Non-carious Cervical Lesions Research Articles

Randomized clinical trial of different adhesion strategies in noncarious cervical lesion restorations: 1-year follow-up.

The purpose of the present prospective and randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical performance of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) restored with different adhesion strategies on the dental substrate. An adhesive restorative system (Single Bond Universal/ Z350XT) with and without selective enamel conditioning was evaluated, as well as a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Vitremer), with and without pretreatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Two operators placed a total of 200 restorations in 50 patients (four restorations per patient). Data from decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT), visible plaque, and gingival bleeding were collected prior to the restorations and at each evaluation time. All restorations were evaluated using the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) evaluation system at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. Data were analyzed by the Friedman, chi-square, Cochran, Wilcoxon, and multiple logistic regression analysis tests (P ≤ .05). There was a gradual and significant increase in DMFT with a difference among the three evaluations (P ≤ .001). There was no difference for the Visible Plaque Index over time (P = .28); however, there was a significant reduction in the Gingival Bleeding Index between the baseline and the other evaluations (P ≤ .001). There was no statistically significant difference among groups and periods of evaluations (P > .05). Regarding logistic regression, the model as a whole was statistically significant (P = .034). The four different adhesion strategies in the NCCL restorations presented similar clinical performance after 1 year of follow-up.

In Vivo Longevity of giomer as compared to other adhesive restorative materials: A systematic review

In vivo longevity of Giomer as compared to other adhesive restorative materials. A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE PubMed, EbscoHost, Scopus, Google Scholar, and manual search using College library resources were searched from January 2005 up to and including September 30, 2018, to identify appropriate studies. A total of 277 articles were identified through the database. Full-text thorough reading of 5 articles were selected and were assessed for eligibility. Further, these five articles were included in the study. At 1-year Ketac Nano and resin-modified glass ionomer cement restorations were better retained in noncarious cervical lesions, while superior color match and surface finish were observed with Giomer restorations. At 6 years, the HEMA-containing Self Etch adhesive Giomer restorations showed a rather high failure frequency.

Clinical evaluation of a self-etch and an etch-and-rinse adhesive system in class V noncarious composite restorations

Abstract Context: Adhesive restorations in cervical, noncarious, and nonretentive cavities are used as a clinical model for the evaluation of adhesive systems. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate restorations made by dental students of the last year of dentistry made with a self-etching and etching-and-rinse adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two noncarious cervical lesions Class V cavities were restored after randomly be allocated into two adhesive groups: self-etch (AdheSe self-etch) or an etch-and-rinse (Tetric N-Bond). Operators were two well-trained students of the last year of dental school and the restorations were evaluated using a single examiner, specialist in restorative dentistry, blinded and calibrated using the criteria according to the modified United States Public Health Service. Descriptive analysis, Chi-square test to evaluate associations, and survival analysis by the Kaplan–Meier were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation of adhesive systems in Class V restorations (P = 0.160). There was also no statistically difference (P = 0.751) in the assessment of the existence of occlusal interference on lateral movement and loss of restorations. The survival rate calculated for the total restorations was 89%. The survival rate of the restorations when used etch-and-rinse adhesive systems was 92.7% while with the self-etching of 85.4%. Nine restorations were classified as lost, and one restoration cannot be assessed due to the patient having it replaced before evaluation, and the other eight restorations were lost getting the score Charlie for retention. Conclusions: Class V dental restorations had a satisfactory survival rate irrespective of the adhesive system.

Adhesive restorations for the treatment of dental non-carious cervical lesions

Adhesive restorations for the treatment of dental non-carious cervical lesions

Clinical Evaluation of Noncarious Cervical Lesions of Different Extensions Restored With Bulk-fill or Conventional Resin Composite: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the influence of the occlusogingival distance (OGD) of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) on the clinical performance of a regular bulk-fill resin composite and a regular nanofilled resin composite. A total of 140 restorations were randomly placed in 77 participants by one operator. NCCLs were divided into four groups (n=35) according to OGD (1.5 mm±10% or 3 mm±10%) and resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior [B] or Filtek Z350 XT [C]) used: 1.5 mm-B, 1.5 mm-C, 3 mm-B, and 3 mm-C. A two-step self-etch adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond) was applied following manufacturer instructions in all restorative procedures. Restorations were polished 1 week after placement. Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline (7 days), 6 months, and 1 year by two calibrated examiners, according to the modified US Public Health Service criteria evaluating fractures/retention, marginal staining, marginal adaptation, recurrence of caries, anatomic form, postoperative sensitivity, and surface texture. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for intergroup comparison in each follow-up; the Friedman analysis of variance, followed by the least significant difference test (multiple comparisons) was used for intragroup comparison between baseline and follow-up times (α=0.05). Two restorations were lost at 12 months (1 for 1.5 mm-B and 1 for 3 mm-B). The retention rates at 12 months were 100% for 1.5 mm-C, 97% for 1.5 mm-B, 100% for 3 mm-C; and 97% for 3 mm-B, with no statistical difference among the groups (p=0.570). At 12 months, a statistically significant difference was found among the follow-up times for the same group (1.5 mm-B, 1.5 mm-C, and 3 mm-B) regarding the marginal staining criterion; moreover, the 3 mm-C group showed a significant difference from 6 months. No significant difference was found for the other parameters. Both resin composites showed acceptable clinical performance, and the OGD of NCCLs did not influence the clinical performance of resin composite restorations after 12 months.

Non-carious cervical lesions - can terminology influence our clinical assessment?

Introduction Abfraction is a theoretical term used that has been classified as a type of non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) and characterised by the microstructural loss of hard dental tissue in areas of high stress concentration. There is a lack of consensus among researchers and clinicians as to whether occlusal loading, particularly interferences or eccentric loading, generates sufficient tensile stress to be an aetiological factor in the loss of hard dental tissue at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ).Aim This narrative review article assesses the evidence behind the theory of abfraction.Results It is difficult to control all influencing factors in a clinical trial making it challenging to generate sufficient evidence to conclusively support the theory of abfraction. There is limited evidence occlusal forces are an aetiological agent in non-carious cervical lesion development. However, if occlusal forces do play a role, the term non-carious cervical lesion is more reflective of the limited role it may play and a multifactorial aetiology.Conclusion The term 'abfraction lesion' remains misleading and could be removed from our diagnostic vocabulary.

Efficacy of a Light-cured Tetracaine-based Anesthetic Gel for Rubber Dam Clamp Placement: A Triple-blind Randomized Clinical Trial.

To evaluate the efficacy of a new light-cured anesthetic gel for pain control in adults undergoing rubber dam isolation for the restorative treatment of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). This study was a randomized, split-mouth, triple-blind, controlled trial. The sample comprised 50 adults with at least one pair of NCCLs located in the same arch but on opposite sides. Simple randomization defined the tooth to receive the light-cured tetracaine-based anesthetic gel or the placebo gel. After cotton roll isolation, the gels were applied in the gingival tissue around the tooth with the aid of the applicator tip of a syringe, left in place for 15 seconds, and light-cured for 15 seconds. Then, a #212 clamp was positioned on the tooth. If the patient reported pain, the clamp was removed, the patient filled out a pain intensity form (a 0-10 visual analog scale [VAS] and a 0-4 verbal rating scale [VRS]) and an injectable anesthetic was applied before rubber dam isolation for the restorative procedure. The absolute risk, intensity of pain, and need for rescue anesthesia were analyzed by the McNemar test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test (α=5%). The odds ratio [OR] for pain (OR=3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.1 to 14.6; p=0.03) showed lower reports of pain for the light-cured anesthetic gel. One in five patients will benefit from placement of the light-cured anesthetic gel. On average, pain intensity was one VAS unit lower in those using the light-cured anesthetic gel than in those using the placebo gel. For the VRS, the pain intensity for the light-cured anesthetic gel was 0.4 units lower than the pain intensity for the placebo gel (95% CI=-0.9 to 0.07). The OR for rescue anesthesia was 2.5 (95% CI=0.7 to 10.9; p=0.18). The light-cured, tetracaine-based anesthetic gel reduced the absolute risk of pain by 20% in NCCLs.

There are probably similar outcomes between a glass-hybrid restorative and a nanoceramic composite resin after 2 years of restoring noncarious cervical lesions in patients with bruxism

There are probably similar outcomes between a glass-hybrid restorative and a nanoceramic composite resin after 2 years of restoring noncarious cervical lesions in patients with bruxism

There seem to be similar outcomes when restoring noncarious cervical lesions with direct or semidirect techniques after 2 years

There seem to be similar outcomes when restoring noncarious cervical lesions with direct or semidirect techniques after 2 years

18-month clinical evaluation of a copper-containing universal adhesive in non-carious cervical lesions: A double-blind, randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the addition of copper nanoparticles (CuNp) on the clinical performance of a universal adhesive system used as etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE). Methods216 restorations were randomly placed in 36 subjects according to the following groups: ERcu = etch-and-rinse with 0.1% CuNp; ERct = etch-and-rinse without CuNp; SEcu = self-etch with 0.1% CuNp; SEct = self-etch without CuNp. Resin composite was placed incrementally and light-cured. The restorations were evaluated at baseline and 6, 12 and 18 months using the FDI and USPHS criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using appropriate tests (α = 0.05). ResultsThe addition of CuNp did not increase the clinical performance (FDI / USPHS) of the universal adhesive tested after 18-month when applied in the ER mode (p > 0.05). The addition of CuNp in SE restorations increased the retention rate significantly and decreased the marginal discrepancies after 18 months (p < 0.05). ConclusionThe clinical performance of universal adhesive was significantly increased when applied in the SE mode with the addition of copper nanoparticles. Clinical relevanceThis is the first study that demonstrates a slight improvement in the clinical performance of universal adhesive systems in non-carious cervical lesions when added CuNp in lower concentration.

Modified tunnel technique applied in the treatment of gingival recessions with non-carious cervical lesion

This study aimed to investigate the clinical effect of modified tunnel technique (MTUN) in the treatment of gingival recession with non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL). Forty-two teeth with Miller I degree gingival recession were divided into the NCCL group or control group depending on whether NCCL was present. Both groups were treated with MTUN plus subepithelial connective tissue. The periodontal probing depth (PD), gingival recession height (GRH), gingival recession width (GRW), attached gingival width (AGW), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded before and at 3 and 6 months after operation. The mean root coverage (MRC) at 6 months after operation was calculated and analyzed. A root coverage esthetic scoring system was used to record aesthetic scores. GRH, GRW, and CAL of the two groups after surgery were significantly lower than those before surgery, and no significant changes in PD and AGW were observed. The MRC in the NCCL group was 63.40%±28.02%, whereas that in the control group was 67.00%±21.72%; no significant difference between the two groups was found. In terms of aesthetic outcomes, no significant difference between groups was reported. MTUN can effectively improve gingival recession, and the presence of shallow NCCL (≤1 mm) will not affect the surgical effect of MTUN.

Influence of Different Composites and Polishing Techniques on Periodontal Tissues near Noncarious Cervical Lesions: A Controlled, Randomized, Blinded Clinical Trial.

Objectives This study evaluated the long-term effect on gingival tissues near noncarious cervical lesions after restoration with different composites in association with two different polishing techniques. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 60 patients as a randomized, split-mouth, single-blind clinical trial and divided into four groups ( n = 15) and restored using different composites (Tetric N-Ceram nanohibride or Z350 XT nanoparticles) and polishing materials (Astropol or Sof-Lex). The periodontal parameters analyzed were Silness–Löe plaque index; Silness–Löe gingival index; probing depth, clinical insertion level; and bleeding on probing. Periodontal analysis was performed before scaling and root planing at 30, 60, 120, and 180 days after restoration. Statistical Analysis The data submitted to the Friedman’s test were employed for comparison between groups ( p < 0.05). Results Statistically significant differences between Z350/Astropol and other groups were observed for visible plaque and probing depth. Gingival index Tetric/Sof-Lex, the time factor did not influence the results. All experiment groups exhibited statistically significant differences in the clinical level of insertion when the follow-up time was considered. Percentage of bleeding on probing, in which there was a difference only with regard to group Tetric/Sof-Lex when the time factor was considered. Conclusion The evaluated composites and polishing techniques did not exhibit differences in performance in the periodontal parameters analyzed at the end of 6 months of evaluation.

Clinical and OCT outcomes of a universal adhesive in a randomized clinical trial after 12 months

ObjectivesTo assess the performance of a universal adhesive in different application modes in non-carious cervical lesions clinically and by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods55 adult patients with three non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) each participated in the study. Lesions were restored with Scotchbond™ Universal (SBU, 3 M) applied in the self-etch (SBU-SE) and the selective-enamel-etch mode (SBU-SEE) in combination with Filtek™ Supreme XTE (3 M). OptiBond™ FL (OFL, Kerr) was used as a control. Restorations were clinically assessed (FDI criteria) after 14 days, 6 and 12 months and in parallel imaged by OCT (interfacial adhesive defects), starting immediately after filling placement. Cumulative failure rates (CFR) and means of interfacial adhesive defect were statistically evaluated. ResultsAfter 12 months, CFRs were lower in the SBU groups (0.0% each) than in the OFL group (20.0%, p = 0.001). Clinically, small marginal fractures occurred three times more often in the SBU-SE than in the SBU-SEE group (p = 0.001). Immediately after filling placement and at each reassessment OCT revealed more interfacial defects at enamel interfaces for SBU/SE compared to SBU/SEE and OFL (pi ≤ 0.044). At dentin/cement more defects were seen with OFL compared to SBU/SE and SBU/SEE (pi ≤ 0.001). Before restoration loss, more interfacial defects appeared compared to remaining restorations (pimmediately/6M = 0.132/0.002). ConclusionsClinical evaluation and OCT imaging revealed higher interfacial integrity for SBU in both application modes compared to OFL. OCT detected interfacial bond failures prior to clinical deterioration or restoration loss. Clinical significanceScotchbond Universal showed an equivalent or improved bonding performance compared to the reference adhesive. Selective enamel etching is recommended. The parameter interfacial adhesive defect seems to be a valuable predictor for evaluation of adhesive restoration systems.

12 Months Clinical Follow-up of Non-Carious Cervical Lesions Restored With New Injectable Composite

12 Months Clinical Follow-up of Non-Carious Cervical Lesions Restored With New Injectable Composite

Thirty-six-month clinical evaluation of different adhesive strategies of a universal adhesive.

The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the performance of a universal adhesive with different adhesive strategies in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) over a 36-month period. One hundred sixty-five NCCLs in 35 patients (13 female, 22 male) with at least 3 lesions each were included in this study. Three groups were formed according to the adhesive strategy used (n = 55): selective-etch mode, etch-and-rinse mode, or self-etch mode of a universal adhesive, Single Bond Universal. The same nanofilled resin composite, Filtek Ultimate, was used for all restorations by a single operator. The restorations were evaluated by two calibrated examiners at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36months in accordance with the modified USPHS criteria. The chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison and Cochran's Q test for intragroup comparison (∝ = 5%). At 36months, the recall rate was 98.1% and three restorations, one from each group, had failed because of retention loss (P > 0.05). The self-etch mode group showed 17 bravo scores for both marginal staining and marginal adaptation after 3years, which was significantly different from the selective-etch and etch-and-rinse groups (P < 0.05). For all groups, the only statistically significant difference was found when baseline and 36-month evaluations were compared in terms of marginal staining (P = 0.000). When the marginal adaptation values at 36months were compared with those at the baseline, statistically significant differences were found in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch mode groups (P < 0.05). Neither secondary caries nor postoperative sensitivity was observed at any recall. All adhesive modes showed similar retention rates. Although all restorations were clinically acceptable, restorations in self-etch mode showed less satisfying performance for marginal staining and marginal adaptation. At the end of 36months, the Single Bond Universal adhesive received acceptable scores according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. However, clinicians should be aware that its use in self-etch application mode tends to result in marginal staining and marginal deterioration when compared with etch-and-rinse and selective-etch application modes.

Prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions among the general population of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

As non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) may compromise aesthetics and function, knowledge of their aetiological covariables enhances management of clinical complaints and success of restorative treatments. The primary aim of this study was to assess the presence of NCCLs among the general population of the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the potential association with patient-related risk factors. A prevalence study of NCCLs included 738 respondents from eight towns/municipalities. Two dental practitioners examined all respondents. NCCLs were diagnosed according to the Smith and Knight tooth wear index, measured using a Williams periodontal probe. Data regarding risk factors were obtained through a structured questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyse the association of risk factors and the occurrence of NCCLs. Non-carious cervical lesions were diagnosed in 384 (52%) respondents. Multivariate regression analysis showed that several variables were independently associated with the risk of developing NCCLs, including frequent consumption of acid food (P=0.001), frequent consumption of acid drinks (P=0.001), retaining drink in the mouth (P=0.001), alcohol consumption (P=0.030), bruxism (P=0.018) and gastro-oesophageal reflux (P=0.023). First mandibular premolars were the most affected teeth (left: 46.0%; right: 44.0%), followed by the second right maxillary premolars (37.3%), second left maxillary premolars (33.6%) and finally by the first right maxillary premolars (34.0%). The results of the current study suggest that NCCLs occur frequently and have a multifactorial aetiology. The lowest prevalence was recorded among individuals younger than 20years of age. As the majority of risk factors are modifiable, regular dental care could lead to the early detection of NCCLs.

Twenty-four-month clinical performance of a glass hybrid restorative in non-carious cervical lesions of patients with bruxism: a split-mouth, randomized clinical trial.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a glass hybrid restorative compared with a nano-ceramic composite resin in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) of patients with bruxism. Twenty-five patients with NCCLs and bruxism were enrolled in the present study. Before treatment, the dimensions of the NCCLs (depth, cervico-incisal height, and mesio-distal width) and internal angles were measured. Degree of tooth wear (TWI) and gingival conditions were recorded. A total of 148 NCCLs were randomly restored with a glass hybrid restorative system (GH) (Equia Forte Fil, GC, Tokyo, Japan) or a nano-ceramic composite resin (RBC) (Ceram.X One Universal, Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24months according to the modified USPHS criteria. Data were analyzed with Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U, and Cochran's Q tests (P < 0.05). At the 24-month recall, 126 restorations in 22 patients were evaluated. The recall rate was 88.0%. No significant difference was found between the materials for retention (P = 0.285), and no relationships were found between internal angle, depth, cervico-incisal height, or mesio-distal width and retention of the restorations (P > 0.05). A significant difference was observed between the materials for marginal adaptation (P = 0.002), but no relationships were found among depth, cervico-incisal height, and mesio-distal width and marginal adaptation (P > 0.05). RBC showed better results for marginal adaptation. Between marginal adaptation, TWI, and the gingival index, correlations were significant (P < 0.001, P = 0.002). A significant change was found in marginal discoloration in GH and RBC over time (P = 0.039 and P = 0.004, respectively). Neither secondary caries nor tooth sensitivity was observed on any of the restorations at any evaluation. Although nano-ceramic RBC showed better marginal adaptation than GH, both tested restoratives showed clinically acceptable performance for the restoration of NCCLs of patients with bruxism after 24months of clinical service. This study is registered on http://clinicaltrials.gov under protocol record KA-16020, Clinical Performance of a Glass Hybrid Restorative in NCCL's of Patients With Bruxism.

A 2-year clinical evaluation of direct and semi-direct resin composite restorations in non-carious cervical lesions: a randomized clinical study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 2-year success of resin composite restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using the direct or semi-direct techniques. Thirty volunteers presenting with at least two NCCLs were included. Each participant received one restoration using the direct technique and the other using the semi-direct technique, totaling 60 restorations. Time for completing the treatment was computed. Assessments at baseline, 7days, and 6, 12, and 24months were performed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Descriptive analysis was reported as a percentage of successful treatments. For inferential analysis, the Student t test was used to evaluate the differences between extension, depth, and time. The chi-square/Fisher tests were used to compare treatment success after each period (α = 0.05). The results were evaluated by using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Differences were detected regarding mean ± standard deviation time, in which direct and semi-direct procedures were accomplished in 21.8 (± 14.5) and 35.3 (± 19.9) min, respectively. Of the 60 restorations placed, 7 failed in the direct group while 8 failed in the semi-direct group up to 2years. No differences were detected between restorative protocols. The cumulative survival was 88.5% and 88.4% for the direct technique and semi-direct techniques after 24months, respectively. The tested restorative protocols present similar results for NCCLs within the studied periods. The semi-direct technique exhibited clinical performance similar to direct technique for NCCL, demonstrating an alternative for restorations of these lesions.

Investigations on the adhesion of new composites for restoring cervical lesions using energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy

Restoration of noncarious cervical lesions with resin composites is one of the treatment options, but the retention of the restorations located at the crown-root junction is still a cause of clinical concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesive properties of three experimental resin composites and two commercial materials used to restore cavities prepared on extracted teeth as well as to determine the relative elemental composition of these materials. We tested the null hypothesis, which considered that the adhesive behaviours of different resin composites did not differ. The microleakage test using tracers showed that all tested materials exhibited some degree of dentinal microleakage, although they all had good dentinal adhesion. The results failed to reject the null hypothesis. The scanning electron microscopy revealed completely adapted adhesive interfaces underneath the restorations along with well-developed hybrid layers depending on the adhesive system. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis analyses showed that the restorative materials have similar chemical compositions, with some differences between the samples from the same material. The results support the implementation of experimental resins in clinical settings.

Evaluación clínica a 6 meses de restauraciones cervicales en lesiones no cariosas con resinas compuestas Bulk-fill: Estudio aleatorio doble ciego.

Objective: To assess the six-month clinical outcome of restorations of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) with two composite resins: Bulk-Fill and nanohybrid resin. Materials and methods: Fifty-one patients, with three NCCLs each, were randomly allocated into three restoration groups: Tetric-N-Ceram Bulk-Fill (TB); Filtek Bulk-Fill (FB); y Filtek Z350XT (Z350). Adhesive techniques and restorative procedures were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions for the different materials. A 4mm increment was applied in TB and FB, and increments of ≤2mm depth were applied in Z350. Restorations were assessed by two calibrated examiners at baseline and at six months according to the FDI World Dental Federation guidelines (1: excellent, 2: acceptable, 3: sufficient, 4: unsatisfactory, 5: unacceptable) in Marginal Staining (MS), Fracture-Retention (FR), Marginal Adaptation (MA), Postoperative Sensitivity (S) and Caries (C). Wilcoxon test was used for the comparison between baseline and 6 months, and Kruskal-Wallis for the comparison of the three groups at six months (95% significance). Results: Forty-six patients with a total of 138 restorations attended a check-up at six months and were evaluated with excellent clinical outcome. In MS, 91.2% for Z350 and 97.8% for FB and TB; in FR, 97.8% for Z350 and 100% for FB and TB; in MA, 95.6% for Z350, 97.8% for FB and 100% for TN; in S, 95.6% for all three groups; and 100% for C. No statistically significant differences were found between the three groups nor in the comparison between the baseline and 6 months (p&gt;0.05) Conclusion: No significant differences are observed between the three groups of resins in the parameters of MS, MA, S, FR and C regarding clinical outcome at six months.