker teachers provide the subject matter in a fun way and can interact with students in class. In addition, most students agree that Non-Native Speaker teachers use body language, humor, and multi-modal tools to facilitate teaching. This shows that Non-Native Speaker teachers at Thammislam Foundation School Thailand successfully created an interesting, interactive and fun learning environment for students. Furthermore, most students agree that Non-Native Speaker teachers design discussion groups and solve problems in class. These activities are considered to increase student participation and develop critical and social thinking skills. In addition, the majority of students also agreed that Non-Native Speaker teachers assess student class participation. Class participation assessments effectively encourage student engagement in learning and build a collaborative classroom environment.

Exploring native and non-native English speaker teachers' perceptions of English teacher qualities and their students' responses.

Due to globalization, English has gradually become a lingua franca, leading to a rising demand for proficient English teachers all over the globe. In China, more EFL teachers are being recruited, particularly at the tertiary level, with a greater preference for so-called "native English speaking teachers (NESTs)" over "non-native English-speaking teachers (NNESTs)" due to the impacts of native-speakerism. Research has shown NESTs, NNESTs, and students are often misaligned in terms of beliefs about language learning and teaching which affect teaching effectiveness as well as student achievement. Recognizing this issue, this study investigated NESTs', NNESTs', and Chinese English-major students' perceptions of characteristics of effective EFL teachers at four mid-tier universities across China. Findings from semi-structured interviews with 16 students suggest that NNESTs and Chinese English-major students had similar views on language learning and teaching. Both groups valued prerequisite qualities such as having expert knowledge, language skills, teaching skills, and professionalism. NESTs, however, valued qualities such as caring, patience, flexibility, engagement, and awareness of students' learning needs. These differences are likely the result of these two groups of teachers' linguistic, cultural, and educational background differences. The highly uniform views of the two groups of teachers suggest that they tended to emphasize certain qualities while disregarding others. These findings suggest the need to raise teachers' and students' awareness of the benefits of different types of teacher qualities so that curriculum design and lesson planning can be implemented for better instructional alignment to ultimately improve teaching effectiveness.

THE IMPACT OF NATIVE SPEAKERISM ON THE IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION OF ‘ENGLISH TEACHER AS AN ENGLISH SPEAKER’: VOICES FROM INDONESIA

Some non-native English speaker teachers have trouble constructing the identity of an English speaker in their professional practice, although they have spent years in formal educational institutions to learn and teach the language. In the context of Indonesian English language teaching, the topic of whether the proliferation of native speaker standards contributes to the battle is one that is rarely investigated. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of native speakerism on the construction of English speaker identity among Indonesian teachers of English. In this particular research project, the participants consisted of two female English teachers who worked at different senior high schools in Aceh, Indonesia. Life-history interviews and teacher journals serve as the research instruments, and the discursive perspective on identity serves as the theoretical underpinning for this study. Through the use of thematic analysis, this study found that the participants struggled to construct the identity of an English teacher as an English speaker due to the belief that a native English speaker is an ideal English speaker.

Corrective feedback and second language pronunciation instruction: A case study of a nonnative-speaking teacher

Corrective feedback and second language pronunciation instruction: A case study of a nonnative-speaking teacher

The Validity of Hiring Native and Non-Native English-Speaking Instructors: Professional Observers', Learners', and Programme Administrators' Perceptions

In the recent past, considerable attention has been directed towards the issues relating to non-native English speaker teachers (NNESTs) and native English speaker teachers (NESTs) in English language teaching (ELT), especially their employability as English language teachers. This study aimed to investigate the hiring process for an English as a foreign language (EFL) instructor position. The study has adopted a mixed-design approach using a structured questionnaire on 212 students from the Preparatory Year Program (PYP) at Princess Nora University (PNU) and the Common First Year (CFY) at King Saud University (KSU) and semi-structured interviews on six programme administrators and professional observers from the higher education language institutions in Saudi Arabia to achieve the study’s objectives. Specifically, this study examined three areas: a) the programme administrators’ perception of the hiring criteria of both NESTs and NNESTs; b) the professional observers' perception of the hiring criteria used, linking them to the performance of both NESTs and NNESTs in EFL classes and providing criteria that they deem necessary; and c) the learners' perception of the characteristics of an effective EFL instructor to support the latter's perception. The results revealed that being a native speaker was not important from the perception of programme administrators, professional observers, and learners. However, programme administrators, professional observers, and learners gave more importance to other criteria such as pedagogical skills, personal qualities, and the ability to teach.

Becoming a Non-native Chinese Language Teacher: An Identity Triangle Model Analysis

This study utilises the Identity Triangle Model (Dugas in Teach Dev 25(3):243–262, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2021.1874500) to examine the experiences of one particular novice non-native Mandarin Chinese teacher at a university in New Zealand. A case study design was employed to track the identity negotiations of this European non-native Chinese speaker during 12 weeks of her first semester of teaching. Analysis of the data revealed nine subcategories within the psychological, behavioural, and relational domains according to the Identity Triangle Model. The findings suggest that this new non-native speaker teacher viewed her as an accidental teacher, exploring a teaching career without a strong instrumentalist aspiration or a clear career path in language teaching. Instead, she was more motivated by a desire for personal growth and the opportunity to reinvent themselves in a new cultural context. The results of this study offer theoretical implications for the adoption of a unified framework in future research on the identity of first-time language teachers, and practical implications for developing sustainable strategies aimed at recruiting and retaining non-native speaker teachers in foreign language education.

Native versus non-native speaker teachers’ perceptions about English varieties in designing/developing EFL Curriculum Development

Native versus non-native speaker teachers’ perceptions about English varieties in designing/developing EFL Curriculum Development

Conceptualizing Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in the EFL Context: Ethnographic Experiences of CELTA and Non-CELTA Holders

Communicative language teaching (CLT) has become the favourite teaching approach of many English teachers because of its focus on communication (Kumaravadivelu, 2006). A number of researchers have investigated EFL teachers' perceptions and implementation of CLT in Saudi tertiary level education. Some researchers reported on how CELTA training affects EFL teachers' perceptions and implementation of CLT. However, there is a gap in the literature with regard to the lived experiences of how non-native English speaker teachers (NNESTs) who do or do not have a CELTA qualification understand and apply CLT in Saudi tertiary level EFL education. Therefore, this mixed-methods ethnographic research focuses on filling this gap. Data were collected through three research tools, namely a survey, vignettes and classroom observations. All the participants were teaching EFL at the Saudi tertiary level. Twenty-six CELTA holders and forty-four non-CELTA holders participated in the survey about their perceptions and implementation of CLT. Four CELTA holders and three non-CELTA holders wrote a number of vignettes on how they conceptualize and apply CLT. Classroom observations were conducted for two CELTA holders and two non-CELTA holders. The statistical survey data were analysed using SPSS, and the vignettes and classroom observations were examined thematically. The findings revealed that both CELTA and non-CELTA holders have a reasonable understanding of CLT. However, they also showed that the teachers only implement CLT to some extent, suggesting that more training on applying communicative activities and group- and pairwork is needed in EFL classrooms.

NEEDS ANALYSIS IN DESIGNING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS’ MATERIAL AT RUBIK SOCIAL SCHOOL

Many social institutions concerning on education field open English classes for children by recruiting volunteer teachers. However, this voluntary English teaching activity makes the materials provided are not well structured so that the preparation of teaching materials is needed based on the needs of the learners involved. This research aims to identify the English learning needs in Rubik Social School. The method applied are observation, questionnaires and interviews. The subject of research is the students and voluntary teachers. The results of the study include the target needs and learning needs. The target of English learning needs at the Rubik Social School is to support English subjects taught in formal schools and become the basis of skills for further education. The learning materials needed are simple vocabularies and expressions in which topics are close to children such as parts of the body, colours, family, fruits and vegetables and others. English learning is held in a face-to-face meeting and taught by voluntary non-native speaker teachers every week. The results of this study should be continued as material for the syllabus and teaching materials.

Students’ perceptions towards native and non-native english speaker teachers

There was an argument that native English teachers have many advantages than non-native English teachers and students preferred native to non-native teachers; however, the argument had to be assessed. Many researchers had been exploring students’ perceptions of native and non-native English teachers worldwide in formal education institutions. This study aimed to explore students’ perceptions of native and non-native English teachers in a non-formal education institution. This was a qualitative study based on a descriptive approach conducted using three instruments: close-ended questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and documentation. The study revealed that native and non-native English teachers had their own specific roles in the Indonesian context. Students needed native more than non-native teachers because the latter were bilingual having the same mother tongue as them, and they enabled a successful learning process because of the effective learning strategies they shared. Also, non-native teachers helped students deal with difficulties and challenges in their learning process.

Alternative modes of publication for novice researchers

Alternative modes of publication for novice researchers

A MATTER TO THINK OVER: NATIVENESS OF ENGLISH TEACHERS IN INDONESIA

A shift is happening in languages used in Indonesia, especially in English as a foreign language that must be taught as a compulsory subject in Indonesian formal education institutions from primary to tertiary levels. English takes a place in the third position after Bahasa Indonesia and the regional languages. Since English as an International Language (EIL) paradigm appears, some debates burst up whether it is native speaker or non-native speaker teacher who should teach English in outer-expanding countries. This paper provides a discussion about the issue of native and non-native speaker of English related to the selection of English teachers in Indonesian context. The issue is analysed by using a list of teaching behaviours between native English speaker teachers (NESTs) and non-native of English speaker teachers (NNESTs) examined by Medgyes (1994). A few recommendations about the issue of selecting English teacher in outer-expanding countries are presented in the end of the paper.

To What Extent Can Non-Native Speaker Teachers Teach Speaking Successfully in Foreign Language Learning Context?

In this essay, non-native speaker teachers teaching speaking under the foreign language learning context would be analyzed. Instead of simply regarding native speaker teachers as the absolute priority in teaching speaking, non-native speaker teachers could also effectively impart speaking skills to students with their bilingual proficiency, second language learning experience and direct access to the cultural context of their students. After further studies, the unique competence of non-native speaker teachers would be revealed through this essay.

Non-Native English Speaker Teacher Narration of Nativism

The 21st century ELT world is trying to migrate into the more relevant notion of international English. This notion, supposedly, supports every English speaker of a different nation, background, and culture. However, the public preference in native speaker is still apparent. This study is aimed to explore one non-native English speaker teacher’s experiences in teaching English along with a native English speaker teacher. This study employed narrative inquiry, the data gathered by interviews, and document analysis. The non-native English speaker teacher experiences several discriminations in the form of job division, job requirements, and even the wage difference. The public preference for native English speaker teachers is still apparent, looking at the growth of schools with native-speaker teachers.