Nonbinary Systems Research Articles

Mujer y feminismo

The question of “why there have been no great women artists,” initiated by Linda Nochlin in 1971, elicits different responses from art domains in China. In addition, the notions of feminism or feminist art criticism, translated from English and practiced by Chinese artists, create distinct connotations reflective of different gender conditions. Zhu and Xiao, in their Feminisms with Chinese Characteristics, claim that “Chinese feminisms must remain plural because those concepts represent the changing practical consciousness in response to historical and social developments” (Zhu and Xiao, 2021: 1). Dai Jinhua, a Chinese scholar, views feminism as “the search for different worlds and alternative possibilities other than global capitalism” (Dai, 2002: 29). A historical overview of woman and art in China demonstrates a plurality of female and feminism, and this article shows how alternative responses to Nochlin’s question become possible if one views sexual difference and gender politics as a non-binary system in specific historical contexts.

Y-Series-Based Polymer Acceptors for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells in Binary and Non-binary Systems

Y-Series-Based Polymer Acceptors for High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells in Binary and Non-binary Systems

Gemini-LIGHTS: Herbig Ae/Be and Massive T Tauri Protoplanetary Disks Imaged with Gemini Planet Imager

We present the complete sample of protoplanetary disks from the Gemini- Large Imaging with the Gemini Planet Imager Herbig/T Tauri Survey, which observed bright Herbig Ae/Be stars and T Tauri stars in near-infrared polarized light to search for signatures of disk evolution and ongoing planet formation. The 44 targets were chosen based on their near- and mid-infrared colors, with roughly equal numbers of transitional, pre-transitional, and full disks. Our approach explicitly did not favor well-known, “famous” disks or those observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, resulting in a less-biased sample suitable to probe the major stages of disk evolution during planet formation. Our optimized data reduction allowed polarized flux as low as 0.002% of the stellar light to be detected, and we report polarized scattered light around 80% of our targets. We detected point-like companions for 47% of the targets, including three brown dwarfs (two confirmed, one new), and a new super-Jupiter-mass candidate around V1295 Aql. We searched for correlations between the polarized flux and system parameters, finding a few clear trends: the presence of a companion drastically reduces the polarized flux levels, far-IR excess correlates with polarized flux for nonbinary systems, and systems hosting disks with ring structures have stellar masses <3 M⊙. Our sample also included four hot, dusty “FS CMa” systems, and we detected large-scale ( >100 au) scattered light around each, signs of extreme youth for these enigmatic systems. Science-ready images are publicly available through multiple distribution channels using a new FITS file standard that has been jointly developed with members of the Very Large Telescope Spectro-polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet Research team.

Critical issues on coherent interface energy calculations revisited: The case of Al/TiB[formula omitted

Properties of Al/TiB2 heterophase interfaces are investigated by means of atomic-scale calculations. Focusing on practically important (111)Al//(0001)TiB2basal interfaces, our study allows to clarify various ambiguities present in the literature when calculating coherent interface energies in non-binary systems: (i) while neglected in earlier works on Al/TiB2, elasticity effects are properly taken into account, (ii) a critical point determining interface stability being related to chemical potentials in ordered compounds, their ranges of values are determined by a careful analysis ensuring TiB2 stability and absence of undesired other phases, and (iii) comparing different simulation systems leads to conclude that periodic boundary conditions should be preferred to free surface ones, frequently used in earlier studies. This work is the first attempt to bring the improvements (i) to (iii) in the same methodology and allows to obtain more realistic values of coherent interface energies than those previously available in the literature.

Intersex Between Sex And Gender In Cause Et Cure

ABSTRACT This article argues that intersex is present in medieval medical texts outside of the medieval concept of hermaphroditism. The phlegmatic man, the phlegmatic woman, and the sanguine man, in the twelfth-century medical text Cause et cure, all exhibit intersex characteristics. The close examination of the terms in which these figures are described also shows that the elaboration of intersex in this text directly challenges the modern distinction between sex and gender. Contrary to Joan Cadden’s influential analysis of Cause et cure, I argue that the text has a robust nonbinary system of sexual difference. In particular, phlegm is consistently characterised as an intersex category. The examination of phlegm’s intersex properties leads to a re-examination of viriditas [greenness]. This study reveals that viriditas acts as a masculine and masculinising substance, in an almost hormonal sense. Its imbalanced presence in phlegmatic bodies causes them to diverge from prelapsarian ideals of sexual dimorphism. Cause et cure identifies the Fall as the cause of humoral imbalance, and illness. The text precisely describes atypical sex as one of the effects of this fallen state. I identify this through an intersex reading which contests the sex/gender distinction and the reification of sex.

Nonbinary Systems: Looking towards the future of gender equity in planetary science

Gender equity remains a major issue facing the field of planetary science, and there is broad interest in addressing gender disparities within space science and related disciplines. Many studies of these topics have been performed by professional planetary scientists who are relatively unfamiliar with research in fields such as gender studies and sociology. As a result, they adopt a normative view of gender as a binary choice of 'male' or 'female,' leaving planetary scientists whose genders do not fit within that model out of such research entirely. Reductive frameworks of gender and an overemphasis on quantification as an indicator of gendered phenomena are harmful to people of marginalized genders, especially those who live at the intersections of multiple axes of marginalization such as race, disability, and socioeconomic status. In order for the planetary science community to best serve its marginalized members as we move into the next decade, a new paradigm must be established. This paper aims to address the future of gender equity in planetary science by recommending better survey practices and institutional policies based on a more profound approach to gender.

Fault-tolerant quantum computation with non-binary systems

In this paper, we present the stabilizer transformation formalism under measurements in q-ary systems where q is an odd prime power. Through a clever use of sequential stabilizer manipulations, we can implement several q-ary logical gates in a fault-tolerant way. Furthermore, a randomized fault-tolerant code conversion procedure between arbitrary non-binary stabilizer codes is proposed, in which descendant ancillary qudits are required with growing dimension of systems. Finally, we adapt the idea of stabilizer transformation in the construction of q-ary entanglement-assisted quantum stabilizer codes.

Gender as a historical kind: a tale of two genders?

Is there anything that members of each binary category of gender have in common? Even many non-essentialists find the lack of unity within a gender worrying as it undermines the basis for a common political agenda for women. One promising proposal for achieving unity is by means of a shared historical lineage of cultural reproduction with past binary models of gender (e.g. Bach in Ethics 122:231–272, 2012). I demonstrate how such an account is likely to take on board different binary and also non-binary systems of gender. This implies that all individuals construed as members of the category, “women” are in fact not members of the same historical kind after all! I then consider different possible means of modifying the account but conclude negatively: the problem runs deeper than has been appreciated thus far.

Meanings and Functions of the Arabic Article al- 'the' with Reference to the Concept of Definiteness

This study presents a descriptive-analytical argument for exploring the concept of definiteness in Arabic adopting Chesterman's theory of definiteness as a scalar and non-binary system. It investigates the meanings and functions of the Arabic article al- focusing on the divergent nature of definiteness as indicated by this article. Results have shown that al- has different meanings which serve various functions of which definiteness is only one. It has three distinct structures (a) nominal al- (al al-mawṣūla) which functions as a relative noun, (b) an article of definiteness (al al-taʽrīf) and (c) augmented al- (al al-zā’ida). When used as a definite article, al- does not always indicate true definiteness; it can be used pragmatically to indicate verbal ‘non-referential’ definiteness (taʽrīf lafẓī) equal to what Chesterman refers to as ‘inclusiveness’ as an area of opposition in definiteness. This paper concludes that definiteness in Arabic is a scalar rather than a bi-polar concept where al- does serve, though not in all cases, as an article of definiteness. The oppositions indicated in the way definiteness are linguistically encoded and semantically decoded by Arabic definiteness constructions in general, and those indicated by the Arabic article al- in particular, are not discrete but scalar. It is recommended that definiteness is viewed as a continuum of scales and degrees depending on contextual pragmatic factors.

Maximally entangled states of four nonbinary particles

Systems of four nonbinary particles, each having three or more internal states, exhibit maximally entangled states that are inaccessible to four qubits. This breaks the pattern of two- and three-particle systems, in which the existing graph states are equally accessible to binary and nonbinary systems alike. We compare the entanglement properties of these special states (called P-states) with those of the more familiar GHZ and cluster states accessible to qubits. The comparison includes familiar entanglement measures, the "steering" of states by projective measurements, and the probability that two such measurements, chosen at random, leave the remaining particles in a Bell state. These comparisons demonstrate not only that P-state entanglement is stronger than the other types, but that it is maximal in a well-defined sense. We prove that GHZ, cluster, and P-states represent all possible entanglement classes of four-particle graph states with a prime number (>2) of states per particle.

Strontium As a Structure Modifier for Non-binary Al–Si Alloy

This paper presents a study of the influence on the structure of AlSi10Mg alloy when 400 ppm of strontium is added. Not only changes in the morphology of eutectic silicon, but in particular changes in the morphology of the intermetallicphases are monitored, namely phases containing iron and magnesium. The effect of strontium on structural defects,namely cavities formation, is also observed. It was found, that in non-binary system Al–Si–Mg also intermetallic phases of magnesium are affected by addition of strontium: especially phase Mg2Si changes the morphology significantly fromunmodified to modified structure. Moreover, findings of other authors, that strontium has a negative effect on the levelof gas porosity and on the distribution of shrinkages, are also confirmed.

Application of Nonbinary LDPC Cycle Codes to MIMO Channels

In this paper, we investigate the application of nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) cycle codes over Galois field GF(q) to multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. Two types of LDPC coded systems that employ either joint or separate MIMO detection and channel decoding are considered, depending on the size of the Galois field and the modulation choice. We construct a special class of nonbinary LDPC cycle codes called the parallel sparse encodable (PSE) codes. The PSE code, consisting of a quasi-cyclic (QC) LDPC cycle code and a simple tree code, has the attractive feature that it is not only linearly encodable, but also allows parallel encoding which can reduce the encoding time significantly. We provide a systematic comparison between nonbinary coded systems and binary coded systems in both performance and complexity. Our results show that the proposed nonbinary system employing the PSE code outperforms not only the binary LDPC code specified in the 802.16e standard, but also the optimized binary LDPC code obtained using the EXIT chart methods. Through a detailed complexity analysis, we conclude that for the MIMO channel considered, the nonbinary coded systems achieve a superior performance at a receiver complexity that is comparable to that of the binary systems.

An 8-b 100-MSample/s CMOS pipelined folding ADC

Although cascading reduces the number of folders used in folding analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), it demands wider bandwidth. The pipelining scheme proposed in this work greatly alleviates the wide bandwidth requirement of the folding amplifier. The pipelining is implemented with simple differential-pair folders. The key idea is to use odd multiples of folders with distributed interstage track/holds cooperatively with an algorithm for coding and digital error correction for the nonbinary system. The pipelined folding ADC prototyped using 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS exhibits a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of /spl plusmn/0.4 LSB and an integral nonlinearity (INL) of /spl plusmn/1.3 LSB at 100 MSample/s. The chip occupies 1.4 mm/spl times/1.2 mm in active area and consumes 165 mW at 5 V.

Use of Interdiffusion to Determine Crystalline Solubility in Alkali Halide Systems

Measurement of the discontinuities in the concentration‐distance graphs describing interdiffusion of the components in the binary systems NaF‐LiF and NaCl‐RbCl gave the crystalline solubility limits just below the eutectic temperatures. These are 8 mole % LiF in NaF and 1.5 mole % NaF in LiF at 625° C and 6 mole % NaCl in RbCl and 0.8 mole % RbCl in NaCl at 515°C. Experiments in the complex systems NaCl‐Kl and NaF‐LiF‐MgF2 showed that the method was inapplicable to nonbinary systems where the phase compositions at intermediate stages in the interdiffusion do not correspond to those of the final equilibrium assemblage.