Support Of Non-governmental Organizations Research Articles

The impact of international NGOs on refugee support and policy influence: A global analysis

The global refugee crisis has placed unprecedented demands on humanitarian systems, with international Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) playing a crucial role in supporting refugees and influencing related policies. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted impact of international NGOs on refugee support and policy influence across diverse global contexts. By synthesizing current research, policy documents, and case studies, this paper aims to enhance understanding of NGO contributions to essential services for refugees, their strategies for policy advocacy, and the complex dynamics between NGO activities and government initiatives. The review examines the effectiveness of NGO interventions in key areas such as healthcare, education, and livelihood support, analyzing their methods of policy influence through advocacy, research, and direct engagement with policymakers. It also evaluates refugee perceptions of NGO support compared to government assistance, revealing varied experiences across different contexts and types of aid. Furthermore, the paper investigates the alignment between NGO activities and official government policies on refugee management, highlighting both collaborative successes and areas of tension. The analysis reveals that while NGOs have made significant contributions to refugee welfare and policy development, challenges remain in coordination, sustainability, and adapting to diverse cultural contexts. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions and recommendations for enhancing NGO effectiveness in refugee support and policy advocacy, emphasizing the need for improved coordination, cultural sensitivity, and evidence-based practices in addressing the global refugee crisis.

NGO Support for International Security Force Vetting and Screening

Abstract Many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) document violations of human rights and international humanitarian law (IHL) for the purpose of contributing to criminal accountability processes. This requires NGOs to meet criminal procedural standards, often dedicating extensive resources to a form of accountability that is difficult to secure. Given these challenges, this article explores an alternative end-use for NGO documentation of violations: the security force vetting carried out by multilateral organizations and donor governments as part of an international exchange of resources or personnel. In particular, we examine the United Nations system for screening peacekeepers, and national and international systems for vetting foreign recipients of security force assistance. We review the processes and rationale for these international vetting and screening systems, identifying both opportunities and challenges for NGO engagement. We conclude that NGOs seeking to restrict the power and capacity of an abusive security force may find it worthwhile to engage with these systems, which would benefit from the contribution of high-quality NGO documentation.

Opportunities and challenges of community mental health centers in Türkiye

AbstractIn 2011, Türkiye restructured the mental health care system in community-based settings following the announcement of the National Mental Health Action Plan. Community mental health centers (CMHCs) are the major element of this approach. As of now, the total number of CMHC have reached 186, and the service users have almost reached 100.000. Mental health care system gained significant advantages through CMHCs, such as 1) improvement in the conditions of mental health services, 2) better follow-up of patients with chronic severe mental disorders, 3) capability of in-home services, 4) decrease in the number of hospitalizations, 5) increased social involvement of patients with severe mental disorder. CMHCs also played a significant role in promoting social rehabilitation, including employment status, development of social relationships, and redress of stigmatization. All these advantages were put into practice by community mental health teams comprising a psychiatrist, psychologists, nurses, social workers and ergotherapists, if available.Community mental health centers come with severe challenges and shortcomings despite their ameliorations. First, CMHCs need trained mental health professionals. However, only 52% of the CMHC teams completed the CMHC trainings currently. Second, standardized work flow algorithms should be developed for CMHCs. Third, there should be a strong relationship between CMHCs, primary health care system and inpatient units as a complementary part of essential mental health care. In addition, hospital administration should be trained in terms of CMHC policy since every CMHC is affiliated with a state hospital. For instance, the ongoing issue of defining quality standards for CMHCs contributes to a misconception, portraying these centers as profit-making units rather than dedicated rehabilitation facilities.In conclusion, community-based settings and CMHCs significantly advance mental health services despite the challenges confronted in practice. To optimize the effectiveness of community mental health care facilitated by CMHCs, it is imperative to review the implementation process with the active involvement and support of non-governmental organizations, including patient-driven organizations and national psychiatric associations.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Depression and Anxiety among Low and Middle-Income Turkish Women: The Roles of Coping, and Personal and Environmental Resources/Düşük ve Orta Gelirli Türk Kadınlarında Depresyon ve Anksiyete: Baş Etme ve Kişisel ve Çevresel Kaynakların Rolü

Introduction: Psychosocial theory of mental well-being suggests that coping, socioeconomic status, environmental resources such as perceived and received social support, and personal resources such as self-efficacy can be related to psychological well-being. The current study aims to discuss differences in well-being and psychological resources of Turkish women with low and middle-income. It also aims to examine the differences among lower income women’s well-being according to receiving non-governmental organization (NGO) support. Finally, it studies the link between income level, self-efficacy, perceived social support, ways of coping with stress, depression, and anxiety among Turkish women with different income levels. Method: Out of 129 women participated in the study (Mage = 39.12), 60 are with middle-in- come, and 69 are with low-income. Twenty-eight of those with low income receive NGO support. Results: Findings indicates that middle-income women are coping more effectively and have high- er perceived social support, while low-income women significantly report more depressive symptoms. Low-income women with NGO support report more symptoms, perceive less social support, and are coping less effectively than women without NGO support. Hierarchical regression analysis reveals that coping styles, self-efficacy, income level, and perceived social support are associated with depression. Moreover, coping styles and perceived social support are related to anxiety. Conclusion: Personal resources like coping and self-efficacy seem to be the most significant predictors of depression and anxiety. However, poverty is still a serious environmental risk to well-being.

Адекватна нормативно-правова база - основа і важлива умова впровадження оптимальної системи паліативної та хоспісної допомоги в Україні: вимога часу

Purpose - to analyze the current regulatory and legal acts regulating the palliative and hospice care (PHC) provision to the population in Ukraine, to discuss and determine optimal approaches and priority directions for an adequate regulatory and legal framework (RLF) improving and the creating as a basis and an important condition for the implementation and development of an optimal PHC System in Ukraine. Materials and methods. Regulatory and legal documents of Ukraine and authoritative international professional organizations were used; scientific literary sources using JAMA, Scholar and PubMed search engines; the Ministry of Health of Ukraine official statistical data; the following research methods were applied: bibliosemantic, system approach and system analysis. Results and Conclusions. The results of the scientific literature bibliosemantic research testify to the growing need for PHC both in Ukraine and in the world. The scientific base of the optimal concept of the PHC System is grounded on the following principles: availability, proper quality and maximum achievable efficiency. It should be noted that the current RLF, which regulates the PHC provision in Ukraine, needs further development and improvement in accordance with the current needs of the population and the requirements of international standards and norms. The Ukrainian Health Care System reform includes PHC System reform. Therefore, the accessible, high-quality and effective PHC System constructing and developing requires further development, improvement and optimization of the current RLF, which regulates the PHC provision in Ukraine. Adequate RLF is the basis and an important condition for the implementation of an optimal PHC System in Ukraine. An important task is the development of standards, quality indicators, clinical protocols and guidelines, improvement of the Procedure for PHC providing to adults and children, approval and improvement of indications and criteria for determining the status of PP in adults and children, etc. 3. The creation and development of a modern available, high-quality and effective PHC System in Ukraine meets the requirements of international standards and norms. The necessity of implementing a patient-family-oriented PHC System with multidisciplinary, interdepartmental and intersectoral approaches, due to the coordination and cooperation of organizations subordinate to various ministries and departments and privately owned institutions, the involvement of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and volunteers to provide general and specialized PHC. An urgent problem is also the need for appropriate funding of PHC by the state and regional and local authorities, the creation of new and modernization of existing PHC facilities, the training of a sufficient number of specialists involved in the PHC provision - doctors, nurses, social workers, psychologists, medical chaplains, support of NGOs and volunteers.

Facilitators of improving the function of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Iran's health system.

Iranian health nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) could play a variety of roles at many levels of Iran's health system, but their participation in the health sector is far from ideal. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify practical solutions for increasing the role and function of NGOs in the Iranian health system. This qualitative study was conducted between 2020 and 2021 in Tehran, Iran. The data for this study were gathered through 32 in-depth semi-structured interviews with 11 managers from the Ministry of Health as well as from Iran and Tehran universities of medical sciences and 21 Chief executive officers and directors of health NGOs. Data were analyzed by the content analysis approach using the MAXQDA 10 software. The facilitators for expanding the function and roles of NGOs in Iran's health system are classified into two groups of legal and structural mechanisms. "The existence of mandatory laws," "government support for NGOs," "the formulation of standard strategic planning and goals," "the establishment of a database and a network of NGOs," and "the establishment of independent organizational units as the connectors and coordinators of NGOs' affairs in the public sector" are the critical facilitators for the improvement of NGOs' roles in Iran's health system. According to the findings of this study, only limited measures and efforts have been made to improve NGOs' roles and participation in the Iranian health system; at the same time, NGOs' participation in the health sector is far from ideal. Iranian health NGOs are at the beginning of this route, and they would inevitably require various legislative and structural mechanisms to succeed.

Non-governmental organizations’ enablers of asset accumulation and poverty reduction in Zimbabwe

This Voices from Practice note delineates institutional and non-institutional enablers of asset accumulation in Zimbabwe. It argues that in promoting asset accumulation and poverty reduction, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rely on the support of government ministries, partner NGOs, community volunteers, and community leaders. That perspective shifts and moves away from placing NGOs at the center of asset accumulation and poverty reduction efforts in communities. This article concludes that social work practice can be integral in contributing to poverty reduction when there are various stakeholders collaborating to enhance the welfare of communities at risk.

Developing “Kamicakna” Module Based on Community-Based Social Support for Orphans

There are increase number of orphanages in Malaysia either under government or private institution. However, there has been lack of attention on community-based social support given to orphans throughout the years. It is important to recognize the importance roles of nations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to orphans especially who stay at orphanages. Therefore, this study aims to focus on developing the “KAMICAKNA” module according to community-based social support for orphans. The past literatures showed that “KAMICAKNA” module should comprise of (i) family support, (ii) welfare support, (iii) psychological support, (iv) motivation support and (v) NGO support. This module can be useful for government agencies and policymakers to support the Malaysian government’s aims to ensure the well-being of children as the nation builders of the future. Besides, this module will assist to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 in reducing inequalities within a country.

Management of pediatric dialysis and kidney transplant patients after natural or man-made disasters.

Pediatric patients on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) are among the most vulnerable during large-scale disasters, either natural or man-made. Hemodialysis (HD) treatments may be impossible because of structural damage and/or shortage of medical supplies, clean water, electricity, and healthcare professionals. Lack of peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions and increased risk of infectious/non-infectious complications may make PD therapy challenging. Non-availability of immunosuppressants and increased risk of infections may result in graft loss and deaths of kidney transplant recipients. Measures to mitigate these risks must be considered before, during, and after the disaster including training of staff and patients/caregivers to cope with medical and logistic problems. Soon after a disaster, if the possibility of performing HD or PD is uncertain, patients should be directed to other centers, or the duration and/or number of HD sessions or the PD prescription adapted. In kidney transplant recipients, switching among immunosuppressants should be considered in case of non-availability of the medications. Post-disaster interventions target treating neglected physical and mental problems and also improving social challenges. All problems experienced by pediatric KRT patients living in the affected area are applicable to displaced patients who may also face extra risks during their travel and also at their destination. The need for additional local, national, and international help and support of non-governmental organizations must be anticipated and sought in a timely manner.

Impact of the COVID-19 Health Crisis on Trans Women and Cis Men Sex Workers in Spain

The objective of the study was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sex workers in accessing health and social services. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 29 participants in Barcelona, Spain. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: (1) impact of COVID-19 on physical/mental health, (2) barriers and facilitators to health/social service access, (3) health decision-making, and (4) suggestions for future pandemic situations. Barriers to accessing health services were structural. Non-governmental organization support was the main facilitating factor. A person-centered, intersectional approach is suggested for future practice, considering co-occurring syndemic factors.

THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY CULTURAL CAPITAL ON MIGRANT CHILDREN'S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT — FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION

THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY CULTURAL CAPITAL ON MIGRANT CHILDREN'S ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT — FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL REGULATION

Determinant factors of successful social entrepreneurship in the emerging circular economy of Lebanon: exploring the moderating role of NGOs

PurposeSocial entrepreneurship is gradually becoming a potent driving force for economic and social development in developing countries as a result of governance deficits. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinant factors of successful social entrepreneurship in the emerging circular economy of Lebanon. The objective extends to exploring the mediating role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the success of social entrepreneurship in Lebanon.Design/methodology/approachUsing a cross-sectional survey design, the authors collected primary data from 389 social entrepreneurs through questionnaires in selected locations in Lebanon. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypotheses were tested using linear regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) for predicting the impact of independent variable on the dependent variable. The validity, progressive and various models fits were tested using root mean square of approximation, root mean square of residuals, standard root mean square residuals, incremental fit index, fitness of the extracted and non-normal fit index.FindingsThe SEM estimations reveal that three main factors determine the success of social entrepreneurs in Lebanon, namely, environmental factors, psychological factors and prior experience. Moreover, the results reveal that support of NGOs positively moderates the relationships between the success of social entrepreneurship and two different variables (psychological factors and environmental factors), but failed to moderate the relationships between success of social entrepreneurship and four variables (experience, education, leadership and founding team composition).Originality/valueThe study contributes to the entrepreneurship and circular economy literature by explicating empirically the determinant factors of successful social entrepreneurship in Lebanon’s emerging circular economy. It also provides a fact-based social awareness on the role of local and international NGOs in supporting the social entrepreneurs in driving the idea of a circular economy. The study also validates multiple entrepreneurship theories.

Barriers and facilitators of post-violence help-seeking behavior among 21–49-year-old transgender women in Phnom Penh: A qualitative study

Background: Transgender women are disproportionately affected by gender-based violence (GBV). However, little is known about how they respond to GBV. Aims: This study aims to understand transgender women’s response to GBV and identify barriers and facilitators in accessing healthcare and legal aid after experiencing the violence. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study between February to March 2020 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 transgender women aged between 21 and 49 who had experienced GBV or knew a peer who had experienced GBV. Thematic analysis was conducted for the coding process, and an inductive approach was used to develop a coding frame. Results: All participants had experienced at least one form of GBV in their lifetime, and most participants had experienced multiple forms of GBV. However, most of them did not seek any services from healthcare providers, law enforcement officers, or assistance for healthcare and legal aid from non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Participants reported the following barriers to access to GBV services: anticipated stigma, the internalized stigma, which resulted in shame and low self-esteem, a lack of knowledge on NGOs’ services that can assist with healthcare and legal aid, the perception that mental health services were unavailable, a lack of social support, enacted stigma by the police, and the perceived healthcare cost. The participants reported social support and knowledge of NGOs’ services as facilitators of access to GBV service. Social media and NGO staff were reported to be preferred sources of information. Participants wanted more effective law enforcement services, comprehensive healthcare catered to the unique transgender women’s needs, and non-discriminating service providers. Discussion: Interventions to address GBV and improve the health outcomes of transgender women should involve creating an enabling environment for help-seeking with the partnership between NGOs and different sectors and building social support.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Drug Use and Harm Reduction Programming in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: a Regional Consultation of Stakeholders and People Who Use Drugs

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed a slow but steady increase in the harm reduction response since 2016. It is likely that such gains are threatened by the impact of COVID-19. Very little is known about the health response and situation of people who use drugs (PWUD) during the pandemic in the region. A mixed method study was conducted by the MENA Harm Reduction Association (MENAHRA) to assess the situation of PWUD and impacts on harm reduction services during COVID-19. Twelve countries and two regional viewpoints responded to the survey. A virtual focus group was held with the MENA Network of People who Use Drugs (MENANPUD) focal points (n = 11). The study highlights how COVID-19 aggravated existing marginalization and stigmatization of PWUD and other key populations in the MENA region, with government level resourcing severely impacted by COVID-19. It further illustrates the commitment by harm reduction non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in diversifying their response, particularly through mobile outreach to drug hot spots, and the reliance of technology to support awareness raising, telemedicine, and medicine supplies. Positive shifts are observed in harm reduction policy by governments in some MENA countries and the continued commitment to support PWUD communities by existing harm reduction NGOs. Continued advocacy for and implementation of harm reduction responses at the domestic and regional levels should be underpinned by inclusion in state health emergency planning and disease control efforts, awareness raising around innovation and telemedicine to support health and NGO support systems and medicine supply chains, resourcing of NGOs, and provision of economic support for PWUD, disease surveillance, and research.

Socio-Economics And Livelihood Status Of Coastal Fishers In The Puducherry Union Territoryof India - An Exploratory Study

Knowledge on the socio-economics and livelihood status of fishers is important in view of stagnating capture fisheries production in recent years and to plan suitable additional livelihood interventions. A study undertaken among the coastal fishers (n=145) of Puducherry and Karaikal Districts of Puducherry Union Territory along the south-east coast of India in 2018-19, indicated that while fishing was the full time occupation for Karaikal fishers, about 56% of the coastal inland fishers of Puducherry District realised their income from non-fisheries occupations due to insufficient emolyment and income in fisheries. The fishers’ mean livelihood score was found to be 70% which indicated that they need supplementary activities for employment and income generation. Therefore, Department of Fisheries (DoF) may plan a two-pronged strategy comprising natural resource restoration measures such as re-stocking and stock enhancement involving habitat protection. Similarly the DoF may inititate capacity enhancement programme on culture based fisheries like cage and pen farming in the open waters with the technical support of research institutions and homestead based additional income generating activities with the support of non-governmental organisations to enhance the livelihood security of fishers. It is right time that the DoF may propose plans for both resource conservation and culture fisheries based livelihood security programmes under the newly launched Prime Minister’s Fisheries Development Scheme (Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana-PMMSY) of Govt. of India to ensure the livelihood security of fishers.

Parents Socio-Economic Factors as it Affect Students Academic Performance in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti State

The study examined the influence of parent’s socio-economic status on the academic performance of students in selected public secondary schools in Ado Local government Area of Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study used stratified sampling techniques to select two hundred and five (205) students from five (5) public schools. Also, data on students’ academic performance was obtained from students results in four core subjects. Data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The study revealed that parents attitudes, parents socio-economic status, insufficient parental incomes, and lack of funding by the government are factors influencing students’ academic performance. Based on these findings, certain recommendations are made towards improving students’ academic performance, prominent of these include proper funding of education by government, sensitisation of parents towards their children education, increase in parental salaries in line with the current economic situation as well as the provision of adequate books and facilities in schools to breach the gap between the rich and the poor and the support of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) to eradicate poverty.

Sustainable sanitation jobs: prospects for enhancing the livelihoods of pit-emptiers in Bangladesh

Manual pit-emptying – the removal of faecal sludge from pits and tanks using hands or basic tools – is a widespread practice in Bangladesh, and in other low- and middle-income countries. Despite this, little is known about the livelihoods of pit-emptiers. This paper analyses data from six cases of pit-emptying in three cities in Bangladesh, across three different operational modes: private cooperatives, government employees and self-employed workers. These cases describe the experiences of emptiers from diverse socio-economic, religious and ethnic backgrounds, operating across a formal–informal spectrum. We find that government employees and self-employed groups are deprived of basic rights, fear a loss of income brought about by mechanisation and cannot access alternative livelihoods. While the status of emptiers in private cooperatives has improved recently due to the support of governmental oranisations (GOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), the extent to which these cooperatives are sustainable, without the ongoing support of NGOs or GOs, remains unclear. In all modes, sustainable livelihoods are hindered by deep-rooted social and financial barriers. Organisations can support pit-emptiers by designing sanitation interventions that prioritise the human right to decent work, focussing not only on the beneficiaries of universal sanitation, but also on those who work to implement this ambitious goal.

Interdepartmental interaction in social support of persons without a fixed place of residenc

Persons without a fixed place of residence currently constitute a certain social group, characterized by a constant growing trend, in particular, due to persons released from prison, which increases its social risk, expressed in the potential environment for crimes, social danger, as well as the degradation of an individual as a whole. The activities of state institutions of the social support system for homeless persons are primarily related to the restoration of a person's status in various fields, including in the legal sphere in the form of restoration of lost documents and in the labor sphere — job search. The solution to these problems involves the inclusion in social support of non-governmental organizations that have low requirements for the status of homeless people and assume work on their «territory», which implies the complete absence of any barriers. In this regard, it is necessary to develop intersectoral interaction between the state and the non-profit sector in the system of social support for people without a fixed place of residence.

Healing Lives and Communities: How Can NGOs Support Restorative Justice Involving Youth

Restorative justice is gaining momentum as a more effective and holistic response to delinquent juvenile behavior. Four decades of research relates restorative justice initiatives to positive outcomes including enhanced victim and offender satisfaction and sense of fairness, increased compliance with restitution, and reduced recurrence of offensive behaviors (Hansen & Umbreit, 2018). This paper discusses the benefits of restorative justice, reviews four major restorative justice approaches, and then explores the value and potential roles of community-based, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in supporting restorative justice policies and practices, particularly involving young people. The authors’ experience working with Youth Advocate Programs, Inc. (YAP), a U.S. based nonprofit organization that promotes community-based alternatives to institutionalization for juvenile justice involved youth with complex needs and challenges, informs their perspective. The authors aspire through this paper to cultivate community interest and engagement in restorative justice through presenting several pathways for NGOs to promote its practices and related benefits.

Parenting issues in educating children with adhd in the contex of inclusive education in Ukraine

The article deals with the most common mental disorders of children in Ukraine in the context of the current international classification. The role of heredity in the etiology of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is noted. The issue of appropriate family upbringing for the purpose of full inclusion of the child with ADHD is raised. The progress of parents of children with ADHD in the process of family education with the support of non-governmental organizations is analyzed.