Non-conventional Materials Research Articles

3d printing applied to building development around the world: a systematic literature review

The construction industry is undergoing a transformation towards automation, and 3D printing is at the forefront of this revolution. However, to optimise 3D printing in construction, it is crucial to consider the printer’s scale, the printing material’s rheological properties, and the printed structure’s mechanical properties. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art in this field, including the promising technologies, such as D-Shape and Contour Crafting, used in building applications. The paper also compares the use in 3D printing of conventional materials, like concrete, with non-conventional earth-based materials, such as sand, clay, and mud, or combinations with cementing materials. This review highlights the need for more research on alternative materials to concrete, particularly in developed countries. Nevertheless, earth-based materials offer significant potential for 3D printing in developing countries, where they are readily available. However, further research is necessary to improve the mechanical properties of 3D-printed elements, particularly for large-scale structures, to ensure their reliability and safety, making 3D printing a mainstream building method.

Efficient and White-Light-Like Emission from Nonconventional Luminescent Materials in Solution States

Efficient and White-Light-Like Emission from Nonconventional Luminescent Materials in Solution States

Innovative Adsorbents for Pollutant Removal: Exploring the Latest Research and Applications.

The growing presence of diverse pollutants, including heavy metals, organic compounds, pharmaceuticals, and emerging contaminants, poses significant environmental and health risks. Traditional methods for pollutant removal often face limitations in efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in innovative adsorbents designed to address these challenges. It explores a wide array of non-conventional adsorbent materials, such as nanocellulose, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene-based composites, and biochar, emphasizing their sources, structural characteristics, and unique adsorption mechanisms. The review discusses adsorption processes, including the basic principles, kinetics, isotherms, and the factors influencing adsorption efficiency. It highlights the superior performance of these materials in removing specific pollutants across various environmental settings. The practical applications of these adsorbents are further explored through case studies in industrial settings, pilot studies, and field trials, showcasing their real-world effectiveness. Additionally, the review critically examines the economic considerations, technical challenges, and environmental impacts associated with these adsorbents, offering a balanced perspective on their viability and sustainability. The conclusion emphasizes future research directions, focusing on the development of scalable production methods, enhanced material stability, and sustainable regeneration techniques. This comprehensive assessment underscores the transformative potential of innovative adsorbents in pollutant remediation and their critical role in advancing environmental protection.

Use of non-conventional raw materials in the production of gluten-free pasta – a review

Currently, about 5% of the earth's population suffers from gluten-related disorders. Modern technologies for gluten-free diets and filling the protein deficit are aimed at manufacturing gluten-free (GF) pasta products using non-conventional plant raw materials with high biological value. GF grains and crops (rice, corn, buckwheat, amaranth, quinoa, etc.) are used to produce GF pasta products. However, there is a scarcity of studies that comprehensively understand GF flour addition on the nutritive, sensory and cooking properties. Therefore, the scope of this literature review covers the main types of non-conventional raw materials for GF pasta products and summarizes the research on pasta products made from them. Results indicate that the rheological and sensory attributes of pasta made from pure GF flours such as rice or corn still requires a deeper study of technological processes in producing GF pasta. Incorporating nutrient-dense ingredients such as amaranth, quinoa, sorghum, and chia flours not only enhances the nutritional profile of gluten-free pasta but also offers opportunities for diverse culinary applications. The improvement of sensory attributes in rice-, corn-, buckwheat-based pasta, coupled with the effective use of cooking enhancers like xanthan gum, transglutaminases, inulin, and alternative starches, paves the way for creating more palatable gluten-free options. As techniques such as high-temperature treatment, extrusion cooking, and starch pregelatinization become more refined, future developments may focus on optimizing these processes to further improve the texture, taste, and overall quality of gluten-free pasta. Continued research and innovation in ingredient selection and processing technologies will be crucial for meeting the growing demand for gluten-free products that do not compromise on culinary experience or nutritional value.

Exploring the potential of sugarcane bagasse ash as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material: Experimental investigation and statistical analysis

Exploring nonconventional cementitious materials is vital for enhancing material performance, reducing construction industry's environmental footprint, and promoting sustainable resource management. This study investigated the potential of minimally processed sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a supplementary cementitious material in mortar mixes, examining its effects on compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, density, water absorption, and microstructure. Notably, the SCBA used in this study was processed with minimal energy input, involving only sun drying, coarse sieving through a 150-μm mesh, and gentle oven drying to remove residual moisture. In this view, seven cementitious mixes were prepared, comprising a control mix and six mixes with SCBA replacement levels ranging from 5 % to 30 % by weight of binder (Cement + SCBA). Initially, the 7-day compressive strength decreased with increasing SCBA replacement, whereas 28-day strength increased for mixes containing 5–15 wt% SCBA, with a maximum 12.67 % increase at 5 wt% replacement, and all mixes up to 15 wt% SCBA met ASTM C270 specifications. Up to 5 wt% SCBA substitution enhanced both ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and density, but further additions led to decreased UPV and density values due to the formation of a porous microstructure resulting from increased SCBA content. However, despite this decrease, mortars containing up to 15 wt% SCBA achieved UPV values surpassing the literature-defined thresholds for good (3500 m/s) and excellent (3800 m/s) quality cement mortar at 28 days, indicating yet a well-packed microstructure. The incorporation of upto 15 wt% SCBA resulted in reduced water absorption at 28 days, meeting the requirements of ASTM C62. A quadratic regression model was employed to investigate the relationship between SCBA content and mortar properties, including compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, density, and water absorption. The analysis revealed a statistically significant fit (p < 0.05) with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.90), indicating a strong relationship between SCBA content and mortar properties. Microstructural evaluation confirmed beneficial effects of SCBA incorporation on mortar morphology, within moderate dosage ranges (up to 15–20 wt% SCBA). The study highlights the potential of using energy-efficient SCBA as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material to improve mortar mix performance and contribute to the development of environmentally friendly cementitious materials.

Exploring inhibiting factors to affordable housing provision in Lagos metropolitan city, Nigeria

Different inhibiting factors have affected the need for affordable housing provisions to keep pace with the increase in urbanisation and population growth, leading to the non-availability of desirable, affordable housing goals for low-income earners. Unfortunately, these inhibiting factors continue to create challenges that affect affordable housing development for low-income earners. Hence, this study examines the inhibiting factors affecting affordable housing provisions using Lagos metropolitan city, Nigeria, as a case study exemplar. A quantitative research design was employed, using the survey to collect data from the target populations of low-income earners in Lagos, Nigeria, through a purposive sampling technique with a high response rate of 75.3%. Descriptive and exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the retrieved data and Cronbach’s alpha test to determine data reliability and interrelatedness. Thirty-seven identified inhibiting factors of affordable housing provisions were clustered into seven components: problems with affordable land and security of tenure; socioeconomic constraints; problems with conventional materials and technologies; unpredictable internal factors; absence of innovative framework and supply chain; absent of community collaboration and external economic factors; and urbanisation factors. The implications of the study findings provide a better understanding of land tenureship, improved social inclusion, community-based stakeholder collaboration, standardisation of indigenous construction materials and technologies utilisation, and housing policy reforms to alleviate the shortage of affordable housing delivery in metropolitan cities. The study recommends successful implementations of affordable housing provisions hinged on an innovative housing framework and affordable supply chain through design, standardisation of non-conventional materials and technologies utilisation and social inclusion. The study’s conclusion gives housing stakeholders, realtors, policymakers, and government agencies the ability to understand and implement strategies to overcome socioeconomic constraints, land security of tenure, and urbanisation factors to predict and improve affordable housing demand and supply in metropolitan cities.

Preparation, physicochemical analyses, and comparative evaluation studies of deep eutectic solvents (DES) from non-conventional precursor materials applied as catalytic curing agents for epoxy resin

Curing agents for epoxy resins play a significant role in initiating crosslinking reactions resulting in the hardened and durable material with enhanced properties as per end-user applications. The industrial world still lacks efficient, environmentally friendly, and cheap curing agents for epoxy resins. Here, we report the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on N, N’-Bis(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (commonly known as triethylenetetramine, TETA) as hydrogen bond donor (HBD), and salicylic acid (SA) and choline chloride (CC) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). The formulated DESs are suggested to be relatively safe, affordable, and eco-friendly and the active groups in the DESs are capable of initiating crosslinking reactions. The physical stability of the formulated deep eutectic solvents was examined by polarizing optical microscopic (POM) analysis, which confirmed the absence of any crystals or residues. The purity was ensured by 13C nmr spectroscopy. Additionally, supportive evidence for the hydrogen bond formation between the constituents was gained from the outcomes of FTIR, 1H nmr, and mass spectrometry. Deep depression in melting points was confirmed from DSC studies, and TGA suggested better thermal stability for DESs than its constituents. Density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP6-31G* of Gaussian computational framework was applied to energetically optimize the isolated structure and determine the bond lengths in angstroms. The structural characteristics and nonbonding interactions of DESs were investigated by the same. In addition, the density and rheological characteristics were assessed for the ideal utilization of the formulated DESs as epoxy resin curing agents. The detailed comparative studies demonstrated the advantages of deep eutectic solvents over conventional curing agents. The efficacy of the formulations as a curing agent was primarily confirmed from FTIR analysis and the curing behavior was investigated by DSC studies.

Exploring Materials for Constructing Fancy Dress Masquerade Costumes in Winneba, Ghana (1958-2020)

The representation of Fancy Dress masquerades in Ghana, particularly in Winneba, has been revered as part of the country’s popular culture. Fancy Dress masquerade performances, which originated in coastal towns of Ghana during the 18th century under the aegis of colonialism, are currently seen in popular parades and club competitions. Undoubtedly, the utilisation of costumes forms the cornerstone of Fancy Dress masquerading. Although Fancy Dress masquerade costumes add to the depth and breadth of the performance, little empirical study exists on the materials used to construct costumes for this performance. In this study, we explore materials used to construct Fancy Dress masquerade costumes in Winneba, Ghana, from 1958 to 2020. Using a qualitative approach, multiple instruments, and engaging thematic and document analytical frames to analyse the data, the findings of the study revealed the use of fabrics; leather and jute bags. The rest were foam; agricultural products; paper, strawboards and used packaging boxes; net, fibre and plastic sachets to construct costumes such as ‘cowboy’, ‘tigers’ and ‘hunters’. With a treasure trove of materials, fabrics were chiefly used due to their unique physical properties. On the heels of the finding, we recommend that practitioners explore non-conventional and sustainable materials to maintain ecological sustainability. Ultimately, the study advances the understanding of masquerade costumes by addressing gaps in the literature and providing new perspectives.

A Comprehensive Review of Fingerprint Development : Exploring Unconventional Powder-Based Techniques

Fingerprint development remains a crucial aspect of forensic science, aiding in the identification and resolution of criminal cases. This review paper systematically explores the efficacy and potential of various unconventional and natural substances in fingerprint development. Focusing on an array of substances such as turmeric powder, Fuller's clay powder (Multani Mitti), food color, Holi color, durian seeds powder, soil powder, talcum powder, traditional powders, pooja materials, corn seed powder, silica gel G, broccoli powder, medicine powder, salt, sugar powder, and brick powder, this paper discusses their applicability, advantages, limitations, and comparative effectiveness in developing latent fingerprints. The review encompasses studies and experiments conducted to assess the suitability of these substances for fingerprint development across different surfaces and environmental conditions. Additionally, this article examines the environmental and cost-effective benefits of using natural and non-conventional materials in forensic investigations and their sustainability and availability compared to traditional chemical reagents.

Acoustic velocity and stability of tissue-mimicking echogenic materials for ultrasound training phantoms

Purpose. High-fidelity mannequins are increasingly used to train the medical staff on many medical procedures. Lately, a new challenge regarding echogenic materials to build ultrasound-responding phantoms has emerged. The challenge is to find materials with a suitable combination of ultrasound velocity and consistency to the touch. Methods. Bibliographic research was performed to identify materials with promising stiffness, shape retention, and ultrasound velocity combinations. As-standardized-as-possible specimens were realized and tested using an A-mode ultrasound machine to evaluate the US velocity through them. Four differently doped silicones, five gelatin-based materials, five synthetic gelatins, and a 3D printable resin were included in the study. After being tested, the materials were monitored for 12 days to assess their durability and shape retention and tested again to evaluate the ultrasound velocity’s stability. In the paper, the results of the characterization and follow-up of the materials are presented. Results. Outcomes show that gelatins are exceptional soft tissue-mimicking materials in terms of ultrasound velocity and consistency to the touch, but are poor in terms of overtime stability and therefore suitable for disposable short-term phantoms only. Doped silicones present lower ultrasound velocity compared to the reference value of 1540 m/s found in the literature, but excellent overtime stability, and shape retention properties. Values close to biological ones were also given by the Elastic 50A and by polyvinyl chloride plastisol. Conclusion. The paper gives a quantitative overview of the fidelity of both already-in-use and non-conventional materials, focusing on the ultrasound velocity value through them and their longevity in terms of macroscopically observed dehydration, shape retention, and bacterial onset.

Alternative materials in civil construction: a comparison between the use of conventional and recyclable materials, bricks and concrete for sustainable constructions

Civil construction causes environmental impact, as it consumes natural resources and generates a large amount of solid waste, raising concerns about the survival of future populations. Therefore, there has been a search for sustainable materials, to add non-conventional materials to the mass that forms bricks, blocks, pavements or make up walls in mud constructions, saving cement, sand, lime and stone. This work aims to present the aggregates that have already been experimented, tested, and that can compose the raw material with less disastrous results to the environment. A review was made in the literature, where articles, monographs, dissertations that address the subject were found. From them, a collection of the viability, opportunity and positivity of the use of aggregates was made, bringing a comparative result. The research can be useful as a basic element to guide those who intend to apply such materials, as well as to trigger and subsidize new studies, with new tests and experiments, both of these materials presented, and others that may still arise.

Optimizing Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from Mechanical Vibration for Electrical Efficiency: A Comprehensive Review

In the current era, energy resources from the environment via piezoelectric materials are not only used for self-powered electronic devices, but also play a significant role in creating a pleasant living environment. Piezoelectric materials have the potential to produce energy from micro to milliwatts of power depending on the ambient conditions. The energy obtained from these materials is used for powering small electronic devices such as sensors, health monitoring devices, and various smart electronic gadgets like watches, personal computers, and cameras. These reviews explain the comprehensive concepts related to piezoelectric (classical and non-classical) materials, energy harvesting from the mechanical vibration of piezoelectric materials, structural modelling, and their optimization. Non-conventional smart materials, such as polyceramics, polymers, or composite piezoelectric materials, stand out due to their slender actuator and sensor profiles, offering superior performance, flexibility, and reliability at competitive costs despite their susceptibility to performance fluctuations caused by temperature variations. Accurate modeling and performance optimization, employing analytical, numerical, and experimental methodologies are imperative. This review also furthers research and development in optimizing piezoelectric energy utilization, suggesting the need for continued experimentation to select optimal materials and structures for various energy applications.

К оценке опасности выщелачивания некондиционного сырья в кучах

The issues of identification of environmental hazards when implementing the concept of the involvement of poor metal-containing raw materials and tailings from ore processing through the application of a new leaching technology with a detailed version of heap leaching on the earth have been considered. The methodology of identification of the environmental consequences of the implementation of the technology of deep processing of non-conventional mineral raw materials considering the impact of mineral waste on the environment of the field development region has been formulated. An environmental component of the complex ecological and economic effect comprised of the consistently implemented stages of the existence of the enterprise has been considered. The main factors of negative environmental impact received a quantitative assessment; the territories adjacent to the enterprise have been ranked by the degree of the anthropogenic impact. The options to determine the extent of damage caused by the contamination of ecosystems with heavy metals have been proposed. Models to determine the environmental damage caused by industrial effluents as the main transporting medium and the efficiency of utilization of substandard raw materials based on the profit criterion have been formulated. The mechanism of removal of reagents and solutions to the environment by airflows has been specified. An approximate calculation of parameters of the environmental contamination for ore leaching of ore raw materials in the Sadonskoye deposit has been provided. It has been demonstrated that the chemical contamination of soils is prioritized when determining the environmental hazard and the hazard for the enterprise employees. It has been proved that the combined ecological and economic model of assessment of the efficiency of utilization of substandard raw materials joins ecological and economic aspects within a single natural and anthropogenic system, whereas the ecological and economic efficiency of production is a function of integrating methods of field development, including the application of a safety criterion for ecosystems of the environment. The study results can be used for the adjustment to the legislation on mining in the Russian Federation.

Evaluation of saturation in cemented slags with P-wave velocities

The application of the circular economy concept to construction engineering and to transportation geotechnics, brings several challenges associated to the use of non-conventional artificial materials. Steel slags can replace natural raw materials, but a thorough mechanical characterisation is needed to assure an adequate behaviour and quality control parameters. The focus of this paper is a mixture of two types of steel slags (a reducing slag and an oxidizing slag) from electric arc furnace steel production. The mixture has cementing properties, mainly due to the reducing slag, being stable in water after compaction. Due to its high stiffness and reduced permeability, the evaluation of the degree of saturation of the mixture using the conventional Skempton parameter B is not very reliable. In this work, P wave velocity measurements in specimens with different cementation levels (given by amount of reducing slag and curing time) and soaked conditions (before and after submersion) were compared. In addition, the elastic shear stiffness evolution with time obtained by S wave velocity measurements demonstrated a clear increase in stiffness with curing time especially in soaked specimens. The aim of the paper is thus to discuss the advantage of P waves to identify full saturation in stiff specimens that harden with time and water. It was found that it is very difficult to evaluate the degree of saturation of a highly cemented specimen, either with the B value or with the P-wave velocities. However, the usual mechanical evaluation by triaxial compression tests is still valid provided that suction is low.

Terahertz Metamaterials for Biosensing Applications: A Review.

In recent decades, THz metamaterials have emerged as a promising technology for biosensing by extracting useful information (composition, structure and dynamics) of biological samples from the interaction between the THz wave and the biological samples. Advantages of biosensing with THz metamaterials include label-free and non-invasive detection with high sensitivity. In this review, we first summarize different THz sensing principles modulated by the metamaterial for bio-analyte detection. Then, we compare various resonance modes induced in the THz range for biosensing enhancement. In addition, non-conventional materials used in the THz metamaterial to improve the biosensing performance are evaluated. We categorize and review different types of bio-analyte detection using THz metamaterials. Finally, we discuss the future perspective of THz metamaterial in biosensing.

Effect of Eu3+ ions concentration on visible red luminescence and radiative shielding properties of SrO–Al2O3– BaCl2–B2O3– TeO2 glasses

Trivalent europium (Eu3+) ions doped 10SrO-(10-x)Al2O3–10BaCl2–60B2O3–10TeO2 glasses were fabricated by the melt-and-quenching technique and characterized for excitation, absorption, emission, decay methods to analyze the suitability of the glasses for photonic device applications. In addition, gamma attenuation data of the prepared glasses were Obtained for energies 15 keV ≤ E ≤ 10 MeV using FLUKA and XCOM methods to check their suitability for radiative shielding purposes. Direct allowed, indirect allowed band gaps and Urbach energies were estimated from absorption spectra. Emission spectra obtained for an excitation wavelength of 362 nm have been used to estimate J-O intensity parameters Ωλ (where λ = 2, 4). The intensity parameters Ω2 and Ω4 were again used to evaluate various radiative properties for the emission transition 5D0→7F2 of Eu3+ ions doped OCBT glasses. Decay curves were well fitted by single exponential and in turn used to estimate experimental lifetime (τexp) of metastable state (5D0) of Eu3+ions. The analysis on radiative properties showed that 2.5 mol % of Eu3+ ions activated OCBT glasses for the emission transition 5D0→7F2 is well suitable for visible red lasers and display applications. Analysis of evaluated interaction parameters for gamma radiation fast and thermal neutrons showed clear cut dependence on the Eu2O3 content of the glasses. In addition, the radiation absorption ability of the glasses was compared with different classes of concrete, commercial glass shields, and nonconventional shielding materials. The present glasses showed great potential for deployment in radiation absorption roles in nuclear technologies.

Nonconventional aggregation‐induced emission polysiloxanes: Structures, characteristics, and applications

AbstractNonconventional luminescent materials have been rising stars in organic luminophores due to their intrinsic characteristics, including water‐solubility, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness and have shown potential applications in diverse fields. As an indispensable branch of nonconventional luminescent materials, polysiloxanes, which consist of electron‐rich auxochromic groups, have exhibited outstanding photophysical properties due to the unique silicon atoms. The flexible Si‐O bonds benefit the aggregation, and the empty 3d orbitals of Si atoms can generate coordination bonds including N → Si and O → Si, altering the electron delocalization of the material and improving the luminescent purity. Herein, we review the recent progress in luminescent polysiloxanes with different topologies and discuss the challenges and perspectives. With an emphasis on the driving force for the aggregation and the mechanism of tuned emissions, the role of Si atoms played in the nonconventional luminophores is highlighted. This review may provide new insights into the design of nonconventional luminescent materials and expand their further applications in sensing, biomedicine, lighting devices, etc.

Adsorption efficiency of highly methylene blue dye concentrations with multilayer chitosan-modified clays for a precise nanofiltration performance of polluted water

The development of highly efficient non-conventional materials has been a potential solution in water treatment for both environmental and economic reasons. The present work is dedicated to montmorillonite (MMT) with surface modification by biopolymer chitosan at different pH for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to visualize the adsorption process and unveil the mechanisms at nanoscale. Results show that monolayer and multilayer adsorption of MB tends to occur on the pure MMT and chitosan-modified MMT (CMMT) surfaces, respectively. The mechanism behind the two adsorption modes is controlled by the attraction strength to MB: electrostatic attraction from MMT > intermolecular π–π interactions from dyes > H-bonding interaction from CMMT. Furthermore, to quantify the adsorption capacity and efficiency, an evaluation method for the identification of immobilized dyes based on individual molecular diffusion is proposed for the first time. The immobilization efficiency for MB on CMMT surfaces increases with pH and reaches a maximum value of 80 % (158.79 mg/g) at pH 9.5, assuming that effectively inhibited MB has D < 0.35– 0.95 × 10−9 m2/s. However, the stability of CMMT composites decreases with pH due to the detachment of some chitosan fragments when trapping dye molecules. This study suggests that the CMMT composite is more advantageous than MMT at high dye concentrations and alkaline conditions.

Functional Materials from Waste Paper. IV. Comparative Study of the Functional Composition, Supramolecular Structure, and Morphology of the Powder Celluloses Isolated from Waste Paper, Plant Celluloses, and Nonconventional Raw Materials

Functional Materials from Waste Paper. IV. Comparative Study of the Functional Composition, Supramolecular Structure, and Morphology of the Powder Celluloses Isolated from Waste Paper, Plant Celluloses, and Nonconventional Raw Materials

Calorimetric studies of yttrium doped non-conventional phase-change materials for improved performance

Though phase-change materials (PCMs) are regarded as constituent part of next-generation phase-change memory and other unfolding optoelectronic applications, the kinetics study of glass transition and crystallization, significant property in switching remains obscure in high-temperature region. Hence, this paper reports the investigation of glass transition and crystallization kinetics of Te(1-x) (GeSe0.5)Yx (TGSY) chalcogenide glass using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at heating rates 5, 10, 15, 20 °C/min. The effect of increasing Y quantity has been described by connecting structural relaxation kinematics during glass transition phenomena and devitrification while crystallization in chalcogenide glasses with their varied physicochemical characteristics. The inclusion of Y causes a discernible rise in the crystallization rate. The system is compatible with a strong glass-forming liquid, according to the Te(1-x) (GeSe0.5) Yx material fragility index. According to the average values of the kinetic exponent factors, there is heterogeneous nucleation for the investigated composition, which is subsequently followed by a two- or three-dimensional crystal growth phenomenon. Different glass stability criteria have been discussed based on the relationship between the characteristic temperatures. The CZW and CLX criteria were found to be inappropriate for discussing glass stability (GS) for the studied compositions based on the heating rate and composition dependencies of all criteria. The CYL criteria of Yuan et al. is the finest and it demonstrates the optimal ability for evaluating the GS, according to the data that was extracted from several GS criteria and their relative change parameters. By adding Y, thermal stability parameter and enthalpy emitted during the transition of glass and crystalline phases have been found to have an inverse relationship. All studied properties can conclude the application of studied material in phase-change material devices.