Nonextraction Cases Research Articles

The Three-Dimensional Investigation of the Radiographic Boundary of Mandibular Full-Arch Distalization in Different Facial Patterns

Objective: Mandibular full-arch distalization (MFD) is a popular approach, particularly in non-extraction cases. However, we still cannot confirm whether facial patterns affect the amount of limits. This study aimed to determine the anatomical MFD limits in patients with different facial patterns. Study design: Using computed tomography (CT), the shortest distances from the mandibular second molar to the inner cortex of the mandibular lingual surface and from the lower central incisor to the inner cortex of the lingual mandibular symphysis were measured in 60 samples (30 patients). The available distalization space in both regions was compared between groups with different facial patterns. Results: The available space in symphysis was more critical than that in retromolar area: the shortest distances to the inner cortex of the lingual mandibular symphysis at root levels 8 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction of the incisor were 1.28, 1.60, and 3.48 mm in the high-, normal-, and low-angle groups, respectively. Conclusions: Facial patterns affected the MFD capacity, and the thickness of the lingual mandibular symphysis was the most critical anatomic limit encountered. Practitioners should always pay attention to the possible impacts from facial patterns, especially in the treatment of high-angle cases.

Distinguishing Profiles of Extraction Versus Non-extraction Cases Post-orthodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

Distinguishing Profiles of Extraction Versus Non-extraction Cases Post-orthodontic Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study

A Comparative Analysis of Arch Widths in Class I and Class II Malocclusion: Extraction vs. Non-extraction Treatment.

This study aimed to assess and compare dental arch widths in the anterior and posterior regions among patients undergoing extraction and non-extraction treatments for Class I and Class II malocclusions. A total of 40 patients were selected, with 10 in each of the categorized groups based on malocclusion type and treatment status. Dental arch widths were meticulously measured using a digital Vernier caliper at the canine and molar regions to ensure precise data collection. Statistically significant differences were noted when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods among extraction cases in Class I malocclusion (p < 0.001). Conversely, there were no significant changes observed in arch widths among non-extraction cases in Class I malocclusion. Similarly, significant changes were observed in both extraction and non-extraction cases of Class II malocclusion when comparing mean inter-canine and molar widths between pre- and post-treatment periods (p < 0.05). After treatment, both Class I and Class II extraction cases showed an increase in inter-canine arch width, while intermolar arch width remained unchanged, suggesting that the treatment did not significantly alter the buccal corridor. Additionally, there were no notable changes in inter-canine arch widths between pre- and post-treatment in Class I non-extraction cases. However, the Class II non-extraction group exhibited increased upper and lower inter-canine arch widths after treatment.

Silhouette Profiles in the Assessment of Facial Aesthetics: A Comparison of Cases Treated with Damon and Traditional Braces

Aim The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the perception of patient’s soft tissue profiles treated with Damon and traditional braces (MBT) in non-extraction cases. Methods The record of 14 patients (five Damon, five MBT, and four Duplicated) non extraction cases was included in the study. A total of 28 resulting profile silhouettes (pre- and post-treatment profile photographs) were evaluated by 90 examiners (orthodontists, general dentists, laypersons) using a Likert scale to rate the profiles randomly. Statistical analysis (Student t-test, ANOVA) revealed significant differences both between and within groups. Results The Laypersons, General dentist, and Orthodontist significantly gave high scores for Damon system compared to (MBT system). It is seen that both male and female examiners gave high scores for Damon compared to MBT system. Conclusion Damon system was found to have a perceptible difference in the profile improvement when compared to MBT with all three groups of examiners.

Evaluation of digital and manual orthodontic diagnostic setups in non-extraction cases using ABO model grading system: an in-vitro study

BackgroundTo evaluate the outcome quality of manual and digital orthodontic diagnostic setups in non-extraction cases according to the American Board of Orthodontics model grading system and to calculate the laboratory time needed for orthodontic diagnostic setup construction.MethodsThe sample consisted of 60 pretreatment models of non-extraction orthodontic cases with age ranges of 18–30. The study models were duplicated and scanned with 3Shape R-750 scanner. Digital and manual diagnostic setups were constructed according to their respective treatment plans. Digital diagnostic setups were 3D printed and then both manual and digital setups were assessed using the modified American Board of Orthodontics Cast Radiograph evaluation score (ABO CRE), which includes alignment, marginal ridge, buccolingual inclination, occlusal contacts, occlusal relationships, interproximal contacts, and overjet. The laboratory time needed for orthodontic setups was measured in minutes.ResultsThe total ABO CRE score of the digital diagnostic setup group (5.93 ± 2.74) was significantly lower than that of the manual diagnostic setup group (13.08 ± 3.25). The manual diagnostic setup had significantly larger scores in marginal ridge, overjet, overbite, buccolingual inclination, occlusal relationship, and total scores (P < 0.01). However, the digital diagnostic setup had a statistically larger occlusal contacts score than the manual diagnostic setup (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the alignment and the interproximal contacts scores in either group. The manual diagnostic setup needed significantly longer laboratory time (187.8 ± 14.22) than the digital setup (93.08 ± 12.65) (P < 0.01). Comparison between broken teeth was performed by using the chi-square test which found no significant difference between different tooth types.ConclusionsDigital diagnostic setup is a reliable tool for orthodontic diagnostic setup construction providing excellent quality setup models. Manual diagnostic setup is time consuming with a technique-sensitive laboratory procedure.

Bracketless fixed orthodontic treatment with mandibular incisor extraction

As an alternative to the conventional fixed appliance that uses orthodontic brackets, a simple tube without a bonding base can be bonded by covering it with flowable composite resin. However, bracketless fixed treatment has been limited to non-extraction cases because rigid archwires cannot be used. In this report, a 23-year-old female patient presented with the chief complaint of the reopening of the maxillary lateral incisor extraction space and the development of mandibular anterior crowding during retention. She was orthodontically treated with the extraction of the maxillary right and left lateral incisors and mandibular left central incisor nine years ago. Spacing at the maxillary extraction site and mandibular crowding developed due to the lingual fixed retainer bond failure. She was diagnosed as skeletal Class I with 1/4-cusp dental Class II. The extraction of the mandibular right central incisor was planned to relieve the mandibular anterior crowding and increase the required overjet for retracting the maxillary central incisors to close the spacing. Simple tubes were bonded to the teeth instead of brackets. Stainless steel retraction overlay archwires were used to close the extraction space and apply Class II elastics. Overlays worked as a rigid archwire, preventing the bowing effect. After treatment, favorable occlusion was achieved. This case report demonstrates that bracketless fixed orthodontic treatment with simple tubes can be applied to mandibular incisor extraction cases with the aid of a rigid overlay archwire.

Enamel interproximal reduction and periodontal health

Enamel interproximal reduction (IPR), also known as stripping, is an orthodontic procedure used by many clinicians, especially in non-extraction cases. It aims to reduce the mesiodistal diameter of teeth by removing interproximal enamel. This therapeutic option allows to obtain space in the dental arch to achieve tooth alignment, in case of mild or moderate crowding, and to preserve the papilla avoiding the onset of black triangles. IPR is an irreversible procedure, and it requires an accurate case examination to avoid damage, such as demineralization of the enamel or periodontal complications, that can compromise both aesthetics and oral health. When performing IPR, orthodontists can change the contact point between the teeth and move it closer to the alveolar crest, thus improving esthetics by reducing the black triangles. However, there is also a risk for worsening periodontal health due to root proximity although, according to the literature, periodontal indices, such as clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP), seem to be not significantly affected by IPR.

Artificial intelligence-based automated model for prediction of extraction using neural network machine learning: A scope and performance analysis

To compare the Artificial Intelligence based model &amp; conventional technique for prediction of extraction in orthodontic treatment plan. A comparative study was conducted on total 700 patients, who were divided into training set and testing set based on simple random sampling by means of computer generated random numbers. The photographs of the 630 patients [training set] along with the treatment plan finalized for them based on Arch Perimeter &amp; Carey’s Analysis, was fed in the AI model [convolutional neural network (ResNet-50)] in order to train it for the stipulated function of eventually predicting the treatment plan in the testing set [70 patients], based on the input of the right profile photographs. The accuracy of measurement of the parameters of these seventy test set patients by the machine learning model relative to the manual method was compared eventually. Using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, the acquired data was statistically analyzed, and p &amp;#60;0.05 was deemed statistically significant. The normality of the data was examined using the Shapiro-Wilks test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Depending on the collected data and normality assessed, appropriate reliability was estimated. The analysis of 70 test patients showed that 65.12% of the total extraction cases and 62.96% of the total non-extraction cases (as predicted by the AI model) were in agreement with the results of the model analysis.It is suggested that the present AI model can further be developed in order to improve the accuracy of prediction.

The effect of orthodontic treatment with and without tooth extraction on stomatognathic function

Extraction commonly used in orthodontic treatment with crowding teeth. However, the total functional effect caused by extrac-tion and orthodontic treatment remains unclear. This study is aimed to explain the effect of orthodontic treatment with and with-out extraction procedures on dental morphology and masticatory function. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study design, consisting of pre- and post-treatment groups (25 cases of extraction and 22 cases of non-extraction); and the long-itudinal study consisted of 23 extraction cases and 3 non-extraction cases. Morphological and functional recording was carried out with several assessments, including irregularity index values, masticatory efficiency, number of occlusal contacts, and EMG analysis. Cross sectional, irregularity index showed a significant decrease in malocclusion (p&lt;0.005). There was no significant change in masticatory efficiency. The occlusal contacts of extraction cases (A and C) tend to increase. The activity of the tem-poral (T) muscle was greater than that of the masseter (M) on EMG analysis. Almost all the results from the longitudinal stu-dies support the results from the cross-sectional studies. Results showed functional data immediately after extraction and amidst dynamic treatment decreased with occlusion instability. Both extraction and non-extraction cases improved morphologically and functionally after orthodontic treatment. It can be concluded that extraction of 4 premolars is not always associated with a negative impact on stomatognathic function when proper orthodontic treatment is performed after extraction.

Digital workflows for 3D-printed customised double-slotted lingual appliances: a case report

Abstract With the advancement of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, orthodontists are able to design and manufacture customised lingual appliances, which may increase treatment versatility and reduce treatment costs. The present article describes the digital workflows associated with the design and manufacture of customised double-slotted lingual brackets and arch wires. Also demonstrated is the technique’s efficiency through a non-extraction case report. An adult patient with moderate crowding in both arches was successfully treated using 3D-printed customised double-slotted lingual appliances combined with miniscrews and interproximal reduction. The moderate crowding was addressed without incisor proclination despite the non-extraction strategy.

Factors that may increase the risk of external apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment : Retrospective clinical investigation.

To determine the correlation between external apical root resorption and malocclusion-related variables in patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. In all, 103patients aged 12-15years and treated with edge-wise appliances either without extractions or with four premolar extractions were included in this retrospective cohort study. External apical root resorption was assessed in the pre- and posttreatment panoramic radiographs of these patients for incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars. Atotal of 2332 teeth were evaluated in 206 panoramic radiographs obtained from 103patients. The gender of the patients, duration of orthodontic treatments, presence of premolar extractions, Angle classification, overbite, overjet and amount of crowding were assessed. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-WhitneyUtest, and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for statistical analysis of the data. Statistically significant (p < 0.001) root resorption occurred in all examined teeth during orthodontic treatment. The degree of root resorption observed in the premolars was significantly greater in premolar extraction cases than in nonextraction cases. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between the degree of root resorption of the maxillary lateral teeth and between the maxillary first premolar teeth and the amount of maxillary crowding. The orthodontic treatment protocols and the amount of tooth movements achieved were shown to be dependent on the severity of dental malocclusions and they have an influence on the amount of external apical root resorption that occurs during the course of orthodontic treatment.

Maxilomandibular changes in patients with Class I maloclusion – A cephalometric study

Maxillomandibular analysis relates the upper and lower jaw. The anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and mandible through both angular and linear measurements is used to assess the sagittal jaw relationship. To evaluate skeletal maxillomandibular changes in patients with class I malocclusion after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment in the Solan population. Cephalometric radiographs before and after treatment of 50 orthodontic patients were used in the study. The sample was divided into 2 groups, Group I (Class I, N=25, extraction cases) and Group II (Class I, N=25, non-extraction cases). Maxillomandibular parameters (ANB, Wits Appraisal, Harvold unit length difference, plane angle AB, convexity angle and MKG angle) were measured in both groups. When comparing the two groups, significant changes were observed in the ANB angle (p=0.05), AO-BO (p=0.00), MKG angle (p=0.03) and convexity angle (p=0, 00). Conversely, Harvold (p=0.70) and AB plane angle (p=0.75) were found to be insignificant. The result of the above study indicated that bone maxillomandibular changes in ANB angle, AO-BO, MKG angle and convexity angle can be observed in patients after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment.

Assessment of Dentoalveolar Changes Following Leveling and Alignment of Severely Crowded Upper Anterior Teeth Using Self-Ligating Brackets Alone or With Flapless Piezocision Compared to Traditional Brackets: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction Dental crowding is one of the most common types of malocclusions. It can be treated with or without extraction, depending on the severity of the crowding. Extraction-based orthodontic treatments are the preferred treatment option in cases of severe crowding, but they take longer than non-extraction cases. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the dentoalveolar changes following the orthodontic treatment of severely crowded maxillary anterior teeth in adults using self-ligating brackets alone or combined with flapless piezocision. Materials and methods The participants in this study were 63 patients (46 females and 17 males; mean age SD: 19.71 ± 2.74 years) who attended the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Damascus from January 2020 to December 2021. The participants were divided into three groups at random: Group (1): traditional brackets group, Group (2): self-ligating brackets group; and Group (3): self-ligating brackets with flapless piezocision group. Little's Irregularity Index (LII) was measured at five assessment times: before the onset of orthodontic treatment (T0), after one month (T1), after two months (T2), after three months (T3), and at the end of the leveling and alignment phase (T4). The intercanine width (lingual), the intercanine width (cusp), and the canine rotation angle were measured at two assessment times: before the onset of orthodontic treatment (T0) and at the end of the leveling and alignment phase (T4). Results The three studied groups had statistically significant differences in terms of LII during the first three months, and the most significant improvement of LII was in the self-ligating brackets with the piezocision group (P < 0.001). In addition, the intercanine width (cusp) at the end of the leveling and aligning phase revealed greater mean values in both self-ligating brackets groups compared to the traditional brackets group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found at the end of the leveling and aligning phase in the intercanine width (lingual) or the canine rotation angle between the three studied groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Using self-ligating brackets with flapless piezocision revealed more significant results concerning LII as compared to other groups. Thus, combining these two acceleration methods could get more effective results in aligning severely crowded teeth. Self-ligating brackets, whether used alone or with flapless piezocision, resulted in greater intercanine width at the cusplevel. The type of brackets (traditional or self-ligating) did not affect the canine rotation angle.

Association between arch width changes and long-term stability 20 years after orthodontic treatment with and without extractions.

To investigate long-term stability 20 years after orthodontic treatment and the association with arch width changes during treatment. This retrospective study investigated 103 patients with Class I and II malocclusions treated with fixed appliances with and without extractions. The sample was treated by one experienced orthodontist and collected from a private orthodontic office. Dental casts were obtained pretreatment (T1), posttreatment (T2), and long-term postretention (T3); they were scanned and converted to STL files. Measurements were evaluated in for the upper and lower arch: intercanine width (IC), intermolar (IM) width, Little's irregularity index (LII). There were 73 female and 30 male patients. Class I was present in 74 patients and Class II in 29. Average postretention time was 17.2 (±6.5) years after an average active retention time of 3.4 (±1.17) years. Extraction was performed in 55 patients while 48 received nonextraction treatment. Bonferroni Post Hoc test showed that LII in the upper and lower arches at T1 was significantly higher in the extraction group (P < .001). Upper and lower arch LII at T3 was slightly higher in extraction cases but remained under 2.05 mm. LII at T3 in the upper and lower arches showed negative correlation with IM T3 in the upper arch (Pearson, N = 103, P = .047), while IC in the upper and lower arches at T3 correlated with IM T3 in the upper and lower (N = 103, P < .001). Clinically relevant long-term stability in both arches was found in extraction and nonextraction cases. Intermolar width and its change during orthodontic treatment was an influential factor on long-term stability in extraction cases.

Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Pharyngeal Airway and adjacent Soft Tissues

Background: There is inconsistent data on the effect of fixed orthodontic treatment on the pharyngeal airway dimensions. Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on airway. Methods: Fifty patients who completed their fixed orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalograms were collected. The airway parameters studied were Superior Posterior Airway Space, Middle Airway Space, Inferior Airway Space, and Vertical Airway Length, while the soft tissues analysed were the height of the tongue, length of the tongue, thickness of soft palate, and length of the soft palate. The measurements of these parameters were done on all the cephalograms and were tabulated and statistically analysed. Results: There was a significant decrease in the middle airway space in the non-extraction group, while the remaining parameters did not show any significant variation. In the extraction group, there was no significant variation in any of the parameters analysed. Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in the middle airway space, while no significant variation in the upper, lower airway, and vertical airway length in non-extraction cases after the orthodontic treatment. None of the airway parameters and adjacent soft tissues showed any significant variation post-orthodontic treatment in extraction cases.

Comparative evaluation of smile attractiveness in various orthodontic treatment modalities- A cross-sectional study

Background: Smile plays a significant role in facial attractiveness and social interactions. The present study aimed to evaluate the smile attractiveness in subjects treated with extraction or non-extraction orthodontic treatment modality. Materials and Methods: Frontal smiling photographs of 100 orthodontically treated subjects with an age range of 16-25 years were taken and divided into two groups each having 50 subjects. Group I (ANB 0° to 4° ) was subdivided into cases treated with extraction (group la) and without extraction (group lb). Similarly, Group II (ANB &gt; 4°) was subdivided into cases treated with extraction (group lla) and without extraction (group lib). Smile esthetics and esthetic scores were assessed on frontal smile photographs by using different smile variables objectively and with the help of raters (10 laypersons,10 dental graduates, and 10 orthodontists) subjectively. Results: In extraction cases, the esthetic scores of dental practitioners and orthodontists were higher than in cases of non-extraction. Between extraction and non-extraction cases, laypeople had no esthetic preference. In Skeletal class I, smile variables such as the arch form index, smile arc and maxillary incisor show had a higher value in extraction cases however, the buccal corridor was more in non-extraction cases. In Skeletal Class II, smile variables such as the maxillary incisor show and arch form index were more in extraction cases and exposure of mandibular teeth was more in non-extraction cases. Judgement given by the raters was mainly based on maxillary incisor show, number of teeth displayed, and buccal corridor ratio. In orthodontic patients treated with and without the extraction, statistically non-significant variations in smile esthetics and esthetic scores were found. Conclusion: Thus, a decision regarding the extraction of teeth in orthodontic patients should not be solely based on smile esthetics but other factors which determine extraction should be considered.

Quantification and visualization of the tooth extraction effects on face with spatially dense geometric morphometrics.

To apply geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistics to evaluate changes of the face for female Chinese patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with different type of anchorage control. Forty-six adult female patients were enrolled including 33 four first premolar extraction cases (17 patients with mini-implants for maximum anchorage control and 16 patients without mini-implants) and 13 non-extraction cases with minimum treatment duration of 15 months. Spatially dense correspondence was established among all the images The pre-and post-treatment average faces of the two extraction groups and the non-extraction group were generated. Partial least squares regression was used to test the statistical significance of the effects of treatment for different anchorage choice. The upper and lower lips were retruded significantly after treatment in the extraction groups. In the maximum anchorage control group, the temple and cheek were depressed by approximately 1 mm, and the zygomatic regions were increased in the mid-face. However, these changes were not statistically significant. In comparison, no statistically significant facial changes occurred in the non-extraction group. The anchorage choice and the removal of four first premolar extraction influence lip shape as well as the perioral regions. However, extraction treatment does not impact the appearance of the cheeks and temples on a statistically level, as compared to orthodontic treatment without premolar extractions. Spatially dense geometric morphometric facilitates comprehensive treatment effect quantification and visualization on the full facial changes for improving orthodontic outcome evaluation.

Orthodontic retention protocols—A survey among Indian practitioners

The study was to identify the different types of retainers that are commonly used and to investigate the variations in retention practices among orthodontists in India. A web-based survey study and was conducted in Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics. This survey was conducted for a period of 10 months and included orthodontists practicing in India. The questionnaire comprised of 53 questions which were divided in seven parts containing multiple choice questions, tabular and free response questions. These seven parts gathered information about socio-demographic status of the respondent, selection of retention system, removable and fixed retainer choices, duration and supervision of retention period and instruction given to patients. Dual retention, fixed retainers with vacuum formed retainers was the common type of retention in both arches with extraction largely influencing the choice of retainer. The bonded wire from canine to canine is the most frequent fixed retainer in non-extraction cases and from premolar to premolar is most frequent retainer in extraction cases. Frenectomy and supracrestal fibrotomy is used as adjuvant applications for retention. retentionfixed retainerforfor A trend towards frequent use of vacuum formed retainer by young orthodontists compared to removable acrylic retainer is seen with dual retention being most commonly used.

Treatment of anterior open bites using non-extraction clear aligner therapy in adult patients.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and mechanism of clear aligner therapy for the correction of anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases.MethodsSixty-nine adult patients with anterior open bite were enrolled and classified into Angle’s Class I, II, and III groups. Fifty patients presented with skeletal open bite (mandibular plane angle [MPA] ≥ 38°), whereas 19 presented with dental open bite. Fifteen cephalometric landmarks were identified before (T1) and after (T2) treatment. The magnitudes of planned and actual movements of the incisors and molars were calculated.ResultsPositive overbite was achieved in 94% patients, with a mean final overbite of 1.1 ± 0.8 mm. The mean change in overbite was 3.3 ± 1.4 mm. With clear aligners alone, 0.36 ± 0.58 mm of maxillary molar intrusion was achieved. Compared with the Class I group, the Class II group showed greater maxillary molar intrusion and MPA reduction. The Class III group showed greater mandibular incisor extrusion with no significant vertical skeletal changes.ConclusionsClear aligners can be effective in controlling the vertical dimension and correcting mild to moderate anterior open bite in adult nonextraction cases. The treatment mechanism for Class III patients significantly differed from that for Class I and Class II patients. Maxillary incisor extrusion in patients with dental open bite and MPA reduction with mandibular incisor extrusion in patients with skeletal open bite are the most significant contributing factors for open bite closure.

Clinical retrospective study on the digital data of orthodontic cases by Andrews six elements.

Andrews six elements was used to explore the possible influences of gender, extraction/non-extraction, and different bracket types on the evaluation of orthodontic treatment outcome. Digital data from 320 selected orthodontic cases in Kunming Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital during the period of 2016-2020 were divided into groups in accordance with gender, tooth extraction, and type of orthodontic brackets (DamonQ self-ligating brackets and MBT brackets). Measurement was performed using Andrews six elements as standard. The mean and standard deviation of each individual score and total score for different groups were calculated and statistically tested. The differences in total scores between female and male cases exhibited no statistical significance (P>0.05). By contrast, the scores in skeletal width change of the maxilla between extraction cases and non-extraction cases presented statistical significance (P<0.05). Moreover, the scores in the anteroposterior change in the position of the maxillary incisors, the bucco-lingual border change of the mandibular arch, and the skeletal width change of the maxilla between the DamonQ self-ligating bracket and MBT bracket cases presented statistical significance (P<0.05). The cases with DamonQ self-ligating brackets had significantly lower scores than the cases with MBT brackets in the bucco-lingual border change of the mandibular arch, the skeletal width change of the maxilla, and the anteroposterior change in position of the maxillary incisors. Digital 3D models can be used in the clinical retrospective studies of patients after orthodontic treatment. These models can be measured repeatedly and have clinical application value. For cases with incomplete orthodontic treatment, the control of the anteroposterior position of the incisor and the width of the arch of the upper tooth is crucial. Total treatment efficiency between female and male cases exhibited no difference, but the skeletal width change of the maxilla between extraction and non-extraction cases may exert an effect on cases with complete orthodontic treatment. The group that used DamonQ self-ligating brackets may achieve good adjustment of the bucco-lingual border change of the arch.