Non-direct Method Research Articles

Calcium alginate-encapsulated propolis microcapsules: Optimization, characterization, and preservation effects on postharvest sweet cherry

The increasing consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has led to the development of eco-friendly and active preservation materials which have slow-release effect of antioxidant/antifungal agents. The propolis microcapsules (PM), utilizing calcium alginate as the wall material, incorporating ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) as the core material, were prepared by ionic gelation method and conducted a investigation of its characteristics After optimization by single factor experiment and theoretical response models, PM which was prepared by dropping 9.3 g L−1 100 mL sodium alginate solution containing 9.8 mL EEP into 0.22 mol L−1 calcium chloride solution showed an encapsulation efficiency of 69.29±1.12 %. Prepared microcapsules were spherical with a dense surface which protected propolis well from the environment, retained a large number of bio-active compounds and improve thermal stability of propolis. Moreover, the microcapsules exhibited good slow-release effect and good inhibitory influence on the development of Alternaria Alternata growth which the colony diameter of the control was 41.38 % higher than the treatment at day six. With 5.0 g PM placed in the small non-woven bag in the application on sweet cherries with non-direct contact method, the decay rate and weight loss of fruits were reduced by 47.5 % and 17.6 %, concurrently the PM also effectively maintain the good appearance, hardness, antioxidant capacity by slowing the reduction in the content of total phenols, flavonoids and enzymatic activities. Therefore, the PM with superior antioxidant and antifungal capacity have the great potential to design as a practical active materials for fruits preservation.

Therapeutic Effects of Folklore Herbs in Arsha Roga - A Survey Study

In the month of September 2023, a field survey on the flora of the Randhawa Masanda village which is located in the Jalandhar district of Punjab state, was carried out. It was helpful to identify and gather information through field surveys and other non-direct methods, such as a thorough analysis of the literature on folklore species of medicinal plants found in Ayurvedic classical texts of different periods, by maintaining continuous direct communication with the health staff and inhabitants. Once the names of the folklore medicinal plants were recorded, extensive literature reviews finalized the botanical identification, part used, mode of preparation of herbal medication and their use in a particular disease i.e. arsha roga with which patients vising local health clinics. These traditional plant species boost the country's economy.

A Psycho-Social Exploration of Cross-Border Mobilities. A Mixed-Method among Franco-Luxembourgish Commuters

The application of the psycho-social paradigm of social representations in geographical studies is rather recent. However, this approach is considered to complement the work conducted in social geography where non-directive interview methods are often used. The main hypothesis of this paper is that mobility practice is not only influenced by the accessibility to transport infrastructures, but also structured by social representations about mobility, housing, and job. Based on a corpus of semi-structured interviews with 69 Franco-Luxembourgish cross-border commuters, the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is employed to explore relations between different types of social representations and mobility practice. This mixed method allows to integrate both quantitative statistical data and qualitative discursive data. It is concluded that social representations can be envisaged as a theoretical approach to understanding mobility practice, and that the daily mobility practice is socially structured depending on various social representations of individuals which are also shaped by their social positions or social trajectories. Challenges related to the use of mixed methods in the research are also addressed in the methodological discussion.

Directive and non-directive methods of social work in the territorial community

Directive and non-directive methods of social work in the territorial community

Insights into the stable preferred growth direction of rods in the colony of Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) eutectics

The Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) eutectics were prepared by the melt-grown and seeding melt-grown methods, two non-directional solidification methods. We identify the three-dimensional morphology and crystallographic orientations of the Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) eutectics using the focused ion beam milling with electron backscattered diffraction and the transmission electron microscopy. The results show that in the colony, there are three parts of the ZrO2 (Y2O3) phase composed of interconnected three-level rods. The crystallographic orientation of the colony axis is variable, but the growth directions of the rods show a commonality, <2̅ 0 2 1>A, in the Al2O3/ ZrO2 (Y2O3) eutectics, which has been also clarified by the interface structure analysis. The analysis of the preferred growth orientation not only enlightens the growth mechanism of Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) eutectics but also provides a method for the design of novel eutectics.

Role of behavioural abstraction (vs concrete) levels in accepting health technologies

Purpose While attempting to persuade surgeons to accept their health technology, sales representatives for medical devices face daily challenges in the operating room. Surgeons exhibit cognitive complexity (abstractness vs. concreteness) when accepting any form of health technology. Surgeons choose technologies on behalf of their patients, taking patient priorities and expectations into account. Prior research has focused on cognitive complexity in the context of health technology adoption, but the issue of technology acceptance has not been addressed. The purpose of this study to use the construal level (CL) theory to determine the role of behavioural abstraction levels in the acceptance of surgical health technology. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of 556 min of seminar-based data and semi-directive interviews, the surgeons’ experiences regarding the acceptance of health technology were analysed. A non-directive observational method was used to permit the spontaneous emergence of CL dimensions in a natural environment. A categorization model was used for data coding, and MAXQDA, in addition to traditional multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis, was used to generate results with joint displays. Findings Effort expectancy, learning curve, performance risk, habit, patient clinical condition, clinical outcome expectancy, technology setting and social influence were construed at a low construal level (LCL). On the other hand, patient paying capacity, technology cost, price value, financial risk and patient performance expectation were construed at a high construal level (HCL). The study also reveals duality-based factors which showed proximity to HCL but intersected at LCL, and vice versa. Duality-based factors such as effort expectancy, surgical technique, trust and perceived risk intersected at HCL, whereas performance expectancy, relative advantage, time expectancy, perceived value, physical risk and peer group influence intersected at LCL. Originality/value This is one of the early studies that presented the impact of behavioural abstraction on behavioural intention to accept health technology for surgeries.

Core-shell design for nanocellulosic aerogels by bioinspired spider web-like structure

Inspired by the ultra-lightweight and strong cross-linked spider web, a core–shell design is proposed for fabricating isotropic polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) rigid-reinforced nanofibers (polypyrrole-coated bacterial cellulose (PPy@BC) and bacterial cellulose (BC)) aerogels via non-directional freeze-drying. As-developed aerogels (PMPBB aerogels) exhibit isotropic properties of compressibility and recoverability, hydrophobicity, low thermal conductivity, and electric conductivity. Benefiting from above characteristics, PMPBB aerogels possess remarkable capacities of oil/organic solvent–water separation, self-cleaning, thermal insulation, and real-time monitoring of human motion signals. The combination of core–shell design with non-directional freeze-drying method offers a valuable reference for seeking innovative methods to develop other advanced aerogels.

Porous mullite fiber-based ceramics inspired by biomimetic natural pine wood

How to further improve the strength of fiber porous ceramics has always been the focus of researchers. Herein, inspired by the unique microstructure of natural woods which exhibit excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties, a high strength mullite fiber-based porous ceramic with wood-like microstructure was successfully designed and fabricated. The wood-like porous ceramics were mainly composed of two kinds of layered structures that are perpendicular to each other. The horizontally oriented lamellar structure was constructed by assembling the fiber membranes layer by layer, and the vertically oriented lamellar structure perpendicular to the fiber layer was constructed by the directional freeze casting method. The results indicated that as to the mullite fiber-based porous ceramics with the similar density (∼0.36 g/cm3), the compressive strength along the X-axis direction of porous ceramics with wood-like microstructure prepared by the directional freeze casting method (3.4 MPa) was much higher than that of porous ceramics prepared by the non-directional freeze casting method (1.04 MPa), owing to the formation of silica lamellar structure perpendicular to the fiber layers. In addition, the wood-like mullite fiber-based porous ceramics also exhibited excellent thermal insulation performance along the X direction due to existence of a large number of pores in the fiber layers. This study provides a new strategy for the preparation of a high-strength thermal insulating fiber-based porous ceramic.

Atrial fibrillation and sympatho-vagal imbalance: from the choice of the antiarrhythmic treatment to patients with syncope and ganglionated plexi ablation.

For several years, the autonomic nervous system has played a central role in the pathophysiological mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF), so much so that it has been considered one of the cornerstones of Coumel's triangle. The clinical and therapeutic management of AF secondary to sympatho-vagal imbalance represents one of the most important examples of how precision medicine should be applied. Increasing knowledge of this kind of arrhythmias has made it possible to select specific antiarrhythmic drugs and to diversify their use according to vagal or adrenergic AF forms. Ablative strategies, such as cardioneuroablation and non-direct cardiac neuromodulation methods (such as renal denervation and peripheral vagal stimulation), have gradually emerged. In the possibly near future, there will be a development of new acquisitions regarding new pharmacological therapeutic strategies and gene therapy. Finally, finding an AF in patients experiencing syncopal episodes opens a whole chapter regarding interesting, but also complex, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, ranging from neurally mediated forms to convulsive seizure that could also increase the risk of sudden death.

Art therapy, occupational and play therapy used as multidisciplinary tools for prevention and early recovery for children and adolescents at risk of developing mental health problems and juvenile deliverance

IntroductionThe new type of postmodern art can be interpreted from the point of view of self expression polarized between: art - art-therapy, ludic, occupational therapy - religion. The computer becomes the new medium after the impact of television, and by integrating computers into the network, their communication function has become more prevalent than that of data processing. Contemporary visual arts bring together, in different degrees of relationship and fusion, fields of art that until now were understood and practiced more individually. Multimedia and mixed media technology, which has evolved into meaningful visual representations, incorporates the science behind human perception and knowledge.Objectives The purpose of art in art-therapy, in this context, is not an exercise of the already acquired knowledge upon the artistic material, but a discovery of the yet unknown. Art-based therapies, as nondirective methods, attempt to visualize past traumatic experiences and harmonize the individual with himself and with others.Methods In the preventive activities, we include all activities involving nonverbal communication and holistic engagement of people in creative activities, specific to visual arts (plastic, decorative design, and multimedia).”Beneficiaries can create their own images with which they want to interact, to arrange their environment…We experiment with art-specific ways to make interdisciplinary exchanges and cultural interferences using the universal language of visual arts along with intercultural elements and religious ecumenism” . The child expresses various issues related to his feelings, like the search of his identity, the generated anxieties, the family and professional environment, the situations of neglect and abuse. For the same purpose, as a complement to activities in nature camps, where education/art therapy takes place in the artist’s studio, special care must be taken to create an evocative and stimulating work environment.Results We detect hidden capacities through the specific means of the visual arts with the aim of providing the freedom to follow one’s own destiny, encouraging the joy of creatively manifesting at multiple levels of difficulty in any activity. Harmonizing cultural differences develop self-esteem, tolerance, resilience, and necessary adaptation to the conditions of a multiethnic society.Image:ConclusionsThere is an equidistant trialogue and circular relations between art, religion, and science, without any specific supremacy. This can offer up from the start the possibility of a lasting harmonization, of information transfers and professional enhancements to support new developments, uplifting the human being through positive reorientations and beneficial recoveries.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Directional and Weighted Urban Network Analysis in the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle from the Perspective of New Media Information Flow

The study of the two-way information flow between cities is of great significance to promote regional coordinated development, but the current mainstream non-directional network analysis method cannot analyze it effectively. In this paper, the quantities of relevant media articles in WeChat and Weibo between cities are taken as the traffic indices to construct a directional and weighted urban network of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle in China. Based on this network construction method, which adds direction thinking, we analyze the characteristics of information interconnection between cities. According to the analysis, we find that the provincial boundary hinders information interconnection, and the imbalance of external information interconnection is more serious in Chongqing’s central urban area, Liangping, Ya’an and Mianyang. In addition, we analyze the centrality status of different cities in the outward and inward perspective and further explore the factors that cause these differences in centrality. The results show that the centrality of the information network is not sensitive to the basic strength of the city, and it is the accessibility, including high-speed rail transportation access and telecommunication access, which controls the centrality of the city network.

Improvement of mechanical property of joints for polypropylene through ultrasonic implant welding with non-direct contact method

In this paper, an innovative ultrasonic implant welding technology was proposed for the welding of polypropylene (PP) plates. Welding heat required for the interface was provided by rubbing between the metal implant and the horns to avoid damage of the base material. Ultrasonic implant welding of PP plates was conducted under different welding time (tw) in this research, while copper (Cu) mesh was selected as heat transfer implant. The micro morphology and mechanical property of joint were investigated by SEM and tensile test, which shown a strong correlation with tw. The mechanical property of joints increased from 2.8 to 7.6 MPa as tw increased from 3 to 10 s and the maximum joint strength reaches about 80% of the base materials. The evolution of heat distribution with tw was simulated using COMSOL.

Strātījiyyatu Ta’allumi al Lughati al ‘Arabiyyati li Tarqiyyati Qudrati Mahārati al Kitābati Laday al Talāmīżi bi Al Madrasati al ‘Āliyyati al Islāmiyyati al Ḥukūmiyyati bi Riyāwi

This research is a qualitative research with the type of case study, namely accurate research on community unity within a certain period of time. This unit is located at the Riau State Islamic High School. The research tools used were socialist observations, interviews, and documents. In order for the data in this study to be correct, the researcher carried out: continuous monitoring, triangulation, looking for various problems to confirm it, reviewing back to the source, discussing it with those who were qualified, and checking field notes. The results of this study include the application of Arabic learning strategies to improve students' writing skills at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Riau, meaning that teachers teach Arabic through sermons. The obstacles faced by teachers in implementing Arabic learning strategies to improve students' writing skills at Islamic Senior High School Pekanbaru Riau, among others: difficulty in Arabic grammar, difficulty in spelling Arabic. improve students' writing skills at Islamic Senior High School Pekanbaru Riau, among others as follows: Teachers use colored cards written in vocabulary to memorize, and teachers use pictures to tell stories in Arabic. Few of them understand the teaching of the Arabic language that the teacher gave in the class, especially for writing. The teacher has explained many times but they do not understand, and some of them grow when teaching the Arabic language because the teacher uses the non-directive method to promote the students' interest, and some of them joke when teaching Arabic because the Arabic language It is very difficult and that is why the teacher did not practice the exercises, and some of them get bored when teaching the Arabic language, and some of them did not graduate from the Islamic religious school and did not learn the Arabic language lesson before it, and if the teacher ordered them to write, they could not also.

Art therapy focused on stimulating the emotional and expressive skills of the atypical children

IntroductionThe role of the art therapist can be to identify the creative potential, to value it and to support social integration through art. Detecting and developing the outstanding and hidden abilities of the atypical child can lead to a normal behavior and to a better social integration.ObjectivesIncreasing self-esteem, through personal satisfaction, emotional development and the development of hidden and outstanding skills.MethodsStimulating the child through the environment, works as a non-directive method during the art therapy session. Work environments offer various possibilities of expression, he chooses the materials to which he shows an interest, developing his own technique over time.The child is encouraged during the art therapy sessions, by exhibiting the works and decorating the work environment.Through these non-directive methods, the evolution of visual thinking is accelerated. The chromatic diversification, the gestures in painting and the alternation of work techniques such as printing, graphic lines and dripping, are signs of a visual thinking. The child discovers the environment and interacts with it trough art.Observing the potential of the materials around him and also certains physical phenomena, such as a three-dimensional mask that allows the color to outline its volumes by draining it on the shape, the child uses consciously the properties of materials and the movement of the object.ResultsDiscovering artistic and decorative skills; Increased self-esteem; Interaction in the artistic environment and even verbal communication in cases of autism.ConclusionsThrough art, the child can get closer to the social life.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Hydrophilic Surface Treatment of Carbon Powder Using CO2 Plasma Activated Gas

Carbon powders exhibit electrical conductivity that causes the powders to agglomerate due to the applied electrostatic forces and discharges capacitance when used for surface treatments with plasma sources. To avoid this obstacle, a non-direct method is used with active gas that is generated through plasma. This active gas is in contact with the carbon powder so that the hydrophilic characteristics are formed. It is the carboxyl COO− functional group that causes hydrophilic improvement and it is shown to increase in the carbon surface after soft oxidation. The wettability of carbon powder gradually improves with more plasma treatment time. This is shown through a simple water dispersion test. Eventually, the dispersed aqueous solution gradually separates the powder, which either floats or sinks. The sample treated for 60 min is shown to continuously sustain dispersibility in water over a long period of time.

Hydrazide-assisted directional antibody conjugation of gold nanoparticles to enhance immunochromatographic assay

The analytical performance of immunochromatographic assay (ICA) is usually determined by the biological activity of antibody and gold nanoparticle conjugates (AuNP probes). However, conventional probes are constructed using the nondirectional coupling method that can cause the improper orientation of antibodies with the poor accessibility of antigen-binding sites. To address these issues, we report a site-specific directional coupling strategy to enhance the bioactivity of AuNP probes through the specific covalent binding of the aldehyde group in the Fc domain of antibodies with the hydrazide group modified on the surface of AuNPs. Through this design, the antibodies can be erected on the AuNP surface to fully expose the Fab domain and achieve the maximized functional availability. Leveraging these AuNP probes as ICA labels, we demonstrate an improved detection of the hepatitis B surface antigen with less used amount of labeled antibody (0.2 mg/pmol AuNPs), shorter reaction time (10 min), better antibody bioactivity, and higher detection sensitivity (2 ng/mL) compared with the carbodiimide method. Overall, this work provides great promise for the design and the construction of high-performance probes to enhance the detection performance of ICA sensors.

Objective and Subjective Perspectives on Implementation of a Violence Risk Screening Program in an Emergency Department.

The objective of this study was to use quantitative and qualitative data to gather information about emergency medicine and psychiatric provider perspectives regarding the evolution of a violence risk screening process including the simultaneous implementation of a universal suicide screening program. A retrospective review of violence risk screening data for 496 patient encounters over a 2-year period and across 4 phases of implementation and improvement was completed. Four focus groups were conducted with emergency medicine and psychiatric providers using nondirective facilitation methods to gather data regarding provider perspectives about violence and suicide risk screening. The focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content. Four of the 6 violence risk screening items were most strongly associated with high-risk stratification across all phases. There were no changes in proportions of positive responses for 3 of the items. The proportion of positive responses for the other items changed significantly after expert feedback and clarification of item wording. Only 3% of the focus group passages included discussion of the universal suicide screening program. The providers indicated that they believed the violence risk screening and suicide screening procedures helped improve clinical thoroughness and documentation. Ongoing feedback between providers and program developers was beneficial. The implementation of the universal suicide screening process was relatively seamless for these providers.

Forgiveness as a socio-psychological phenomenon

The article presents a detailed substantiation of topicality of studying the traditional pre-revolutionary and modern humanistic understanding of the socio-psychological phenomenon of “forgiveness”. The semantic, etymological, historical content of the process of formation of this concept is revealed. Moreover, important pedagogic aspects of its application in modern practice of spiritual and moral upbringing in Russian education are indicated. This article presents the results of an extensive analysis of religious, philosophical and scientific primary sources, revealing in different ways the semantic, pedagogical and psychological content of the concept of “forgivenessˮ in both Russian and foreign thinkers’ opinion. The author considers in detail the theoretical and practical aspects of the humanistic understanding of the phenomenon of “forgivenessˮ, she presented in the guidelines for the pedagogic programme of socio-emotional ethical education (SEEL).The article also analysed the differences in the understanding of “forgivenessˮ as a socio-psychological phenomenon in the works of Russian thinkers and Western scientists, who interpret this concept from different positions: altruistic and egocentric. The author points out that the moral upbringing of a person who can unselfishly forgive and love is possible only on condition of mastering real examples of such behaviour in a socially significant environment of the child. The author emphasises that the non-directive methods of modern upbringing, as a rule, do not contribute to the formation of the spiritual and moral sphere of the child's personality.

Implementing new digital options in education/ occupational/ play/ art therapy as tools for self-knowledge, self-managements, self-esteem

IntroductionThe purpose of art in art-therfic version of the “Regu the already acquired knowledge upon the artistic material, but a discovery of the yet unknown. “Multimedia technology, which has evolved into meaningful visual representations, incorporates the science behind human perception and knowledge…Contemporary visual arts bring together, in different degrees of relationship and fusion, fields of art that until now were understood and practiced more individually. The most suitable territory for this partnership is that of the physical and metaphysical environment, provided by the installationist and shareholder arts.” [1].ObjectivesArt-based therapies, as nondirective methods, attempt to visualize past traumatic experiences and harmonize the individual with himself and with others.MethodsIn the preventive activities we include all activities involving nonverbal communication and holistic engagement. ”Beneficiaries can create their own images with which they want to interact, to arrange their environment…We experiment with art-specific ways to make interdisciplinary exchanges and cultural interferences using the universal language of visual arts along with intercultural elements and religious ecumenism … Sometimes, common themes with schools and higher education are addressed as an extra-curricular complement. Benefits are multiple, diverse and complex, appear on the paths that offer inter/pluri/transcultural learning opportunities and exchange of knowledge, making space and time connections between different cultures. [2]ResultsThe creative process and the interaction increases self esteem, courage, taking of risks, the learning of new skills.ConclusionsNew ideas, conceptions and ways of expression emerge, enriching the patient’s life according with the therapeutic purposes. [3].DisclosureREFERENCES [1]. Drăgan-Chirilă, Diana.(24-26.05 2018), Associate Professor Ph.D., University of Art and Design, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, visual artist, Coordinator of the multimedia installation “Diagnostique” new media and

Implementing new digital options in education/ occupational/ play/ art therapy as tools for self-knowledge, self-managements, self-esteem

IntroductionThe purpose of art in art-therapy, in this context, is not an exercise of the already acquired knowledge upon the artistic material, but a discovery of the yet unknown. “Multimedia technology, which has evolved into meaningful visual representations, incorporates the science behind human perception and knowledge…Contemporary visual arts bring together, in different degrees of relationship and fusion, fields of art that until now were understood and practiced more individually. The most suitable territory for this partnership is that of the physical and metaphysical environment, provided by the installationist and shareholder arts.” [1].ObjectivesArt-based therapies, as nondirective methods, attempt to visualize past traumatic experiences and harmonize the individual with himself and with others.MethodsIn the preventive activities we include all activities involving nonverbal communication and holistic engagement. ”Beneficiaries can create their own images with which they want to interact, to arrange their environment…We experiment with art-specific ways to make interdisciplinary exchanges and cultural interferences using the universal language of visual arts along with intercultural elements and religious ecumenism … Sometimes, common themes with schools and higher education are addressed as an extra-curricular complement. Benefits are multiple, diverse and complex, appear on the paths that offer inter/pluri/transcultural learning opportunities and exchange of knowledge, making space and time connections between different cultures. [2]ResultsThe creative process and the interaction increases self esteem, courage, taking of risks, the learning of new skills.ConclusionsNew ideas, conceptions and ways of expression emerge, enriching the patient’s life according with the therapeutic purposes. [3].DisclosureREFERENCES [1] Chirila, Emilia (2011), PhD Thesis, Educaţie artistică şi art-terapie cu mijloace specifice ceramicii [Artistic Education and Art-therapy within the Specific Means of Ceramics], University of Art and Design, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, p. 390