Non-linguistic Elements Research Articles

‘Al-Hay As-Sini’ explored: the linguistic and semiotic landscape of Dubai Mall ‘Chinatown’ as a translated space and transnational contact zone

ABSTRACT Dubai in the UAE is a poster child of the region. The ‘Chinatown’ within Dubai Mall is an artificially-made theme-park-style place and a commodified space designed for consumption, which stands in contrast to traditional and naturally-occurring Chinatowns in North America, Europe and Southeast Asia. A new addition to the luxurious Dubai Mall, the ‘Chinatown’ features shops and restaurants in a China-inspired environment. Representing a different ethnolinguistic ecology, the ‘Chinatown’ is a unique existence in a superdiverse and mobile country made up of local Arabs and foreign workers/expats from the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and beyond. This study explores how various linguistic and multimodal elements participate in the making of the linguistic/semiotic landscape of Dubai Mall ‘Chinatown’. This study highlights that both linguistic (Chinese characters) and non-linguistic elements (e.g. red colour and neon lights) are strategically combined as meaning-making resources to give the area authenticity and a unique image and identity. Conceptually, this ‘Chinatown’ is theorised as a case of ‘translation’ and cultural (re)contextualisation, where cultural elements from a far-away land are localised/recontextualised to adopt new social meanings. This study contributes to scholarship in sociolinguistics and applied linguistics, especially in commodified man-made spaces in transnational urban zones in our globalised world.

The Interconnection between Systemic Functional Language and the Grammar of Visual Design in the Context of Advertising Language

The research investigates the interconnection between Systemic Functional Theory (SFT) and the grammar of visual design in the context of advertising language. Systemic Functional Theory, a linguistic model introduced by Halliday (1985), emphasizes the functional aspects of language, focusing on how language functions within its social context. This study aims to explore the synergy between SFL by Halliday (1985) and the grammar of visual design by Kress & Van Leeuwen (2006), particularly in the domain of advertising language. The examination encompasses the analysis of linguistic elements, such as sentence structure and vocabulary, alongside non-linguistic elements inherent in visual design, seeking to unveil the intricate relationship between linguistic and visual choices in advertising. By delving into this intersection, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Systemic Functional Theory informs and enriches the grammar of visual design within the realm of advertising language.

Menganalisis Pengucapan Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Papua

This research is a case study research. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Data sources used are events, informants, and documents. Data collection techniques are carried out by direct observation, interviews, and documents. The test of data validity used is source triangulation and method triangulation. The data analysis technique used is flow model data analysis. The results of this study are descriptions of: (1) the characteristics of Papuan accent Indonesian are distinguished based on linguistic and nonlinguistic elements. Linguistic elements include; (a) phoneme replacement; (b) diphthong replacement; (c) phoneme completion; (d) the use of intonation. Nonlinguistic elements are speech events and paralinguistics; (2) factors that influence the emergence of Papuan characteristics Indonesian accents, namely; (a) administrative units; (b) a special sense of community identity; (c) reside in the same geographical area; (d) historical experience; (3) Indonesian Papuan accent has relevance as teaching material for sociolinguistic courses in the Indonesian Education Study Program.

Rise of Conceptual Association and Linguistic Register as Advertiser Persuasive Instruments

Consumer advertising is remarkable in its propensity to socially recalibrate and adopt new technology, thus providing a spectacular range of information-dissemination methodology in multimodal formats. Unsurprisingly then, the sensory-input phenomena of advertising language attract interdisciplinary interest. Despite researcher diversity, conceptual association presents as a premier audience-sensitive instrument deployed in relay of advertiser-intended meanings: in this dynamic, socio-culturally appropriate messaging is attempted via linguistic register (word choices) tied in semantic interdependency with non-linguistic elements. Compositional meaning-maker favourites include abbreviations, symbols, presupposition and implicature as facilitators of ‘hidden’ meanings. Here, an under-researched area emerges on the historical plane—namely the origin story of conceptual association as an operative in consumer-oriented rhetoric and its pragmatic transit from early-seller composition toward the kaleidoscope of today’s advertising broadband. In this vein, the evolutionary path of promotional discourse is traced via an Australian 1800s–1950s press dataset. The data evidences abbreviations and symbols in consumer advertising by the late 1840s and pegs the rise of presupposition and implicature to the 1850s. This finding, as historical backdrop, complements inquiries that illuminate how compositional choices work to generate non-evidence-based benefits that induce positive appraisal and, further, raises the formative journey of English as today’s global lingua franca of consumer advertising.

Kinship Terminology as a (Still) Significant Anthropological Analytical Category

This paper explains the concept of kinship terminology as an analytical category in anthropology and highlights its importance. Special attention is given to the differences in approach and methodology employed in anthropology compared to comparative philology and historical linguistics when it comes to this type of research. In addition to discussing the typology of kinship terminology systems, the paper addresses current knowledge regarding two longstanding questions: 1. the relationship between kinship terminology and non-linguistic elements (principles of social organisation and kinship behaviour), and 2. historical changes and transformations of kinship terminological systems.
 From the perspective of contemporary anthropology, when interpreting the prevalence of different types of kinship terminology worldwide, it is necessary to consider and distinguish between two principles of grouping: the ‘principle of propinquity’ and the ‘principle of form.’ The principle of propinquity can be applied when dealing with societies that are linguistically, geographically, and historically connected. When terminologies with the same formal characteristics, including identical rules of kinship classification, exist in geographically, linguistically, and historically distinct and distant societies, the principle of form is applied, which focuses more on logical rather than historical connections between systems.
 While earlier studies focused on finding logically powerful and empirically efficient analytical means of classification, in recent decades the emphasis has increasingly shifted towards broader social, historical, and cognitive issues and processes. Contemporary approaches to kinship terminology aim to identify and explain variations rather than categorise such systems into one general category or another. Because what matters is not which category fits better, but rather which features can be combined in different ways to form a concrete system in the real world.

Implementing ICARE training model to enhance Indonesian students’ emceeing skills: Its process and impact

Having a good command of public speaking skills has been considered a pivotal modal for students to gain academic achievement and professional success. Practicing to be a master of ceremony can be a means of elevating public speaking skills. However, mastering the emceeing skills is not an easy task since it requires the students’ competencies to make use of linguistic and non-linguistic resources. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the results of the implementation of the ICARE model (Introduction, Connection, Application, Reflection, and Extension) to enhance students’ linguistic- and non-linguistic-related emceeing skills. This research employed a quantitative and qualitative approaches, using an observation sheet, interview protocol, and pre and posttest. The results showed that the training activities focused on establishing a group collaboration and promoted confidence in linguistic and non-linguistic mastery. The observation results revealed that the application of the ICARE model was considered helpful since it could facilitate teaching and learning activities in a more contextual way, with active, creative, and fun characteristics (joyful learning) and obtained a positive response from the students. They could relate it to everyday life. The statistical results of the pre and posttest scores demonstrated the effectiveness of the ICARE model in enhancing the students’ language and non-language-related emceeing skills. The results affirm the importance of mastering linguistic and non-linguistic elements that contribute to increased public speaking skills.

Fear of a Black Language: A Radical Language Policy Perspective to the Afrobarometer

Aim/Purpose: This paper complicates Black English-speaking Quebecers by mapping them to the poli-tics of multilingualism, through attempting to join Black and African thinkers on the dialectics of linguistic (in)securities. In particular, it joins “Francophone” and “Anglo-phone” Caribbean intellectuals: Édouard Glissant and Edward Kamau Brathwaite, in dialogue with Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, a pan-African intellectual. Background: Official language policies, ideologies, and practices within Canada and Quebec contribute to the marginalization of the Black population, in particular Black English-speakers in Quebec, as a double minority. Language is an important intersectional factor effecting the wellbeing of Black English-speaking Quebecers as it plays a significant role in their “experiences” of racial discrimination. Methodology: To challenge various forms of hegemonies and obscuration of violence that positivist logics engender through quantitative means; this paper aligns with emerging approaches critical quantitative approaches. Binary logistic regression model based on linguistic variables (home language practice) and non-linguistic variables (country, age, agency, trust) is employed to predict absence or presence of linguistic security using SPSS. Findings: The results of the logistic analysis indicate that the five-predictor model provided a sta-tistically significant prediction of linguistic security, χ2(5, n = 3891) = 114.759, p < 0.001. This is points to how individual language policy operates in a “complex ecological rela-tionship among a wide range of linguistic and non-linguistic elements, variables, and fac-tors.” A critical implication of this is for language to be taken seriously, in newer rounds of the Afrobarometer, as it was in former years. This would entail challenging the nation-state framework of the Afrobarometer. Impact on Society: Language policies historically, and in present times, are tools of linguistic hegemony, colonial violence, and repression. Thinking about how language policy operates beyond nation-state borders with Caribbean and Pan- Africanist thinkers, in relation multilingual being, carves new possibilities for linguistic securities.

대학생 학습 일기 활용과 영어 학습 효과에 관한 사례연구

This study investigates the effects of reflective journal writing in university English reading classes. To improve learning effectiveness, students developed weekly reflective journals as a tool for their English learning process. The research samples include four department students, two from the College of Business administration and the others from Engineering College. Ninety-one participants submitted 1,011 study journals for qualitative data. This study identified the linguistic and non-linguistic elements underpinning the recurring theme pattern. The categorized themes are discussed further with the quantitative data of numerical frequency and qualitative journal data. The study results show that reflective journal experience contributed to the students'' introspection about the learning process, self-motivation, and, eventually, English language achievement. The study''s implications consider how university students could utilize journals for their life plans, career discussion, and the development of reflective thinking. (Incheon National University)

Reexamining feedback on L2 digital writing

The integration of digital multimodal composing (DMC) in the second language (L2) and heritage language (HL) classrooms has expanded our notion of writing, shifting from a focus on the written mode to include other modes of expression (e.g., visual, textual, or aural). Notwithstanding the increasing presence of L2 multimodal learning tasks, which combine different semiotic resources (e.g., language and visual components such as images or videos) as intrinsic elements used to generate meaning, instructors have not yet modified the way in which they provide feedback. That is, despite the increasing integration of different modes in a multimodal task, instructors still focus exclusively on language development – replicating the feedback behaviors modeled by non-digital writing assignments – rather than on all the components of multimodal texts. In digitally influenced environments and societies, however, there is a need to reconsider our approaches to feedback to pay greater attention to the linguistic and nonlinguistic elements of DMC. With the scarcity of research on feedback in DMC, this article first identifies a gap in multimodal teaching and research regarding the role and focus on feedback in DMC, and, second, provides an assessment rubric from which to base formative feedback that addresses both linguistic and nonlinguistic elements to help students develop their multimodal texts.

From Linguistic Landscape to Semiotic Assemblages in a Local Market

Abstract Landscape can be seen as a set of signs, landscape is foreground rather than background, and signs are semiotic items rather than just forms of public signage (Pennycook 2021), therefore the present research moves away from the traditional, text-centred approach of landscape analysis in order to examine not only the linguistic signs but the non-linguistic elements as artefacts, which take place in the brand identity construction of a local small and medium-sized enterprise (SME). The article argues that these elements as assembling artefacts become parts of semiotic assemblages inhabiting the space and represent a key feature of brand identity construction with a focus on the commodification of languages, cultures, and identities. The data consist of observation notes, photographs, and interviews obtained from an ethnographic fieldwork in Sfântu Gheorghe, Romania. The analysis presents a case study based on the concept of semiotic assemblages. The assemblage of linguistic and other resources, such as the smell of smoked meat products, the tune of Szekler folk songs, together with assembling artefacts such as sausages and other Szekler products attract customers to participate in meaning making. The effects generated by an assemblage have the ability to make something happen, in our case attract customers to SMEs.

Izazovi u prevođenju stručnih tekstova na primjeru turističkih publikacija u prevodu na francuski i italijanski jezik

Translating texts in the field of tourism often seems simpler than it is. With an excellent command of the source and target languages, the skills of written expression in both languages, and a good knowledge of adequate professional terminology, a translator of texts in the field of tourism is expected to have a very broad general knowledge (Vidić 110) and to be a connoisseur of cultural differences in both countries or cultures. In addition to their profession as a translator, their task is to respect the cultural differences and the economic reality of the country into whose language they translate. As such a good knowledge of non-linguistic elements is «a prerequisite for achieving correct translation» (Piletić 31). Furthermore, the translator needs to have extensive translation experience and master the rules of stylistic use and textual interpretation. It is necessary to point out that their command of the target language is more important than their knowledge of the source language (Hlebec 21). Hence, in situations where there is a need to translate into the target language, it is recommended to hire translators whose mother tongue is that language. The research aims to raise awareness of the importance of good translation in overall tourist communication, and the need for the more active involvement of the local and wider community in this issue. It should be remembered that, in many cases, the translation of a certain text, whether in print or online, represents for foreign tourists the first indirect contact with the destination, and becomes their kind of «interface between different linguistic and cultural systems» (Mardešić and Maržić Sabalić 2). The aforementioned authors are therefore right to wonder «whether anyone can do a translation». We would supplement this idea by posing the question: «Can anyone be a publisher? »This opens a wider range of questions related to the responsibility of those involved in copyright protection, but also the national interest of the state that proclaimed the development of tourism as its most important strategic direction, while presenting itself in a less than perfect light at the same time. Raising the level of quality is necessary not only in translation but also in all tourist services provided in foreign languages; in the field of education in particular, that requires the more meaningful, purposeful, and appliacble teaching and learning of foreign languages in both schools and universities.

The Media in the Construction of Reality in the Context of Colombian Social Nonconformity

Introduction: Convergence of linguistics and semiotics materializes in the text not only the conceptual content that is expressed through codes, but the message also underlies the realism of the communicative intentions of the issuing agent in a specific context and the value of the interactions of the actors of the communicative act. Methodology: The vision of reality that is established in the collective imaginary must be analyzed from the interpretation of society and culture, the laws of operation and their constituent parts. For this, this research approached two newspapers of national circulation, five general radio channels of national coverage, and two television newscasts of private channels, and through the use of quantitative instruments, the posts, tweets or videos were reviewed in order to analyze the constituent elements of the discourse—text, images, hashtags, or keywords—which are appreciated from the syntactic and semantic perspectives (structural) and pragmatics (functional). Results: The communication process in its social context denotes the intervention of nonlinguistic elements of sociocultural order that demarcate the generation and interpretation of the meanings and senses of linguistic expressions. Discussion: The linguistic structure offers conditions for communication, but any generation and transmission of meanings is a product of the intention of the subjects who use it for specific purposes and in specific communicative situations within a social context. Conclusions: Intensive use of digital technology and social networks naturalized a relationship of proximity and familiarity in the communication process, satisfaction of needs in the multiplicity of information that is created and distributed in the network bundled to mobile devices and the political and social ecosystem of the nation.

Variasi Bahasa Anak pada Perkawinan Campur Buton Cia-Cia Laporo dan Banjar

This study aimed to examine the variation in children's language in mixed marriages between Buton Cia-Cia Laporo and Banjar in Samarinda City. The research method uses qualitative methods. The research location is in Sungai Dama Village, Samarinda City. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, documents, and interviews. Data collection, reduction, presentation, analysis, and concluding are data analysis techniques. The study results can be classified based on the language variation of children in mixed marriages, Buton Cia-Cia Laporo and Banjar. First, the speaker aspect consists of: (1) dialect; (2) idiolect; and (3) sociolect, which includes colloquial and the use of variations of Indonesian and Butonese Cia-Cia Laporo with the influence of Banjarese dialects. Second, the formal aspect consists of (1) casual variety, (2) familiar variety, and (3) the variety of businesses, and generally, the children use the Butonese Cia-Cia Laporo and Banjar languages. The three aspects of use consist of (1) the field of education; (2) the health sector in the form of a series of vocabulary, phrases and acronyms. Fourth, the aspect of facilities is a variety of spoken language characterized by non-linguistic elements.

ANALISIS GILIR BICARA DALAM TUTURAN LISAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN TEKS EDITORIAL DI SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2 GENTENG

This study has four objectives, namely 1) describing the forms and characteristics of spoken language variations, 2) explaining linguistic and non-linguistic elements in spoken language variations, 3) explaining the stages of spoken language variations, and 4) describing the form of conversational structures related to functional models. take turns talking in learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Genteng. To answer the problems formulated by the researchers, it was carried out using the theory of variations in spoken language with the functional method of speech rotation. This research belongs to the type of descriptive research with qualitative analysis data processing techniques. Data and Sources of data in this study in the form of transcripts of learning activities carried out by teachers and students who are in progress. The results of the research obtained are that Indonesian Language Learning in the Editorial Text of SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Genteng shows that there is a shift in speech and the use of language variations in the learning process. In the interaction or communication carried out in learning activities, the five structures or organizations of the conversation will be linked, namely speaking shifts, pauses, overlaps, back channels, and agency pairs.

PRAGMATIC ISSUES ON MODERN ADVERTISEMENT SLOGANS

In this paper, the pragmatic issues in both print and electronic media were examined. We focused on the non-linguistic elements in targeting message. We also considered how linguistic elements interfere with non-linguistic ones in communicating message. The paper investigated some crucial pragmatic issues in modern advertisement slogan. We discovered the role of both linguistic and non-linguistic elements in conveying messages from the advertisers to their audience. We also found out that context play a vital role in the choice of language use in advertising. We discovered a drastic semantic distortion or obstacle in modern advertisement slogan as a result of some pragmatic loopholes inherent in advertisement such as ambiguities, anomalies and deifications. It was also found out that advertisers do objectify experience at the expense of their customers. We concluded that there are some pragmatic squabbles facing advertisement. Our data was collected through bill boards, graffiti news papers, magazines etc. And the work was framed on Bach and Harnish (1979) theory of mutual contextual belief.

SYNTAX OR SEMANTICS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

The aim and purpose of this study was to investigate whether semantics was more important for a language or syntax. In other words, it is proposed to know whether meaning is more important for a language or structure. It aimed to investigate why semantics or syntax has more importance and how. This study was proposed to answer the research questions that how and why semantics is comparatively more important than syntax for a language. The research was conducted to analyze both the domains comparatively and analytically. The findings suggest that semantics is more important for a language because meaning is both internal and external to language unlike structure which is internal to language as the world and the context rely on the words and the text. Furthermore, the findings suggest that semantics is preferred over syntax because the violated categories of syntax have a potential to convey a meaning whereas the ambiguous meaning can result in the failure of cooperative communication. The common syntactic patterns of the languages e.g. SOV, VSO and SVO can still make the meanings clear if they are not patterned appropriately except for some cases according to the findings. The findings illustrate that the assumptions of semantics have more potential to be focused than syntactic elements. The results suggest that semantics fits into usefulness of language in real life unlike syntax which is an internal reality of a language. Accordingly, meaning is concerned with linguistic and non-linguistic elements whereas structure deals with only linguistic elements. Semantics gained importance because semantics has more significance in comparison with syntax in language comprehension and in terms of semantic characteristics. Keywords: Semantics, Syntax, Structure, Meaning, Language, Importance, Comparison.

A Study of the Yoruba Traditional Marriage as a Rite of Passage

This study observes marriage as a rite of passage and identifies the symbolic communicative elements deployed in the Yoruba traditional marriage processes to ease the transition of a bride from one status to another. It particularly examines the signification of its linguistic elements as transition vehicle that convey the bride through the pre liminal, liminal and post liminal stages of her rite of passage. The study adopts qualitative research technique to critically analyse and interpret the linguistic (lexical/verbal words, phrases, and sentences) and non-linguistics (non-verbal pictorials, facial expressions, emotions) elements in the music drama deployed as semiotics resources in this work from the social and cultural semiotics perspectives. The study concludes that the identified linguistic and non-linguistic elements of the drama music used as data in this work are the Yoruba semiotics resources, which their imports give physical and psychological strength to a bride, in the marriage’s rite of passage.

Element of Politeness in Intercultural Communication: The Case Study of Japanese and Malaysian Tourists

The number of Japanese tourists visiting Malaysia has consistently ranked in the top ten over the last 20 years. Japan has been the country of choice for Malaysian tourists over the previous ten years. It is, therefore, crucial that tourism communication in the cross-cultural context between Malaysia and Japan is used as a reference to improve the cross-cultural communication skills of the tourism employees involved. This article discusses the external structure of Japanese conversation between native Japanese speakers and Malaysian tourist guides and native Malay speakers with Japanese tourist guides. This study is qualitative and uses the discourse analysis approach. A total of four conversation sessions in the form of Free Independent Travel (FIT) tourism were held in Malacca and Tokyo. The conversations were recorded, and the researchers also made notes throughout the conversation to see the sentence structures and non-linguistic elements to complete the data. The recording was then transcribed and encoded before being analysed. Only the conversations by tourist guides were analysed and included in the contents of this article as the focus of the study is more on the external form and politeness of the Japanese language used by Malaysian and Japanese tourist guides in demonstrating solidarity and similarities in the context of cross-cultural conversation. Data analysis shows many similarities in the selection of vocabulary and specific verb forms by Japanese and Malaysian tourist guides to show courtesy and friendliness in the conversation. This proves that Japanese language skills by Malaysian tourist guides are almost on par with Japanese tourist guides. Malaysian tourist guides also have a vast knowledge of the culture and nature of the Japanese language.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Berbicara dengan Pendekatan Komunikatif-Integratif di SMK Nusantara Plus Tangerang Selatan

This study aims to improve students' speaking skills with a communicative-integrative approach at SMP Nusantara Plus Tangerang Selatan with the material of continuing the story. The subjects of this study were students of class 7A who were relevant to 30 people. The design in this research is classroom action research (classroom action research) which is conducted in three cycles. The data aids used are observation, interviews. The results of the study in cycles 1-3 said that the students' ability in speaking through the communicative-integrative approach had a significant increase. This increase can be seen based on the average value obtained when students carry out the teaching and learning process with the material continuing the story. In the first cycle, the number of students who told stories was 30 students with 70.55%. In the second cycle, 37 students who told stories had increased by 73.46%. In the third cycle, the number of students who told stories was 39 students with a percentage of 83.67%increased by 9.89%. The increase in speaking ability also increases with the increase in the average student activity during learning. The average student activity in cycle I was 65.30%. Student activity in cycle II had an increase of 9.48%, which was 75.77%, and activity in cycle III was 89.90%, which was an increase of 11, 65% of the average activity in cycle II. With the results obtained in each cycle, it is clear that they try to express their ideas and ideas when telling stories using communicative language and pay attention to linguistic and non-linguistic elements.

How ISIS represented enemies as ineffectual in Dabiq: A multimodal critical discourse analysis

This paper is a multimodal critical discourse study of other-representation in ISIS’s magazine, Dabiq, It focuses on both the micro-level analysis of actor and action representation, and the macro-structure of negative other-depiction in Dabiq from both textual and visual perspectives. Through in-depth examination of linguistic and non-linguistic elements, the study aimed to unfold ISIS’s ideology at the global level, which is to construct its desired reality and eventually to recruit supporters. The analysis was carried out on fifteen issues of Dabiq following a conceptual and analytical framework within Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis employing Van Leeuwen’s Socio-semantic inventory. The results show a considerable number of systematic utilizations of discursive strategies by ISIS to belittle its enemies and downgrade their practices. Throughout Dabiq, the out-group participants are represented either as passive reactants who are afflicted by ISIS’s attacks or as powerless agents whose actions are trivial and carry no significant weight. Ineffectuality of ‘others’ has further been substantiated by the visual analysis. Deactivation of out-groups is closely tied to ISIS’s propaganda of self-alteration to achieve the double aim of casting fear among their adversaries and brainwashing the audience by twisting the reality, and persuading them that the enemies’ chance of winning this war is dim.