Non-magnetic Components Research Articles

Exploring the structural, morphological, and multiferroic properties of Al3+ modified (1-x) BCZT-(x) CFO ceramic composites

Multiferroics with strong magnetoelectric coupling can be created by improving the magnetostriction of the ferrite phase and combining it with the best-known piezoelectric. Herein, the ferromagnetic CoFe2O4 was modified with Al incorporation further improve the resistivity, magnetic, and magnetostrictive properties and then combined with (0.5)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3−(0.5)(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BCZT) with different weight percentages. XRD results revealed the presence of a mixed spinel cubic phase for CAF (Fd-3m), whereas BCZT crystallized in a tetragonal structure (Amm2) in composite systems. The dielectric response of the materials was studied using impedance spectroscopy and it displayed a typical Maxwell–Wagner polarization of two-phase composites. The magnetic response of the CAF sample improved significantly which is attributed to the preference of Al3+ ions on tetrahedral sites. The magnetization of composites increased as the nonmagnetic BCZT component increased and the (0.75)CAF-(0.25)BCZT system had the highest saturation magnetization. We anticipate that these systems will have significantly improved magnetoelectric characteristics than unmodified CFO-BCZT systems.

Advancements in Nanoparticle Biosensors: Applications, Properties, and Considerations for Improving Performance and Detection Capabilities

Nanoparticle biosensors have emerged as a powerful diagnostic tool, offering highly sensitive and specific detection of biomarkers and pathogenic agents. This article discusses various applications of nanoparticle biosensors in disease diagnosis and public health monitoring. Magnetic nanoparticles have unique magnetic properties that enable their application in novel separation techniques. This review aims to evaluate the use of magnetic separation across various fields including mineral processing, environmental remediation, and biomedical research. In mineral processing, magnetic separation techniques are commonly employed to separate magnetite from iron ore or other naturally magnetic minerals from gangue material. This allows for an efficient concentration of valuable ore. Similarly, in environmental applications, magnetic nanoparticles can selectively bind to pollutants such as heavy metals in soil and water, permitting separation using an external magnetic field and removal of contaminants. Within biomedical research, magnetic separation has proved a versatile technique for isolating target cells, proteins, and pathogens. Functionalization of magnetic nanoparticles allows specific binding followed by magnetic retrieval. This provides a simple, rapid approach for diagnostic tests, biomarker analysis, and other medical applications. Magnetic separation offers an effective means of differentiating between magnetic and non-magnetic components across many industries and research disciplines.

Electron knock-on damage effects on electron magnetic chiral dichroism of magnetic metals using cobalt as a model

Electron magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) is a high-resolution technique currently in development for quantitative magnetic measurements using transmitted electrons. However, the inevitable electron damage to materials can be a significant yet easily overlooked factor affecting the quantification accuracy. This work experimentally investigated the electron knock-on damage effects on EMCD of magnetic metals using metallic cobalt as a model. Three issues are involved in the metal-surface damage process. It was revealed that under sustained electron irradiation during spectra acquisition, gradual removal of the thin surface oxidation layer, rather than a simple continuous thickness reduction that changes the diffraction and plural scattering conditions, can lead to notable residual nonmagnetic components in EMCD spectra and may make the quantified result of the orbital-to-spin moment ratio remarkably higher than the actual value. It was, thus, proposed to pay great attention to the surface oxidation and to minimize the effect of the oxidation layer by performing electron irradiation on the target area prior to EMCD experiments. A further experiment was additionally proposed to quantify the impact of thickness reduction on the magnetic components of momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectra and the EMCD quantification. This study advances the application of EMCD in magnetic metals.

A current-controlled magnonic reservoir for physical reservoir computing

Physical reservoir computers based on principles of magnonics promise energy efficient data processing and a reduction in the size and weight of the neuromorphic computing devices. The present work is a major step toward all-magnonic implementation of the recently proposed concept of a physical reservoir based on the spin wave active ring. The main component of the ring is a spin wave delay line employing a thin film of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) as the spin wave guiding medium. We propose controlling spin wave propagation in the YIG film electronically to enter input data into the reservoir. To this end, we exploit a physical effect of scattering of backward volume spin waves from a highly localized Oersted field of a dc current flowing through a metallic strip sitting on top of the YIG film. We find experimentally that a very small current (on the order of several milliamps) through the strip is able to control the amplitude of auto-oscillations in the ring. The use of the current control of spin wave propagation as a means to enter input data into the reservoir reduces the number of non-magnetic components of the reservoir to just one (a microwave amplifier). In addition, the proposed current-controlled magnonic reservoir demonstrates a record-high short-term memory capacity of 5.53, as our experiments show. Our findings open up an avenue for reduction of energy consumption by magnonic active-ring-based physical reservoirs, their micro-miniaturization, and all-magnonic implementation.

Shape-locking in architected materials through 3D printed magnetically activated joints

Shape morphing is the ability of objects to adapt to different shapes and reduce stress concentrations through increased contact area. This is a common trait of natural and engineered objects and has several applications in, among others, soft robotics and orthopedic implants. Shape morphing is achieved through flexible materials or rigid components with either kinematic or compliant joints. An additional step, namely shape locking, is needed for sustained load support. Activation of a locking mechanism can be done with any energy, among which magnetism is one. Here, we present the implementation of a magnetic locking mechanism for kinematically deformable metamaterial structures that maintain shape and support loads upon locking. The structure consists of 3D printed rigid magnetic and non-magnetic components connected by hinges. We created several prototypes of the proposed designs using two additive manufacturing methods (i.e., material extrusion and multi-material jetting) and demonstrated its application in a closed-loop grid for arbitrary shapes. Moreover, we characterized the performance of the prototypes using mechanical tests and multibody kinematic system simulations. This work highlights the viability of the locking concept and provides design considerations for future applications. Further improvement and optimizations are needed for increased efficiency and effectiveness.

Effective and asymptotic criticality of structurally disordered magnets

Changes in magnetic critical behaviour of quenched structurally-disordered magnets are usually exemplified in experiments and in MC simulations by diluted systems consisting of magnetic and non-magnetic components. In our study we aim to show that similar effects can be observed not only for diluted magnets with non-magnetic impurities but may be implemented, e.g., by the presence of two (and more) chemically different magnetic components as well. Therefore we consider a model of the structurally-disordered quenched magnet where all lattice sites are occupied by Ising-like spins of different lengths L. In such a random spin length Ising model, the length L of each spin is a random variable governed by the distribution function p(L). We demonstrate that this model belongs to the universality class of the site-diluted Ising model. This proves that both models are described by the same values of asymptotic critical exponents. However, their effective critical behaviour differs. As a case study, we consider a quenched mixture of two different magnets with values of elementary magnetic moments L1=1 and L2=s, and of concentration c and 1−c, correspondingly. We apply field-theoretical renormalization group approach to analyse the renormalization group flow for different initial conditions, triggered by s and c, and to calculate effective critical exponents further away from the fixed points of the renormalization group transformation. We show how the effective exponents are governed by difference in properties of the magnetic components.

Disentangling electrical switching of antiferromagnetic NiO using high magnetic fields

Recent demonstrations of the electrical switching of antiferromagnets (AFs) have given an enormous impulse to the field of AF spintronics. Many of these observations are plagued by non-magnetic effects that are very difficult to distinguish from the actual magnetic ones. Here, we study the electrical switching of thin (5 nm) NiO films in Pt/NiO devices using magnetic fields up to 15 T to quantitatively disentangle these magnetic and non-magnetic effects. We demonstrate that these fields suppress the magnetic components of the electrical switching of NiO, but leave the non-magnetic components intact. Using a monodomainization model the contributions are separated, showing how they behave as a function of the current density. These results show that combining electrical methods and strong magnetic fields can be an invaluable tool for AF spintronics, allowing for implementing and studying electrical switching of AFs in more complex systems.

FORMATION OF COMPOSITE COATINGS WITH MAGNETIC PROPERTIES IN AN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD

The article presents and analyzes the results of the study of the influence of a constant magnetic field on the electrodeposition processes of the ferrum family metals and their alloys. The studies performed indicate the effect of accelerating deposition, improving the surface morphology and hardness of the obtained coatings. Composite coatings applied under the influence of a constant magnetic field can have higher corrosion resistance, improved photocatalytic and magnetic properties than those obtained without it. It has been established that the presence of a constant magnetic field changes the chemical composition of the studied material. There is an increase in the ferromagnetic and a decrease in the diamagnetic component. To assess the magnetic properties, samples of Fe-Co-W and Fe-Co-Mo coatings deposited by unipolar pulsed current at different electrolysis durations were selected, which is due to the difference in the thickness and distribution of the components. The results obtained suggest that in the nonequilibrium process of electrodeposition in three-component alloys, clusters with a short-range order characteristic of a number of intermetallic nonmagnetic compounds are formed, which leads to a decrease in the saturation magnetization of the alloy. The Fe-Co-W coatings are characterized by higher values of the coercive force compared to amorphous alloys, in which the elements P, B, Si act as a non-magnetic component. Probably, for the Fe-Co-W alloy, large clusters with a compositional order similar to the arrangement of atoms in the paramagnetic intermetallic phase with tungsten, along with surface roughness and free volume, play a significant role in magnetization reversal. The results obtained make it possible to classify the obtained Fe-Co-W galvanic alloys as magnetically hard, and Fe-Co-Mo as magnetically soft materials, which, in combination with high microhardness, opens up prospects for the use of such systems in the production of magnetic elements for recording and reproducing information and microelectromechanical systems respectively. With properly designed field structures, new magnetic nanostructures and a new level of control over industrial catalytic and electroplating processes can be created.

Study of Wear, Stress and Vibration Characteristics of Silicon Carbide Tool Inserts and Nano Multi-Layered Titanium Nitride-Coated Cutting Tool Inserts in Turning of SS304 Steels.

Cutting tool characterization plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of machining operations. The selection of a suitable cutting material, the operating conditions for the work piece, is necessary to yield good cutting-tool life. Several pieces of research have been carried out in cutting-tool characteristics for turning operation. Only a few pieces of research have focused on correlating the vibrations and stress with wear characteristics. This research article deals with stress induced in silicon carbide tool inserts and coated tool inserts while machining SS304 steel. Since this material is much less resistant to corrosion and oxidation it is widely used in engineering applications such as cryogenics, the food industry and liquid contact surfaces. Moreover, these materials have much lower magnetic permeability so they are used as nonmagnetic engineering components which are very hard. This article focuses on the machining of SS304 by carbide tool inserts and then, the cutting forces were observed with a tool dynamometer. Using observed cutting forces, the induced stress in the lathe tool insert was determined by FEA investigation. This research also formulates an idea to predict the tool wear due to vibration. Apparently, the worn-out tool vibrates more than new tools. Using the results, the relation between stress, strain and feed rate, depth of cut and speed was found and mathematically modeled using MINI TAB. It was observed that carbide tool inserts with coating withstand better than uncoated tools while machining SS304. The results were anticipated and correlation between the machining parameters furnished the prediction of tool life and obtaining the best machining outcomes by using coated tool inserts.

Microstructure, magnetic properties, corrosion resistance and catalytic activity of dual-phase AlCoNiFeTi and AlCoNiFeTiSi high entropy alloys

The high entropy AlCoFeNiTi and AlCoFeNiTiSi alloys were prepared by two methods to determine the influence of the cooling rate on the structure and properties. The Mössbauer spectra of AlCoFeNiTi alloys showed the coexistence of a nonmagnetic part with a magnetic hyperfine portion. The spectra for AlCoFeNiTiSi alloy in an as-cast and plate states contain only nonmagnetic components. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the silicon addition drastically changes the phase composition of AlCoFeNiTi alloy. Whereas alloy without Si was characterised by the coexistence of L21 and BCC phases, the addition of silicon resulted in the formation of Ti-rich HCP and Al-rich B2 phases. AlCoFeNiTi plate exhibits a high saturation magnetisation value of 29.83 emu/g and the best corrosion resistance (polarisation resistance of about 38.6 kΩcm2 and corrosion current density of 0.77 μA/cm2). The highest hardness (1096 HV) was achieved for AlCoFeNiTiSi plate, which is related to the phase composition changes generated by Si addition. The influence of the Si addition on the properties of studied alloys was also confirmed in the decolourisation of Rhodamine B using a modified photo-Fenton process. The decolourisation efficiency within 60 min was 92% for AlCoFeNiTiSi alloy, and 95.5% for the AlCoFeNiTi alloy.

Features of Internal Friction in Ferromagnets

Based on the application of two model descriptions proposed by A.A. Rodionov, it is shown that description of internal friction of magnetic materials in various magnetoelastic states subjected to alternating elastic fields should consider not only the magnetic component but also the non-magnetic component along with its changes in the presence of the magnetic field.
 The magnetic component of internal friction is associated with the movement of domain boundaries (DG) (hysteresis attenuation (amplitude-dependent — irreversible displacements of DG)) and amplitude-independent (reversible displacements of DG without separation from the fixing points) with reversible and irreversible rotations of spontaneous magnetization vectors.
 The non-magnetic component is determined by several components, all of which can dominate over a particular region of frequencies, temperatures, external influences, and initial structural states of the system under study. It depends on the type of defects, their concentrations, and spatial and orientation distribution in crystals.
 The paper proposes an approach to separate the internal friction in magnetic materials into magnetic and non-magnetic components which can be extended to materials with domains and domain boundaries including antiferromagnets, ferroelectrics, ferromagnets, etc.
 This approach leads to an expansion of the previously used ideas about the method of separating the magnetic component from the recorded spectrum of internal friction.

Miniaturized tunable extended eight-port hybrid coupler for 1.5 T MRI

AbstractThis paper presents a miniaturized, tunable, high-power, eight-port hybrid coupler, based on a lumped element hybrid coupler topology. The 90° hybrid couplers are ubiquitous elements used for feeding RF coils in quadrature in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Due to the low Larmor frequency (64 MHz) of 1.5 T MRI, distributed elements are too large for practical circuits to drive multi-port RF coils. Thus, miniaturization with MRI-compatible, non-magnetic, and high-power components is necessary. First, a miniaturized hybrid coupler is proposed for MRI systems with non-magnetic variable capacitors. Afterwards, the miniaturization methodology is applied to develop an eight-port coupler, capable of supporting both a transmit and a receive quadrature RF coil system. The high-power (up to 1 kilowatt) extended coupler measures 10 cm × 6 cm. Test results show that each port has a return loss of more than 16 dB, each input-isolated port is isolated by more than 24 dB, and each output has an insertion loss of less than 2.5 dB and output phases of 0.0°, 90.8°, 182.1°, and 278.7°.

MRI-compatible electromagnetic servomotor for image-guided medical robotics

The soft-tissue imaging capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with high precision robotics has the potential to improve the precision and safety of a wide range of image-guided medical procedures. However, functional MRI-compatible robotics have not yet been realized in part because conventional electromagnetic servomotors can become dangerous projectiles near the strong magnetic field of an MRI scanner. Here we report an electromagnetic servomotor constructed from non-magnetic components, where high-torque and controlled rotary actuation is produced via interaction between electrical current in the servomotor armature and the magnetic field generated by the superconducting magnet of the MRI scanner itself. Using this servomotor design, we then build and test an MRI-compatible robot which can achieve the linear forces required to insert a large-diameter biopsy instrument in tissue during simultaneous MRI. Our electromagnetic servomotor can be safely operated (while imaging) in the patient area of a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner.

Magnetic separation as part of new nickel concentrate processing technology at Kola MMC: performance analysis and upgrade. Part II

The change in Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company JSC (KMMK) smelter technology upon processing nickel concentrate from separation of copper-nickel matte considerably toughened the requirements to nickel powder of tube-type furnaces be ing subject to chlorine dilution in tank house. The operational imperfection of current technology of magnetic separation site when separating the non-magnetic component, and the peculiarities of the raw materials behavior discovered at the start of production have required the site upgrade. The research presented in the materials is the second part of the work on considering ways to improve the quality of the resulting product by separating materials based on the difference in their magnetic properties. In the present paper, we consider feasibility of control magnetic separation. The performance of control magnetic separation were determined upon the change in feed size, rotation frequency of the drum and magnetic field strength at the main and control separation. The research undertaken has determined the operation parameters of the expected process flowsheet of magnetic separation site consisting of two process units: two-stage crushing-classification and two-stage magnetic separation. According to the experimental data reported, the recommended crushing operation parameters are set, both the magnetic induction field and rotation frequency defined at the main and control separation. Calculation of performance indicators for nickel powder recovery as per the suggested flowsheet has been has been carried out, losses of nickel returned to head units of nickel raw materials process chain (work-in-process) have been estimated for two process flowsheets, current and perspective.

Understanding the Composition of Zircon Concentrate and Applicable Concentration and Processing Techniques

This paper describes a comprehensive study that looked at the zircon concentrate produced by Obukhovsky GOK located in Northern Kazakhstan. The study examined the elemental composition and the size distribution of the primary ore and zircon concentrate. The authors examined possible optimization of the concentrate quality, as well as the applicability of dry magnetic separation. The study proved the efficiency of dry magnetic separation for separation of magnetic impurities. The concentration of zirconium in the concentrate increased up to 39 wt.% (53 wt.% expressed as ZrO2), whereas zirconium losses were about 4%. The process of magnetic separation was carried out using the EVS-10/5 magnetic separator by Mekhanobr-Tekhnika at the magnetic induction of 1.7 Tesla and the feed rate of 5 g/min. The authors examined the applicability of the flotation process for the separation of non-magnetic components from Obukhovsky GOK’s zircon concentrate. The study was carried out on the laboratory flotation unit FML 1 by Mekhanobr-Tekhnika with oleic acid used as the flotation reagent. The elemental composition of the ore and concentrates was analyzed using the sequential X-ray fluorescence spectrometer XRF-1800. Techniques were examined that help recover zirconium dioxide from Obukhovsky GOK’s zircon concentrate. Sintering techniques were tested when zircon concentrate was sintered with alkali metal fluorides, soda ash and sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide sintering proved to deliver the best recovery rate, with an almost 100% recovery of zirconium into the solution. The sodium carbonate sintering delivered a 56% recovery, while a 7.5% recovery was reached when sintering with sodium and potassium fluorides.The authors who contributed to this paper include V. I. Sachkov, R. A. Nefedov, R. O. Medvedev, A. S. Sachkova, O. V. Nefedova, D. A. Biryukov.The authors would like to thank the Tomsk Regional Centre of Shared Knowledge for their support of this research work. This research was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under the Governmental Assignment no. FSWM-2020-0028.

Behaviour of SiO2 during a new process applied to nickel concentrate from matte separation at Kola MMC

Kola MMC has built a new nickel site that relies on chlorine leaching of nickel powder followed by electrowinning of nickel with insoluble anodes. After the new site had been commissioned, the operations of the refining facility saw changes, the electric anode furnaces were taken out of service, and a magnetic separation section was commissioned. The latter helps remove unreacted coal, metal oxides and other non-magnetic components from the tube kiln nickel powder thus ensuring its optimized quality. At the same time, once the electric furnaces had been removed from the process, it created the need for strict control over carbon and slag-forming constituent concentration in the nickel powder that goes to the chlorine leaching section. This paper looks at the history of the process behind the production of roasted nickel – the product of fluidized-bed furnaces – and describes the revamping stages witnessed by the Kola MMC site. The paper also analyzes certain features related to the current processing of nickel concentrates – from nickel matte separation to the production of nickel metal powder. The latter is further sent for chlorine leaching and in the presence of chlorine gas it gets dissolved. Then copper, iron, zinc and cobalt are removed from the resultant liquor and the purified sulphate-chloride solution goes in the electrolysis cells where high-purity nickel cathodes are produced. The authors analyzed the compositions of the key components in the studied materials of the nickel processing line. Special attention is given to the behaviour of silicon dioxide as one of the impurities causing most problems in the new process.

Magnetic, structural and Mössbauer study of soils from an ancient mining area in Huancavelica-Peru

We present the magnetic, structural and 57Fe Mossbauer characterization of soils collected from an ancient mercury contaminated city named Huancavelica in Peru. The characterization results indicate that silicates and carbonates are the main mineralogical constituents in the samples. In addition, 57Fe Mössbauer spectra at room temperature reveal, the presence of two components: a magnetic component related to magnetic Fe-oxides (magnetite, hematite, goethite) and a high non-magnetic component related to Fe+3 in high spin configuration and tetrahedral coordination in silicates. The magnetization measurements present screening of paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic signals, typical from soils containing different silicates and iron minerals. Remarkably the Verwey and Morin transitions corresponding to magnetite and hematite, respectively, are screened by the paramagnetic signal corresponding to the major silicate components in the samples. Overall, the soils are mainly composed of crystalline and amorphous silicates, calcites and iron bearing which are typical from Andean soils.

Fabrication and evaluation of bilateral Helmholtz radiofrequency coil for thermo-stable breast image with reduced artifacts.

PurposeThe positron emission tomography (PET)‐magnetic resonance (MR) system is a newly emerging technique that yields hybrid images with high‐resolution anatomical and metabolic information. With PET‐MR imaging, a definitive diagnosis of breast abnormalities will be possible with high spatial accuracy and images will be acquired for the optimal fusion of anatomic locations. Therefore, we propose a PET‐compatible two‐channel breast MR coil with minimal disturbance to image acquisition which can be used for simultaneous PET‐MR imaging in patients with breast cancer.Materials and MethodsFor coil design and construction, the conductor loops of the Helmholtz coil were tuned, matched, and subdivided with nonmagnetic components. Element values were optimized with an electromagnetic field simulation. Images were acquired on a GE 600 PET‐computed tomography (CT) and GE 3.0 T MR system. For this study, we used the T1‐weighted image (volunteer; repetition time (TR), 694 ms; echo time (TE), 9.6 ms) and T2‐weighted image (phantom; TR, 8742 ms; TE, 104 ms) with the fast spin‐echo sequence.ResultsThe results of measuring image factors with the proposed radiofrequency (RF) coil and standard conventional RF coil were as follows: signal‐to‐noise ratio (breast; 207.7 vs. 175.2), percent image uniformity (phantom; 89.22%–91.27% vs. 94.63%–94.77%), and Hounsfield units (phantom; ‐4.51 vs. 2.38).ConclusionsOur study focused on the feasibility of proposed two‐channel Helmholtz loops (by minimizing metallic components and soldering) for PET‐MR imaging and found the comparable image quality to the standard conventional coil. We believe our work will help significantly to improve image quality with the development of a less metallic breast MR coil.

Modeling and validation of stray-field loss inside magnetic and non-magnetic components under harmonics-DC hybrid excitations based on updated TEAM Problem 21

Purpose This paper aims to propose and establish a set of new benchmark models to investigate and confidently validate the modeling and prediction of total stray-field loss inside magnetic and non-magnetic components under harmonics-direct current (HDC) hybrid excitations. As a new member-set (P21e) of the testing electromagnetic analysis methods Problem 21 Family, the focus is on efficient analysis methods and accurate material property modeling under complex excitations. Design/methodology/approach This P21e-based benchmarking covers the design of new benchmark models with magnetic flux compensation, the establishment of a new benchmark measurement system with HDC hybrid excitation, the formulation of the testing program (such as defined Cases I–V) and the measurement and prediction of material properties under HDC hybrid excitations, to test electromagnetic analysis methods and finite element (FE) computation models and investigate the electromagnetic behavior of typical magnetic and electromagnetic shields in electrical equipment. Findings The updated Problem 21 Family (V.2021) can now be used to investigate and validate the total power loss and the different shielding performance of magnetic and electromagnetic shields under various HDC hybrid excitations, including the different spatial distributions of the same excitation parameters. The new member-set (P21e) with magnetic flux compensation can experimentally determine the total power loss inside the load-component, which helps to validate the numerical modeling and simulation with confidence. The additional iron loss inside the laminated sheets caused by the magnetic flux normal to the laminations must be correctly modeled and predicted during the design and analysis. It is also observed that the magnetic properties (B27R090) measured in the rolling and transverse directions with different direct current (DC) biasing magnetic field are quite different from each other. Research limitations/implications The future benchmarking target is to study the effects of stronger HDC hybrid excitations on the internal loss behavior and the microstructure of magnetic load components. Originality/value This paper proposes a new extension of Problem 21 Family (1993–2021) with the upgraded excitation, involving multi-harmonics and DC bias. The alternating current (AC) and DC excitation can be applied at the two sides of the model’s load-component to avoid the adverse impact on the AC and DC power supply and investigate the effect of different AC and DC hybrid patterns on the total loss inside the load-component. The overall effectiveness of numerical modeling and simulation is highlighted and achieved via combining the efficient electromagnetic analysis methods and solvers, the reliable material property modeling and prediction under complex excitations and the precise FE computation model using partition processing. The outcome of this project will be beneficial to large-scale and high-performance numerical modeling.

Magneto-optical properties of two – layer film systems based on Fe and Pt

The paper shows the experimental results of the study of magneto - optical properties and phase composition of thin films and multilayers based on Fe and Pt. Samples were obtained in a high-vacuum chamber (10–8 Pa) by layer-by-layer deposition from pots at room temperature. It has been shown that FCC solid solution of FePt is formed already in the process of deposition on the substrate (sital plates). Depending on the concentration of the atoms of the components in the unannealed samples, three phases can be formed: (i) s.s. Fe(Pt); (ii) Fe3Pt; (iii) FePt. The first sign of the beginning of ordering in the FCC phase of FePt should be considered the appearance of superreflections in the form of lines (001) and (002) during heat treatment. Depending on the total thickness of the multilayer or individual layers, the annealing temperature at which extrareflexes appear can vary in the range of 300–570 K. All the samples obtained have a low coercivity (0.25 - 0.4 mT). Magneto-optical studies have shown that an increase in the content of the non-magnetic component decreases the main magnetic characteristics. However, In [Fe(3)/Pt(3)]n/S multilayers with the number of repeatable elements from 2 to 8 an increase in the main magnetic parameters is observed compared with bilayer films at the same effective thickness.