Non-governmental Initiatives Research Articles

A cross-sectional study on factors associated with iron-folic acid supplement adherence among antenatal women of Haringhata block of Nadia district, West Bengal

Background: Anaemia, lack of can cause health complications across all age groups, particularly among pregnant women. In India, despite various governmental and non-governmental initiatives, the coverage and compliance of iron folic acid (IFA) therapy among pregnant women remain inadequate. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of non-adherence and its determinants among pregnant mothers in Haringhata block, Nadia district, West Bengal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted, selecting eligible pregnant mothers through simple random sampling from sub-centre lists. Confidential interviews were conducted using a pre-designed, structured questionnaire, with informed consent obtained from participants. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) 20.0. Results: Results showed that 37.7% of pregnant women were anaemic, and 19.9% were non-adherent to IFA supplements. Among the non-adherent, 56.5% missed IFA intake due to forgetfulness. Lack of knowledge was a significant barrier, with 53.42% unaware of IFA benefits and none knowing the exact duration of intake. Bivariate analyses indicated higher odds of non-adherence among mothers whose husbands were unemployed/unskilled, who suffered from anaemia, and who lacked knowledge about IFA benefits. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that addressing forgetfulness, providing accurate knowledge about IFA intake, and targeted interventions for teenage mothers can improve adherence rates, preventing anaemia and enhancing maternal and child health outcomes.

Are you white enough to understand Swedish?: a raciolinguistic exploration in parent encounters in a non-formal educational terrain

ABSTRACT The article investigates how linguicism, racialisation and ethnicisation interconnect in a non-formal adult education setting, a non-governmental integration initiative targeting parents of small children in Sweden. Through ethnographic research at two sites where meetings were held, and a theoretical framework of combining raciolinguistic and phenomenology of whiteness, ‘sideways’ experiences are revealed. These consist of (i) visual markers (i.e. whiteness) creating assumptions about who is a language learner as seen through the eyes of the white Swedish perceiving subject, (ii) non-whiteness leading to assumptions about being ‘a migrant’ needing linguistic attention, (iii) the meetings being spaces where the ‘non-white’ language learner is missing, as benevolence on the surface masks exclusion on the basis of who can inhabit the meeting spaces. The theoretical application embarking from the white Swedish perceiving subject thus reveals the relationship of race and language in non-formal parent education.

Learning Modalities in MENAEvaluating the Non-Governmental Organizations Initiative

With increasing reliance being placed on the civil society sector to respond to rising population needs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, it is crucial to strengthen the capacity of workers in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to ensure localized, contextualized, and more effective responses. However, in the absence of systematic evaluation approaches to the capacity-building opportunities offered to NGO workers in the region, evidence on the most effective mode of delivery of these training opportunities remains scarce. We evaluated training courses implemented by the Non-Governmental Organizations Initiative at the American University of Beirut between July 2019 and November 2021 that aims to strengthen the internal capacities of NGOs in MENA, with a focus on comparing online synchronous versus in-person learning modalities. Through a mixed-methods approach, short-term and long-term data was collected from learners including knowledge assessments, course evaluations, and semi-structured interviews. A total of 383 learners participated in the training, 254 of which attended online and 129 attended in-person courses. While differences in knowledge and perceptions regarding the two modalities were relatively similar, in-person modality was preferred over online modality by virtue of it being perceived as being more engaging and more conducive for communication and networking. Details regarding the results covering strengths, challenges, and comparisons between both modalities are expanded on in the manuscript. This study highlights the overall prefer-ence of learners for in-person courses compared to online synchronous ones and highlights the need for research on identifying factors that could contribute to increased engagement in online synchronous learning along with strategies for adoption.

Non-actualization of Governmental and Non-governmental Empowerment Policies and Initiatives for Nigerian Women since 1985

Non-actualization of Governmental and Non-governmental Empowerment Policies and Initiatives for Nigerian Women since 1985

Non-actualization of Governmental and Non-governmental Empowerment Policies and Initiatives for Nigerian Women since 1985

Non-actualization of Governmental and Non-governmental Empowerment Policies and Initiatives for Nigerian Women since 1985

PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIPLE CONSTRAINTS ON PERFORMANCE OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL PROJECTS IN RWANDA A CASE OFNGOS IN BUGESRA DISTRICT

Background: This study aimed to examine the impact of project triple restrictions on the performance of Rwandan non-governmental initiatives. It focused on time management, cost management, and scope management on the effectiveness of these projects. The research was guided by three theories: theory of constraints, Goal Setting Theory, and Complexity Theory. The study involved 12 Local NGOs in Bugesera district, with a target population of 120 individuals. Primary data was gathered through questionnaires, while secondary data was gathered from various sources. The reliability level was determined using Cronbachs Alpha. Methods and Materials: Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (v25), and key themes related to scope management practices, project performance indicators, and contextual factors influencing NGO projects in Rwanda were identified. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques, such as correlation analysis or regression modeling, to examine relationships between variables and test hypotheses. Results:The findings reveal that in the context of non-governmental projects in Bugesera District, Rwanda, effective scope management significantly influences project performance, with a standardized coefficient of .870 (p < .001), indicating a strong positive relationship. Time management also demonstrates a significant negative impact on performance (β = -.195, p = .008), highlighting the importance of efficient scheduling and timely completion of tasks. However, cost management does not exhibit a significant influence on project performance (β = .020, p = .771). The study indicates that effective scope management plays a pivotal role in enhancing the performance of non-governmental projects in Bugesera District, Rwanda, demonstrating a strong positive relationship with project outcomes. Conversely, while time management significantly affects project performance negatively, the influence of cost management appears to be non-significant in this context, suggesting that prioritizing scope alignment and efficient scheduling is crucial for project success. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is recommended that NGOs operating in Bugesera District prioritize effective scope management to optimize project performance, ensuring clear alignment with objectives and deliverables. Additionally, attention should be given to improving time management practices to minimize delays and enhance project efficiency, while maintaining a vigilant approach to cost management to prevent budget overruns and resource misallocation.

Equity in HIV/AIDS services requires optimization of mainstreaming sectors in Ethiopia

BackgroundMainstreaming HIV and AIDS across sectors is crucial to close the disparities in service provision and coverage. However, evidence has shown that certain social groups are left behind in receiving HIV/AIDS services. The objective of this study was twofold: to understand the reasons behind the existing inequities and to explore challenges of equity in HIV/AIDS services in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.MethodsTwenty-two adults (aged 26–57 years) from eighteen sectors that are mainstreaming HIV and AIDS were purposefully selected until the point of saturation and participated in a semi-structured in-depth interview conducted between January 20 and February 17, 2023. Interviewees were asked to describe their mainstreaming experiences in equitable HIV/AIDS services, reflect on the challenges and barriers that impede equitable service provision, or explain the reasons behind the existence of inequity in HIV/AIDS services. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, translated, and iteratively analysed, with early analysis informing subsequent interviews. An inductive-reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, whereby themes and subthemes were identified, and the relationships between subthemes and patterns were critically reviewed.ResultsThe challenges to equitable HIV/AIDS service provision were grouped into eight thematic areas: (1) changing contexts that shifts public and government attention to emerging diseases, war and political instability, and poverty; (2) leadership-related, such as the lack of supervision and monitoring, not politicising HIV/AIDS (not providing political attention to HIV/AIDS) and weak intersectoral collaboration; (3) financial constraints due to a random budgeting and contract interruption with non-governmental organisations (NGOs); (4) lack of resources due to scarcity and unfair distribution; (5) inadequate skilled personnel due to inadequate numbers and lack of continuous professional and career development; (6) lack of equity-related evidence-based tools and guidelines; (7) inadequate understanding of equity due to lack of training and misunderstanding, and lack of access to equity-oriented tools and guidelines; and (8) cultural norms, values, and perceptions.ConclusionsThis study identified critical challenges faced in the equitable HIV/AIDS services provision. To achieve equity in HIV/AIDS services, mainstreaming sectors need to invest in mechanisms to sustain services in emergency situations; identify effective leaders to maintain collaboration, monitoring, and evaluation; institutionalise responsive budgeting and establish alternative funds to maintain non-governmental organisations initiatives; provide continuous up-to-date training and create a common evidence-sharing platform; implement proper recruitment, education, and professional development of HIV/AIDS focal persons; and promote and practice culturally safe care. It is, therefore, essential to optimise sectors that are mainstreaming HIV/AIDS and incorporate equity considerations in their strategic plans and working guidelines.

Riverine Community Vulnerability to Flooding: An Insight from the Bramhaputra-Jamuna River at Harirampur Upazila, Manikganj

Bangladesh is one of the nations that has a distinctive environment for floods. Most of the land is low-lying, and 80% is a floodplain, making it highly susceptible to frequent flooding. This research aims to investigate the susceptibility of riverine communities to flooding and display the spatial distribution of vulnerability for the study region (Harirampur Upazila). A vulnerability assessment index is developed using multiple variables related to social, physical, and economic vulnerability. A quantitative survey is conducted to gather data on physical, social, and economic factors contributing to household vulnerability to floods. The results reveal that out of the five unions in Harirampur Upazila, Gopinathpur, and Lesraganj unions, they have been found to have a high vulnerability to flooding (vulnerability scores of 3.19 and 3.10, respectively). Kanchanpur Union is severely vulnerable to flooding (score 3.57). On the other hand, Gala Union is designated as a lowly vulnerable (score of 2.23) area, and Ramkrishnapur Union is classified as a moderately vulnerable (score of 2.83) area. Finally, this study would help to assign government and non-government initiatives following the vulnerability category during critical conditions of any disaster period. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 9(2): 195-214, 2023 (December)

Safety measures and sanitation facilities of the fruit vendors during COVID-19 in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

This study aimed to find the factors affecting the fruit vendor’s safety measures and sanitation facilities during COVID-19 in Bangladesh. A quantitative research design was used to conduct this study. Random sampling techniques were executed to collect data from 416 fruit vendors through a field survey. The study reveals that 87% of the fruit vendors took safety measures during COVID-19. Most of them had better sanitation facilities at home compared to their workplaces. Their safety measures and sanitation facilities were associated with socioeconomic backgrounds. Age, type of house, place of business, and receiving financial support influenced fruit vendors’ safety measures. Sanitation facilities at home were affected by their sex, schooling, types of houses, and working hours. Types of houses, family income, and business duration impacted the workplace's sanitation facilities. Their socio-demographic and economic situations affected fruit vendors' safety measures and sanitation facilities during COVID-19. Fear of death and government market mechanisms also might have played a significant role in measuring the different steps against Coronavirus infection. Health and hygiene rules prescribed by the authorities should be followed strictly to avoid dire situations during the pandemic. Both government and non-government initiatives should be given the utmost priority to create sanitation awareness, whether about personal cleanliness or workplace hygiene and paired with financial support.

Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Prevention of Online Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of Literature

Online Child sexual abuse (OCSA) is a major menace in the digitalized world. Every year, more than a billion children between the ages of 2–17 years are sexually abused. Despite the harsh reality of most incidents, they remain unreported. Not only that but activities on dark web platforms go unmoderated and it becomes very difficult and complex to trace the origin of abuse and exploitation of children. In cases of online abuse, the sources through which detection can be done are evaded. Although several government and non-government initiatives have been implemented worldwide to curb this social menace, their effectiveness and accuracy remain questionable. AI-based services if regulated and executed cautiously can be effective in diagnosing and preventing sexual abuse in children on virtual platforms. Existing literature implies that AI can be a potent armor to detect and predict child sexual abuse online. The ability of artificial intelligence to predict and stop sexual abuse in children is very promising. AI-based technologies that can aid in the identification and prevention of violence against children include mobile computing, the Internet of Things, chatbots, machine learning, pattern recognition, and cloud computing. Therefore, it is essential to examine the existing literature pertaining to the research area, to highlight the emergent need for more applied and evidence-based research in the area. Thus, this study aimed to identify interventions driven by artificial intelligence in preventing online child sexual abuse, its limitations, and future implications. We conducted an extensive systematic literature review to understand the trends and efficacy of AI-based services in preventing and tracing child sexual abuse. The selection of research studies was performed in accordance with the PRISMA standards. Relevant studies were extracted from databases such as ScienceDirect, Springer, IEEE, and MDPI. Articles were selected and screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study identified 35 papers that were strictly limited to the prospect of AI interventions for online child sexual abuse. The review helped in deducing 3 major themes, namely, current trends in the field of AI for preventing online child sexual abuse, algorithm evaluation (advantages and disadvantages of AI tools) in preventing OCSA, and recommendation for technique advancements of AI tools. However, there is scarce evidence that proves AI interventions are effective in solving online child sexual abuse issues, as shown in the paper, thereby encouraging more extant research to be conducted in the area.

Women Empowerment and Entrepreneurship in Rural Communities in Uttarakhand, India

This paper explores the multifaceted relationship between women empowerment and entrepreneurship in rural communities of Uttarakhand, India. It examines the unique challenges and opportunities faced by women entrepreneurs, analyses government and non-governmental initiatives aimed at fostering their growth, and assesses their impact on individual lives and community development. The paper argues that entrepreneurial ventures present a powerful pathway towards women empowerment, contributing to economic independence, enhanced decision-making power, and social change. However, it also acknowledges the persistent hurdles that hinder progress, calling for holistic and nuanced approaches to support women entrepreneurs in achieving their full potential. Keywords: Women, Entrepreneurship, Rural Communities, Empowerment.

Changes in the European Union definition for endocrine disruptors: how many molecules remain a cause for concern? The example of crop protection products used in agriculture in France in the six last decades.

The endocrine-disrupting effects of phytopharmaceutical active substances (PAS) on human health are a public health concern. The CIPATOX-PE database, created in 2018, listed the PAS authorized in France between 1961 and 2014 presenting endocrine-disrupting effects for humans according to data from official international organizations. Since the creation of CIPATOX-PE, European regulations have changed, and new initiatives identifying substances with endocrine-disrupting effects have been implemented and new PAS have been licensed. The study aimed to update the CIPATOX-PE database by considering new 2018 European endocrine-disrupting effect identification criteria as well as the new PAS authorized on the market in France since 2015. The endocrine-disrupting effect assessment of PAS from five international governmental and non-governmental initiatives was reviewed, and levels of evidence were retained by these initiatives for eighteen endocrine target organs. The synthesis of the identified endocrine-disrupting effects allowed to assign an endocrine-disrupting effect level of concern for 241 PAS among 980 authorized in France between 1961 and 2021. Thus, according to the updated CIPATOX-PE data, 44 PAS (18.3%) had an endocrine-disrupting effect classified as "high concern," 133 PAS (55.2%) "concern," and 64 PAS (26.6%) "unknown effect" in the current state of knowledge. In the study, 42 PAS with an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" are similarly classified in CIPATOX-PE-2018 and 2021, and 2 new PAS were identified as having an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" in the update, and both were previously classified with an endocrine-disrupting effect of "concern" in CIPATOX-PE-2018. Finally, a PAS was identified as having an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" in CIPATOX-PE-2018 but is now classified as a PAS not investigated for endocrine-disrupting effects in CIPATOX-PE-2021. The endocrine target organs associated with the largest number of PAS with an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" is the reproductive system with 31 PAS. This is followed by the thyroid with 25 PAS and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (excluding the gonadotropic axis) with 5 PAS. The proposed endocrine-disrupting effect indicator, which is not a regulatory classification, can be used as an epidemiological tool for occupational risks and surveillance.

Application of cognitive remediation in the world: new experiences from two schizophrenia rehabilitation centers in Togo and Benin

PurposePeople with schizophrenia in Sub-Saharan Africa often live in very difficult conditions, suffer important social isolation and usually do not receive any kind of treatment. In this context, some non-governmental initiatives have come to light, providing accommodation, food, primary healthcare, medications and, in some cases, education and rehabilitation. The aims of this study were to assess feasibility, effects, and acceptability of a Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) intervention in the particular context of psychiatric rehabilitation in Togo and Benin.MethodsPatients diagnosed with schizophrenia accessing the “Saint Camille” association rehabilitation centers in Togo and Benin during the enrollment period were allocated consecutively with a 1:1 proportion to receive a manualized CRT intervention (46 one-hour sessions over 14 weeks) or continuing Treatment As Usual (TAU). The assessment included validated measures of cognitive performance and real-world functioning and was performed at baseline and at the conclusion of treatment.ResultsAll subjects that were invited into the study agreed to participate and completed the intervention, for a total of 36 participants. CRT produced greater improvements than TAU in processing speed, working memory, verbal memory, cognitive flexibility, and executive functions measures, with moderate to large effect sizes, in particular in processing speed and working memory domains.ConclusionsCRT represents a feasible and effective psychosocial intervention that can be implemented even in contexts with very limited resources, and could represent an important instrument to promote the rehabilitation process of people living with schizophrenia in low-income countries.

Lupus Nephritis in Northeastern India: Navigating the complex landscape of clinical challenges and emerging healthcare opportunities

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with varied manifestations, significantly impacting women and potentially leading to Lupus Nephritis (LN), a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The review article explores the unique challenges and opportunities in managing lupus nephritis (LN) in North Eastern India, a region characterised by diverse ethnicities, cultures, and socioeconomic challenges. With a higher than average prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN), the region presents distinct epidemiological patterns, likely influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The management and prognosis of LN are further complicated by the region's geographical and infrastructural limitations, including access to specialised healthcare and socioeconomic barriers, which impacts the patient’s outcome. Despite the challenges, there are emerging opportunities for improvement through innovations in healthcare delivery, governmental and non-governmental initiatives aimed at enhancing healthcare access, and the adaptation of treatment guidelines to the local context. This review article underscores the importance of region-specific research and healthcare strategies to improve care and outcome for lupus nephritis (LN) patients in North Eastern India, thus contributing to the broader understanding of the disease in diverse populations and settings.

The Roles of Women in Nigeria’s Quest for Rural Economic Development: A Case Study of Ife Central Area, Osun State

The role of women in rural economic development in Nigeria is pivotal amidst ongoing efforts to alleviate poverty and enhance community well-being. This study examines women’s contributions within Ife Central Local Government Area, Osun State, highlighting various government and non-governmental initiatives aimed at grassroots development. Despite substantial policy frameworks like the Better Life for Rural Women and Microfinance, challenges such as ineffective implementation and corruption persist, impacting rural communities disproportionately. Data for this study were gathered using quantitative methods and analyzed through content analysis. Drawing on Thirlwall’s development goals and the basic needs approach, this research underscores the importance of local participation and effective governance in achieving sustainable rural economic growth. It advocates for enhanced women’s involvement and community-focused strategies to overcome existing barriers and foster inclusive development.

Micro-hydro Power Plant-Based Social Entrepreneurship Practices in Rural West Java (A Case Study of Cintamekar Village, Subang Regency)

Cintamekar Village in Subang Regency, West Java, is a peripheral village. One of its characteristics is that residents, especially from the pre-prosperous group, have not been able to enjoy the flow of electricity even though the source of electricity through the PLN is available. To overcome this, on the initiative of the non-governmental organization Initiative of People's Business and Economy (IBEKA), a PLTMH was built in the area. The purpose of this research is to analyze factors affecting social entrepreneurship for community empowerment. The research uses a quantitative approach which is reinforced by qualitative data. The method chosen is the case study. The results showed that overall, the formation of cooperatives was able to build social entrepreneurship by creating social benefits (score 3.6), carrying out social innovation (score above 3), and making the economic activities of citizens more diverse (score 4). The results from the data processed using SEM-PLS show that the development of social entrepreneurship is influenced by the characteristics of technology and innovation by 0.281. The communication channel factor is more dominant in influencing the development of social entrepreneurship, which is equal to 0.487. These two factors explained that there was a change of 33.3 percent in social entrepreneurship. The social entrepreneurship practice of the PLTMH program in Cintamekar Village is built on the characteristics of technology, innovation, and communication channels. The characteristics of technology and innovation as well as communication channels are the driving force for residents to change their social entrepreneurship behavior. This means that the technological and innovation characteristics of the PLTMH development and the communication channels used, through cooperative institutions, have a good impact on the development of social entrepreneurship in Cintamekar Village, and as a whole, they are able to build social entrepreneurship in creating social innovation and economic activities.

Applicability of Islamic microfinance as an alternative tool for Poverty Eradication in Nigeria

The microfinance system is one of the governmental and non-governmental initiatives to eradicate poverty, even though conventional microfinance does not satisfactorily serve the needs of underprivileged households in Nigeria. However, Islamic microfinance has great potential to facilitate its roles in providing financial services per Islamic values. This research examines Islamic microfinance's perception of poverty eradication in the Kwara State of Nigeria. The 364 responses from microfinance clients in Ilorin, Kwara State of Nigeria, were analyzed through SPSS using descriptive and Pearson coefficient moment correlation (PPMC). The findings indicated a positive statistically significant correlation between Islamic microfinance and household income (PEHI), healthcare (PEHC), education(PEED), and employment(PEEM). This study is significant as it presents the applicability of Islamic microfinance for eradicating poverty in the study area. Policymakers should widely institutionalize Islamic microfinance institutions nationwide and take necessary and exclusive measures to ensure their effectiveness for poverty eradication and achieving sustainable socioeconomic development.

Socio-Economic Profile of Fish Farmer at Panchayat Level of Kawardha District, Chhattisgarh

The socio-economic basis study serves as a fundamental precursor essential for initiating or advancing any development endeavour. In order to gain insights into the socio-economic status of fish farmers at the grassroots level in the Kawardha region, Chhattisgarh, an extensive survey was undertaken. This survey entailed the random selection of twenty-one fish farmers from two distinct panchayats, who were subsequently interviewed in person utilizing a meticulously crafted and pre-tested structured schedule. Over a duration of two months, comprehensive data pertaining to various socio-economic indicators were meticulously collected from the fish farming community. The study meticulously examined and presented a myriad of socio-economic factors, encompassing family demographics such as size and age group, educational background, occupational status, expertise in fish farming, preferred methods of fish culture, utilization of fish feed, familiarity with fish diseases, family structure, housing conditions, pond dimensions, and sources of financial backing. The findings of the study underscored the critical importance of comprehending the socio-economic profiles of fish farmers in driving the progress of aquaculture enterprises. The focus was primarily directed towards elucidating the existing circumstances and challenges faced by fish farmers, with the intent of furnishing valuable insights to inform future governmental and non-governmental initiatives aimed at bolstering the welfare and productivity of the fish farming sector.

Potentials of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption by health workers in Nigeria: A case study of Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital Kano

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been identified as a vehicle with the potential to improve the quality of health care systems as well as the efficiency of the health workers both in the developed and developing countries. Non-governmental organizations initiatives often fail in making use of ICT technology possibly due to lack of ICT knowledgeable and skilled personnel in the health sector. This study investigates the potentials of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption by health workers in Nigeria. Quantitative survey was used to collect data from randomly chosen health workers at Abdullahi Wase Specialist Hospital Kano in Nigeria. A total of 150 on-paper questionnaires were distributed among clinical and non-clinical staff and 140 (93.3%) questionnaires were collected and analysed using a modified technology acceptance model (TAM). The results showed that there is significant correlation between the knowledge (dependent variable) and perceive usefulness and perceive ease of use (independent variables) both at significant level of 0.05. This indicates that presence of prior computer knowledge and exposure has significant influence on health workers perceptions (perceive usefulness and perceive ease of use), overall attitude toward adoption and eventually usage of information and communication technologies. This indicates that knowledge and attitude scores of health workers in this study reflect progress despite the lack of institutional training.

Business Development Services and Government Regulations: Prospects and Challenges of Youth-Owned Enterprises in Kigali Rwanda

Small and medium-sized businesses are crucial for creating jobs and reducing poverty, and Rwanda's economic growth. Business development services as a central component of government and non-government initiatives to expand occupation, provide greater income, and give economic stability. However, small and medium enterprises in Rwanda are experiencing poor performance since there was a reduction in SMEs Output from 58% in 2020 to 30% in 2021. Those obstacles can be improved by adopting business development services as an approach. Therefore, the focus of this paper was to examine how business development services affect the performance of youth-owned small and medium enterprises in Kigali City, Rwanda. The Resource-Based View, the Theory of Stage of Development, and Schumpeter’s Theory of Innovation were the main theories. This study used positivism as a research philosophy. An explanatory research design was employed on a sample size of 154 small and medium enterprises selected from the target population of 256 small and medium enterprises in Kigali, Rwanda. The study recommends policy and practice ramifications that can be used to improve business development services on the performance of youth-owned businesses in Rwanda. The study recommends the management of youth-owned enterprises strengthen their networking services, financial services, training services, and marketing services so that small and medium enterprises will be able to learn more and gain vital business potential which will enable them to better manage their businesses and enhance their long-term profitability and performance. Furthermore, the findings also established that government regulations in Rwanda significantly moderate the relationship between business development services and the performance of the business in Kigali city. In particular, the government should review taxes charged by the running of the enterprise and the process of obtaining a license to participate in the business. This will make it possible for young business owners to understand and take advantage of numerous business development services, which will ultimately improve their business performance.