Non-keratinized Squamous Epithelium Research Articles

ERUPTION CYST OVERLYING THE CROWN OF UPPER RIGHT FIRST PREMOLAR: A CASE REPORT

Introduction: An eruption cyst is one of the odontogenic cyst involving the soft tissue, associated with the eruption of the primary or permanent tooth that lies behind the cyst. It often occurs in children; first permanent molars and maxillary incisors are the most prevalent teeth. Case: This article report an eruption cyst case in a 9-year-old female patient. The patient came with swelling on the gingiva overlying the crown of 14, and , clinically, the tooth has not erupted yet. Intraoral examination revealed the presence of smooth swelling, 1 cm x 0.8 cm, with bluish-black color. Case Management: Surgical incision under local anesthesia was performed to remove the cyst and exposed the tooth. Discussion: Eruption cyst is a soft tissue cyst. The exact aetiology remains unclear. It appears as a dome-shaped swelling, soft, transparent, bluish to blue-black color. It’s hard to distinguish eruption cyst on radiograph examination, because it’s a soft tissue cyst, no bone involvement. Histologically, it presents connective tissue covered with layer of non-keratinized squamous epithelium. A small asymptomatic eruption cyst does not require any treatment because it could rupture spontaneously. If it causes a problem, it must be removed by incision and drainage the cyst fluid contents. In this case, the cyst treated with simple incision, the tooth was exposed and could erupt normally. Conclusion: The latest knowledge and developments in diagnosis and treatment of eruption cysts are important for clinicians to understand in order to decide the right diagnosis and treatment plan.

(090) Immunohistochemical Staining of Elastin in the Vestibule

Abstract Introduction The vestibule is an external genital structure lying 90° to the vaginal canal opening. During the thrusting movements associated with penetrative sexual activity, the vestibule undergoes significant stretching during both invagination and evagination. The vestibule also undergoes extreme stretching during childbirth. The rete pegs in the non-keratinized squamous epithelium facilitate the ability of the vestibule to mechanically stretch. More importantly, however, the vestibular lamina propria, with nerves, blood vessels, glands, needs to contain a high density of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with stretching capabilities. In particular, the ECM protein elastin endows skin structures with the ability to stretch, recoil, and have elasticity. Elastin has previously been shown to influence mechanical stretching properties of tendons. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the density of elastin proteins in the vestibule in reproductive age patients as there are currently limited data. Methods A total of 7 reproductive age patients with normal sex steroid hormone values and complaints of entrance dyspareunia were diagnosed with neuroproliferative vestibulodynia and subsequently underwent complete vestibulectomy. Tissue blocks were created from the specimen, and 5 μm sections studied with immunohistochemical staining with primary antibody. Sections were then counterstained with Gill-modified hematoxylin. Results In all vestibular specimen, there was very high density of elastin underneath the epithelium in rete pegs and throughout the entire lamina propria (Fig 1). There is a density gradient with the highest density immediately deep to the basement membrane of the epithelium. Elastin fibers were arranged in all orientations: coronal (frontal), sagittal (longitudinal), and transverse (axial) planes. Conclusions The high density of elastin fibers in rete pegs and throughout the lamina propria in a multi-planar orientation is suggestive of extreme stretching capability in eugonadal vestibular tissues. The highest density of elastin staining was seen immediately below the basement membrane of the epithelium, which may provide tissue integrity and shear resilience to the epithelial layer. In sex steroid hormone insufficiency states such as menopause or with use of combined hormonal contraceptives, individuals may develop loss of introital elasticity and fissures due to a deficiency of the ECM protein elastin. More research is needed on elastic fiber production, organization, and integration with other cutaneous extracellular matrix proteins, and how they may be affected by sex steroid hormones. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Endoceutics, Inc.

Abstract #1404147: Adipsic Diabetes Insipidus in a Patient with Aggressive Suprasellar Mature Teratoma

Diabetes insipidus (DI) can be life-threatening if not properly diagnosed and managed. There are many etiologies of central diabetes insipidus including neoplasm, vascular disease, trauma, autoimmune disease, infection, granulomatous disease, drugs, and genetic disease. This report presents a patient who developed adipsic DI secondary to a rare etiology, a suprasellar mature teratoma. A 37-year-old man with no significant past medical history presented to the hospital for worsening altered mental status (AMS) for 5 months, headaches, and polydipsia. Hypernatremia with a sodium level of 175 was noted. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a large, heterogenous, mixed solid cystic suprasellar mass measuring 3.4 x 2.6 x 2.7 cm invading the suprasellar structures and extending to the third ventricle with mass effect on the hypothalamus, thalami, and optic chiasm. Panhypopituitarism with DI, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and hypogonadism was diagnosed. Open craniotomy for surgical resection of the mass was performed. Pathology revealed endodermal tissues representing small and large intestine and stratified keratinizing and nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium in a background of hemorrhage, fibrosis, chronic inflammation, and mucin consistent with a suprasellar mature teratoma. He was discharged on desmopressin 1 mcg subcutaneously twice daily, hydrocortisone, and levothyroxine. He presented 7 months later for AMS and severe hypernatremia on desmopressin 6 mcg subcutaneously twice daily. There was regrowth of the suprasellar mass with interval worsening in size (3.5 x 3.7 x 3.1 cm) and increased mass effect on the left internal carotid artery, anterior communicating artery, and third ventricle. Subsequently, he underwent endoscopic cyst fenestration and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Panhypopituitarism persisted, and he remained obtunded. He was hospitalized for 2 months, and repeat MRI of the brain showed an interval increase in the size of the mass (4.7 x 3.6 x 3.3 cm) with surrounding vasogenic edema and mass effect on the optic chiasm, hypothalamus, and third ventricle concerning for right ventricular entrapment. Due to the aggressive nature of the tumor, it was deemed inoperable and the patient underwent comfort care measures. Suprasellar mature teratomas are rare tumors which respond to surgical resection with a 10-year survival rate of 93%. Hypothalamic damage from these tumors can lead to an inability to maintain thirst response which can be dangerous in central DI as severe hypernatremia can develop. In these patients, it is vital to evaluate for other pituitary hormone deficiencies.

MP27-14 ELASTIN STAINING OF THE VESTIBULE

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP27-14 ELASTIN STAINING OF THE VESTIBULE Alyssa Yee, Alain Dury, Johanne Ouellet, Barry Komisaruk, Sue W Goldstein, and Irwin Goldstein Alyssa YeeAlyssa Yee More articles by this author , Alain DuryAlain Dury More articles by this author , Johanne OuelletJohanne Ouellet More articles by this author , Barry KomisarukBarry Komisaruk More articles by this author , Sue W GoldsteinSue W Goldstein More articles by this author , and Irwin GoldsteinIrwin Goldstein More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003255.14AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The vestibule is an external genital structure lying 90° to the vaginal canal opening. The vestibule consists of non-keratinized squamous epithelium with numerous rete pegs, underlying lamina propria with nerves, blood vessels, glands, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. During thrusting movements associated with penetrative sexual activity, the vestibule undergoes significant stretching during invagination/evagination. The vestibule also undergoes extreme stretching during childbirth. Elastin is an ECM protein in microfibrils that endows skin structures with ability to stretch, recoil, and have elasticity. Elastin has previously been shown to influence mechanical properties of tendons; degraded or abnormal elastin structures caused by aging or disease may contribute to pain and increased risk of injury. There are limited data on elastin in the vestibule in reproductive age patients and its role in vestibular elasticity/integrity. METHODS: 7 reproductive age patients with entrance dyspareunia from neuroproliferative vestibulodynia, with normal values of testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone, underwent complete vestibulectomy. Tissue blocks were created from the specimen, and 5 υm sections studied with IHC primary antibody. Finally, sections were counterstained with Gill-modified hematoxylin. RESULTS: In all vestibular specimen, there was very high density of elastin underneath the epithelium in rete pegs and throughout the entire lamina propria. There is a density gradient with the highest density immediately deep to the basement membrane of the epithelium. Elastin fibers were arranged in all orientations: coronal (frontal), sagittal (longitudinal), and transverse (axial) planes. CONCLUSIONS: The high density of elastin fibers in rete pegs and through the lamina propria in a multi-planar orientation is suggestive of extreme stretching capability in eugonadal vestibular tissues. The highest density of elastin staining was seen immediately below the basement membrane of the epithelium, which may provide tissue integrity and shear resilience to the epithelial layer. More research is needed on elastic fiber production, organization, and integration with other cutaneous extracellular matrix proteins, and how this may change during androgen insufficiency states such as menopause or with use of combined hormonal contraceptives. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e367 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Alyssa Yee More articles by this author Alain Dury More articles by this author Johanne Ouellet More articles by this author Barry Komisaruk More articles by this author Sue W Goldstein More articles by this author Irwin Goldstein More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

UNERUPTED DECAYED TOOTH: A RARE CASE

Pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucencies are a rare occurrence, detected occasionally on routine radiographs. The etiology is still unclear, but evidence suggests that these lesions have resorptive nature, not associated with caries. A 35-year-old female patient presented a radiolucent lesion around the crown of an unerupted tooth (with resorbed crown and roots) between the roots of teeth #13 and #15 (radicular remnant with endodontic treatment). With the clinical hypotheses of dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst, an excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed fragments of connective tissue capsule with intense inflammation partially covered by stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelium. The removed unerupted tooth presented dentin destruction with foci of liquefaction containing bacteria, areas of dentin resorption, and tertiary dentin, in addition to bacterial colonies similar to Actinomyces. The diagnosis was inflamed odontogenic cyst associated with an unerupted decayed tooth, which may be explained by the infection of tooth #15. Pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucencies are a rare occurrence, detected occasionally on routine radiographs. The etiology is still unclear, but evidence suggests that these lesions have resorptive nature, not associated with caries. A 35-year-old female patient presented a radiolucent lesion around the crown of an unerupted tooth (with resorbed crown and roots) between the roots of teeth #13 and #15 (radicular remnant with endodontic treatment). With the clinical hypotheses of dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst, an excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopic examination revealed fragments of connective tissue capsule with intense inflammation partially covered by stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelium. The removed unerupted tooth presented dentin destruction with foci of liquefaction containing bacteria, areas of dentin resorption, and tertiary dentin, in addition to bacterial colonies similar to Actinomyces. The diagnosis was inflamed odontogenic cyst associated with an unerupted decayed tooth, which may be explained by the infection of tooth #15.

Comparative histological and Histochemical study of the esophagus in two invasive species Acridotheres tristis and Tilapia zillii in Iraq

The current study conducted on two invasive species, the common Myna Acridotheres tristis and Tilapia Tilapia zillii in Iraq. The study aims to identify the histological and histochemical aspects of the esophagus in both species. Histological sections showed that the esophagus composed of four tunica: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis and adventia. The lumen of these parts displayed numerous long folds, these folds were lined by non-keratinized stratifies squamous epithelium in A. tristis, while in Tilapia zillii these folds lined by pseudo stratified columnar epithelium. The tunica mucosa showed absence of muscularis mucosa in both species, so the lamina propria was continued with tunica submucosa. In both species, the histochemical sections showed that the submucosal glands with Alcian blue stain contained acidic mucopolysacharrids, meanwhile the sections with PAS stain showed strong neutral secretions within submucosal glands. The middle part of Tilapia esophagus with alcian blue (pH 2.5) stain appeared that the epithelial crypts contained acidic mucopolysacharrids but no reaction within the epithelium, meanwhile with PAS stain showed strong neutral mucopolysacharrids within crypts and weak neutral mucopolysacharrids within epithelium.

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the oral mucosa. A rare histopathologic subtype of squamous cell carcinoma

<h3>Objectives</h3> Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) represents a rare histopathologic subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), which shares morphologic similarities with non-keratinizing undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). LEC may be etiologically associated with EBV, especially in endemic regions. Although being described in several locations of the head and neck, the oral mucosa seems to be an infrequent site of involvement. Herein, we present a case of an EBV-negative oral LEC and discuss the diagnostic challenges. <h3>Findings</h3> A 51 year-old male Filipino patient suffering from chronic kidney disease presented for the evaluation of a swelling in the right mandible, first noticed by the patient a few days ago. Clinically, the right posterior mandibular gingiva appeared enlarged and hemorrhagic, covered by ulcerated mucosa, while the adjacent teeth displayed high mobility. Extraorally, a painful and slightly movable lymph node in the right submandibular area was palpated. Radiographic evaluation revealed extensive bone loss in the right posterior mandible. With a provisional diagnosis of lymphoma or SCC, an incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologic examination revealed invasion of the underlying connective tissue by pleomorphic cells of epithelioid morphology, occasionally arranged in syncytial islands, arising from a partially ulcerated, non-keratinized squamous epithelium. A prominent diffuse lymphocytic cell infiltrate surrounding the tumor cells was also detected. The neoplastic cells expressed pancytokeratin, CK5/6, p63, and p40, while p16, LMP-1, and in situ hybridization for EBV RNA were negative. A final diagnosis of moderately to poorly differentiated SCC with features indicative of LEC was rendered and the patient was referred for further management. <h3>Conclusions</h3> LEC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant neoplasms displaying close association with diffuse lymphoid aggregates. The evaluation of nasopharynx is justified to rule out metastatic NPC, as the separation of these two entities microscopically is not feasible.

Экспрессия цитокератинов реактивно измененного цилиндрического реснитчатого эпителия синоназального тракта при хронических воспалительных процессах

Introduction. Currently, there are limited papers on changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium of the sinonasal tract in chronic inflammatory processes, particularly in basal cell hyperplasia. The latter is similar to dysplasia of varying severity of the stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium. Studying of changes in the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can clarify the histogenesis of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including sinonasal papillomas. The research is aimed at studying the cytokeratin profile of reactive cylindrical ciliated epithelium in a chronic nonspecific inflammatory process. Materials and methods. We analyzed surgical materials obtained from 567 patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. We performed an immunohistochemical study in 20 cases using the panel of antibodies to Ki-67, Stathmin, Cytokeratin 7, Cytokeratin 10/13, Cytokeratin 14, Cytokeratin 17, Cytokeratin 18, and Cytokeratin 19. Results. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining, we detected basal cell hyperplasia of different severity in 74% (419 cases). In 13% (73 cases), basal cell hyperplasia was combined with foci of squamous metaplasia. Based on the results, we identified 4 types of morphological changes in the epithelial layer with a specific cytokeratin profile: mild basal cell hyperplasia, moderate basal cell hyperplasia, severe basal cell hyperplasia, and areas of squamous metaplasia. Conclusion. Simultaneous expression of cytokeratins in the areas with severe hyperplasia of basal cells, specific for both simple and compound epithelia, allows us to consider this area to have the highest potential for the development of various epithelial tumors of the sinonasal tract, including various types of sinonasal papillomas. Keywords: basal cell hyperplasia, sinonasal papilloma, pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of photodynamic skin therapy

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy is an innovative technique for non-invasive skin rejuvenation by stimulating neocollagenogenesis.&#x0D; AIMS: The aim of our study was to assess the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy on the skin using a wavelength of 660 nm, as a photosensitizer (PS) Spherometallochlorin.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was divided into 2 stages. The first stage of the study involved 5 female laboratory rats. The first stage was divided into 2 substages: 1A the oral mucosa of 5 rats were irradiated for 30 minutes with 5 wavelengths of 660 nm (energy 100 J/cm2, power 100 mW/cm2). 1B FS Spherometallochlorin was applied to the skin of the back of rats after preliminary shaving in the form of 0.4% gel. Before applying the topical agent, after 15 minutes of exposure, after 30 minutes of exposure, after 45 minutes of exposure, in order to assess the penetration of the PS, a punch biopsy was taken in the area of application of the gel. The second stage of the study involved 15 female volunteers aged 21 to 65 years. At stage 2A, the skin behind the ear of 5 women was irradiated for 30 minutes at a wavelength of 660 nm (energy 100 J/cm2, power 100 mW/cm2) using a PS 0.4% gel containing Spherometallochlorin. Stage 2B evaluated the effectiveness of the effect of PDT procedures on the skin of 15 women. Skin condition was assessed using cutometry, corneometry, measurement of transepidermal water loss, and punch biopsy samples of the parotid skin (before and after the course of procedures), photographing and assessment of unwanted effects were also carried out.&#x0D; RESULTS: The histological picture before and after the study was similar. The preparation usually contained small fragments of the oral mucosa. The superficial squamous non-keratinizing epithelium was of normal morphology. On the surface of some fragments, hemorrhages (artifact of material sampling) were present. No inflammation, edema or hyperemia was observed in the underlying mucosa. Thus, no signs of inflammation or burns were found.&#x0D; CONCLUSION: The used radiation with a wavelength of 660 nm is completely safe, does not cause pathological changes in the skin. The course of PDT procedures is a safe, effective method causing remodeling of the dermis. PDT using 660 nm radiation and Spherometallochlorin as a PS can be recommended for use in practical health care.

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing reveals an essential role for basigin in maintaining a nonkeratinized squamous epithelium in cornea.

One of the primary functions of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelia is to protect underlying tissues against chemical, microbial, and mechanical insult. Basigin is a transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase inducer commonly overexpressed during epithelial wound repair and cancer but whose physiological significance in normal epithelial tissue has not been fully explored. Here we used a CRISPR/Cas9 system to study the effect of basigin loss in a human cornea model of squamous epithelial differentiation. We find that epithelial cell cultures lacking basigin change shape and fail to produce a flattened squamous layer on the apical surface. This process is associated with the abnormal expression of the transcription factor SPDEF and the decreased biosynthesis of MUC16 and involucrin necessary for maintaining apical barrier function and structural integrity, respectively. Expression analysis of genes encoding tight junction proteins identified a role for basigin in promoting physiological expression of occludin and members of the claudin family. Functionally, disruption of basigin expression led to increased epithelial cell permeability as evidenced by the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and increase in rose bengal flux. Overall, these results suggest that basigin plays a distinct role in maintaining the normal differentiation of stratified squamous human corneal epithelium and could have potential implications to therapies targeting basigin function.

Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising directly from a glandular odontogenic cyst of the mandible: a case report

BackgroundCentral mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a rare salivary gland tumor that affects the jawbone. Glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is also a rare odontogenic developmental cyst with glandular differentiation. GOC shares some histological features with central MEC, and a pre-existing GOC can develop into central MEC. Here, we present a rare case of central MEC developed directly from a pre-existing GOC of the mandible.Case presentationA 67-year-old Japanese man presented with a cystic lesion in the right third molar region. Histologically, the biopsy specimen demonstrated both typical findings of a GOC component lined with non-keratinized squamous epithelium and a recognizable component of central MEC consisting of polycystic nests with mucous cells, intermediate cells, and epidermoid cells in the cyst wall. The results from the immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin (CK) profiling demonstrated that, while both central MEC and GOC expressed CKs 7, 14, 18, and 19, CK13 was interestingly exclusively expressed in GOC. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the rearrangement of the Mastermind like (MAML)-2 gene in both the MEC and GOC components.ConclusionsOur case suggests that central MEC and GOC may be in the same spectrum of diseases caused by the rearrangement of the MAML-2 gene. However, given that the expression profile of CK13 was completely different between central MEC and GOC, they can be considered as separate tumors. Overall, we demonstrated a rare case in which central MEC may have originated directly from the GOC.

Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cytokeratin 19 expression analysis in human tumors: a tissue microarray study of 13,172 tumors

To evaluate cytokeratin 19 (CK19) expression in normal and cancerous tissues, 15,977 samples from 122 tumor types and 608 samples of 76 normal tissue types were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In normal tissues, CK19 expression occurred in epithelial cells of most glandular organs but was strictly limited to the basal cell layer of nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium and absent in the skin. CK19 expression in ≥90% of cases was seen in 34% of the tumor entities including the adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (99.4%), colorectum (99.8%), esophagus (98.7%), and stomach (97.7%), as well as breast cancer (90.0%-100%), high-grade serous (99.1%) or endometrioid (97.8%) ovarian cancer, and urothelial carcinoma (92.6%-100%). A low CK19 positivity rate (0.1-10%) was seen in 5 of 122 tumor entities including hepatocellular carcinoma and seminoma. A comparison of tumor versus normal tissue findings demonstrated that upregulation and downregulation of CK19 can occur in cancer and that both alterations can be linked to unfavorable phenotypes. CK19 downregulation was linked to high grade (p=0.0017) and loss of estrogen receptor- and progesterone receptor-expression (p<0.0001 each) in invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. CK19 upregulation was linked to nodal metastases in neuroendocrine tumors and papillary thyroid carcinomas (p<0.05 each) and to poor grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (p<0.05). CK19 upregulation was particularly common in squamous cell carcinomas. We concluded that CK19 IHC might separate primary liver cell carcinoma from liver metastases, seminoma from other testicular tumors, and helps in the detection of early neoplastic transformation in squamous epithelium.

Atypical presentation of lateral periodontal cyst associated with impacted teeth: two case reports

BackgroundLateral periodontal cyst (LPC) is an uncommon form of developmental odontogenic cyst. LPC can be suspected when there is a round, well-circumscribed radiolucency, usually of small diameter, along the lateral surface of vital erupted teeth, predominantly in the mandibular premolar region. Histopathological analysis allows LPC to be diagnosed based on its characteristic features such as a thin cuboidal to stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium containing epithelial plaques and glycogen-rich clear cells.The aim of this article was to report two cases of atypical LPC associated either with an impacted lower left canine (tooth #33) or with a lower right third molar (tooth #48).Case presentationCase 1: A 56-year-old man was referred to us for an oro-dental assessment. Panoramic radiography revealed an impacted lower left permanent canine (tooth #33) with well-defined radiolucency on its upper cervical margin. A CT scan revealed a pericoronal radiolucency of 5 mm at its widest diameter around the impacted tooth #33. The pericoronal tissue was removed and sent for histopathological examination. The results revealed a lateral periodontal cyst. Satisfactory postoperative healing was achieved at the site. Follow-up at 12 months indicated no recurrence of the lesion.Case 2: A 54-year-old woman consulted with the main issue being pain on the lower right side of the face. Intra-oral examination revealed a vestibular swelling involving the region of the second molar (tooth #47), with obliteration of buccal sulcus. Pocket depth was determined to be 9 mm at the distal of #47. A diagnosis of gingival abscess resulting from chronic periodontitis was made. Panoramic radiography revealed a radiolucent cystic lesion associated with an impacted horizontal lower right third molar (tooth #48), suggestive of a dentigerous cyst. X-rays also revealed alveolar bone resorption on the molar (tooth #47). The cyst was removed along with the third molar and submitted for histopathological diagnosis. The diagnosis was LPC. Follow-up at 18 months indicated no recurrence of the lesion.ConclusionThese cases represent atypical presentations of LPC. They provide examples of the differential diagnosis of pericoronal radiolucencies involving an impacted tooth and our observations provide insights regarding the pathogenesis of LPC.

Histogenesis of Skin in Fetal Period of Rabbits

This study was conducted on skin samples from New Zealand white rabbits during the period E15 daysprenatal to E25. to investigate the histomorphological development of the skin, hair follicle, Sebaceousglands.Early in the fetal life (E15) the epidermis is in the form of simple squamous epithelium or stratified Nonkeratinized squamous epithelium of two or more layers, depending on the region studied, while the dermisis in the form of loose connective tissue composed of mesenchymal cells in a loose and irregular shape.(E20) prenatal, the epidermis is stratified squamous epithelium non-keratinized composed of more thanthree layers including the periderm, the intermediate layer and the basal layer in all regions, except Fingeredhand and foot that appearance keratinized squamous. the cells of the mesoderm begin to condense underthe basal layer, indicating the beginning of the formation of hairs placodes. Stratification became evidentin(E25) of prenatal with a marked keratinized and extension of hair follicles in the dermis, accompanied bythe beginning of the development of sebaceous glands in the form of a group of cells. During our study ofthe development of the skin of the New Zealand rabbit before birth, we could not notice any sweat glandsin the examined skin samples.

Optimization of Coumarins Extraction from Pterocaulon balansae by Box-Behnken Design and Anti-Trichomonas vaginalis Activity

Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, a nonviral sexually transmitted infection with a high prevalence worldwide. Oral metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of this disease, although high levels of T. vaginalis resistance to this agent are well documented in the literature. This study describes the anti-T. vaginalis activity of an optimized coumarin-rich extract from Pterocaulon balansae. Optimization was performed to maximize extraction of total coumarins by means of a 3-level Box-Behnken design, evaluating the effect of three factors: extraction time, plant : solvent ratio, and ethanol concentration. Optimum conditions were found to be 5 h extraction time and a plant : solvent ratio of 1% (w/v) and 60% (v/v) ethanol, which resulted in approximately 30 mg of total coumarins/g of dry plant. The coumarin-enriched extract exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration of 30 µg/mL and an IC50 of 3.2 µg/mL against T. vaginalis, a low cytotoxicity, and a high selectivity index (18 for vaginal epithelial cells and 16 for erythrocytes). The coumarins permeation/retention profile through porcine vaginal mucosa was evaluated in Franz-type diffusion cells. After 8 h of kinetics, coumarins were detected in the tissue (4.93 µg/g) without detecting them in the receptor compartment. A significant increase of coumarins in the mucosa layers (8.18 µg/g) and receptor compartment (0.26 µg/g) was detected when a T. vaginalis suspension (2 × 105 trophozoites/mL) was previously added onto the mucosa. No alterations were visualized in the stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium of the porcine vaginal mucosa after contact with the extract. Overall, these results suggest that the P. balansae coumarin-rich extract may have potential as a treatment for trichomoniasis.

Comparative Anatomical, Light and Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies Between Intromittent and Non-Intromittent Typed Phallus of Domestic Goose (Anser anser domestica) and Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domestica)

The work applied on the phallus of the adult goose and turkey to give knowledge for the phallus functional morphology and the mechanism of copulation of these domestic birds. It helped the surgical interfering of the wild geese and the artificial insemination in the turkey for commercial production. The phallus of the goose and the phallic bodies of the turkey were demonstrated by anatomical, histological, histochemical and scanning electron microscopy to compare the micromorphological features. The goose has an intromittent type phallus. It consisted of inner glandular part and outer cutaneous one. The former lined by mucous secretory cells, while the later cover externally by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium. The turkey phallus was a non-intromittent type. It composed of a median phallic furrow on the crest at the ventral vent lip and flanked on either side by lateral phallic bodies. The later lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized and supported by longitudinal oriented skeletal muscle which circular in the furrow between two phallic bodies. Additionally, lymphatic aggregation was observed in phallus of two birds. This study helped in comparative studies and surgical operations.

Expression of CD3 and CD20 in Antistreptolysin-O Titer Seropositive and Seronegative Children with Chronic Tonsillitis.

Background:Chronic tonsillitis (CT) is a common inflammatory illness in children, and serum antistreptolysin O titer (ASOT) is a common investigation performed for these cases and considered a perfect sign for tonsillectomy.Objective:To evaluate the expression of tonsillar T-and B-lymphocytes markers in relation to seropositive or seronegative ASOT in cases of CT.Materials and Methods:Thirty children (15 males and 15 females) aged 6–10 years were divided equally into two groups: Group A seropositive ASOT (≥400 IU) and Group B seronegative ASOT (<400 IU). Both performed bilateral tonsillectomy. Specimens from the removed tonsils were taken and prepared for light microscopic examination and immunohistochemical evaluation of CD20 and CD3 expression.Results:Seropositive ASOT group showed significant histopathologic changes in the form of hyperplasia of the stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium, Urgas's abscess, and severe lymphocytic infiltration. Immunohistochemical results of seropositive ASOT group showed marked expression of CD3 and CD20, while seronegative ASOT group showed mild expression of CD3 and CD20.Conclusion:Seropositive ASOT CT, in addition to histopathological changes, is associated with significant increase in both B-lymphocytes (CD20 expression) and T-lymphocytes (CD3 expression) markers.

Comparative morphological assessment of the damaging effects of cold plasma and radio wave energy on the mucous membrane of the lip in the experiment

Experimental animals removed a portion of the mucous membrane of the inner surface of the lip with a Surgitron radio knife (group 1) and an electrode of the Coblator II cold plasma apparatus (observation group 2). Tissue was taken from the edge of the surgical wound as a trapezoidal flap containing mucous and submucous membranes immediately after the incision and 3 weeks after the surgery. Histological sections were prepared, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as according to van Gieson. It was found that, both in cases of using a radio knife and a coblator along the edges and in the depth of the wound, coagulation tissue necrosis was observed, which was more evident in group 1 of observations. In addition, after the radio wave exposure, in the areas close to the defect, the epithelial lining was disrupted to one degree or another, which was not observed when using the coblator. After 3 weeks of the experiment, the stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium in both groups had a normal histological structure. At the same time, when using the coblator, the lamina propria of the mucous membrane was completely restored, and in cases with the use of a radio knife, sclerotic processes with the formation of scar tissue took place in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane in some areas. The use of a coblator should be recognized as a more gentle method, since a comparative analysis of histological changes immediately after the incision showed a more intense damaging effect of the radio knife on the surrounding tissues, which in later stages was accompanied by incomplete regeneration (substitution) of the lip mucosa.

Small salivary glands in the paratonsillar space in children

Was to study the changes in the small salivary glands in chronic tonsillitis and paratonsillar abscess in children. A histological examination of the palatine tonsils of 22 children aged 5 to 14 years old who had a paratonsillar abscess and 18 children suffering from chronic tonsillitis was carried out. Fragments of small salivary glands, located both superficially, in the mucous membrane between the stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium and the lymphoid tissue of the palatine tonsils, and between the muscles of the amygdala were found in 42 of the 80 (52.5%) tonsils studied. Along with the unchanged glandular structure, 26 (61.9%) samples revealed areas of destruction foci in small salivary glands with signs of inflammatory and compensatory regenerative activity. The presence of separate interlobular ducts of the salivary glands with pronounced periductal lymph - macrophage infiltration was noted. The subepithelial lymph-macrophage infiltrates found in the lamina propria are associated with the exit of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands to the surface of the mucous membrane. Many thin-walled veins are surrounded by perivascular lymphocellular infiltrates. The inflammatory and post-inflammatory changes in the small salivary glands revealed by us in children with chronic tonsillitis do not exclude their participation in the pathogenesis of paratonsillitis. At the same time, inflammation in the salivary gland can be both primary, as a result of its infection with live microorganisms from the tissues of the tonsil, and secondary, due to the compression of the excretory ducts by the edematous tissue of the tonsil in acute tonsillitis.

Bir Buzağıda Çoklu Kongenital Anomali Olgusu

Bu olgu sunumunda Simmental ırkı 2 günlük bir buzağıda karşılaşılan koksigeal agenezi, atresia ani et vulva, vaginal ektopi ile beraber seyreden çoklu kongenital anomali olgusunun tanısı ve sağaltım sonuçları değerlendirildi. Olguyu kuyruk, anüs ve vulvanın olmaması şikayeti ile kliniğimize getirilen 2 günlük Simmental ırkı bir buzağı oluşturdu. Yapılan klinik muayenede; kuyruk agenezisi, atresia ani et vulva ve buzağının dışkı ve idrarını perineal bölgede ektopik vaginadan köken alan yumuşak fluktuan bir kitlenin delinmesi sonucu yapmakta olduğu saptandı. Operatif olarak uzak-laştırılan kitlenin histopatolojik incelemesinde vagina mukozası ile uyumlu non-keratinize çok katlı yassı epitel belirlen-di. Sonuç olarak; nadir olarak rastlanılan bu vakanın klinik pratiğe ve literatüre katkı sağlayacak nitelikte olduğu düşü-nüldü.