Abstract The M/V “Norstar” and the M/T “San Padre Pio” cases raise important questions regarding the interpretation and application of the freedom of navigation and the principle of exclusive flag State jurisdiction, namely if the latter prohibits the exercise of prescriptive jurisdiction on the high seas by non-flag States. One of the exceptional aspects of the M/V “Norstar” case is the Joint Dissenting Opinion (JDO) by seven judges underlining a distinctive view regarding the interpretation of the freedom of navigation and the principle of exclusive flag State jurisdiction. Subsequent to the M/V “Norstar” case, the M/T “San Padre Pio” case was submitted and bares relevance for the clarification on some of the key matters addressed in the Judgment and the JDO in the M/V “Norstar” case. This article highlights the different views of the Judgment and the JDO and examines the relation with the M/T “San Padre Pio” case.