Non-aqueous Titrimetry Research Articles

Titrimetric and UV-spectrophotometric determination of diclofenac in tablet formulation

Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. It is usually formulated as a sodium or potassium salt. It exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activities both in animals and in humans. This study sets out to evaluate the quality and efficacy of diclofenac tablets using Chemical and UV spectrophotometric methods with a view to providing simple, sensitive and cost-effective analytical methods. The tablet samples were subjected to weight uniformity and hardness test. Method validation was by means of a precision assay. The methods were applied to the determination of diclofenac in tablets formulation. Six different brands of diclofenac tablets sourced from pharmacies in Yenagoa and Port-Harcourt, South-south region of Nigeria were analysed for diclofenac by non-aqueous titrimetry and UV spectrophotometry at the λ max of 296 nm. All the six different brands of diclofenac tablet complied with the pharmacopoeia specification for uniformity of weight and the tablets possess suitable hardness for handling in manufacturing, packaging and shipping. The percentage purity of diclofenac from the non-aqueous titration ranged from 99.2 - 133%. The coefficient of variation for In-between run, Intra-day run and accuracy of the UV spectrophotometric method was within 4%. The percentage purity from UV determination ranged from 87.8 - 120.5%. Four of the six different samples conform to the BP specification using the non- aqueous titration while four of the brands did not meet the BP specification using the UV spectrophotometric method. The findings suggest that no single method could be adequate in the determination of the quality of pharmaceutical formulations.

The scope of phenolchloroform-acetonitrile as a solvent system in nonaqueous titrimetry.

The scope of phenolchloroform-acetonitrile as a solvent system in nonaqueous titrimetry.

Flow injection determination of free fatty acids in vegetable oils using capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection

A single line flow injection analysis (FIA) method that incorporated a preconcentrator column packed with C 18 particles and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector (C 4D) was developed for the determination of free fatty acid (FFA) in vegetable oils. The carrier stream was methanol/1.5 mM sodium acetate (pH 8) 80:20 (v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min −1. Calibration curve was well correlated ( r 2 = 0.9995) within the range of 1–200 mg L −1 FFA (expressed as palmitic acid). Sampling rate of 40–60 h −1 was achieved. Good agreement was found between the standard non-aqueous titrimetry method and the proposed method when applied to the determination of FFA in palm (crude, olein, and refined, bleached and deodorised) and other vegetable (soybean, rice bran, walnut, corn and olive) oils. The proposed method offers distinct advantages over the official method, especially in terms of simplicity, high sampling rate, economy of solvents and sample, offering considerable promise as a low cost automated system that needs minimum human intervention over long periods of time.

Synthesis and Characterization of Coumarin–Trioxane–Urea Copolymers

4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin trioxane urea (MHCTU) copolymers were prepared by copolycondensation of 4-methyl-7 hydroxycoumarin (MHC), trioxane (T) and urea (U) in the presence of 2 M HCl/H2SO4 as a catalyst with different molar ratios of reacting monomers. The copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectral and TGA studies. The number average molecular weight ( Mn) of all the produced copolymers was determined by non-aqueous titrimetry.

Physicochemical and physiological properties of cholylsarcosine. A potential replacement detergent for bile acid deficiency states in the small intestine.

The properties of cholylsarcosine (the synthetic N-acyl conjugate of cholic acid with sarcosine [N-methylglycine]) were examined to determine its suitability as a bile acid replacement agent for conditions of bile acid deficiency in the small intestine, which causes fat malabsorption. Previous studies in rodents had shown that the compound was well transported by the liver and ileum and underwent neither deconjugation nor dehydroxylation during enterohepatic cycling. By 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance, cholylsarcosine was found to exist in dilute aqueous solution as an almost equimolar mixture of two geometric isomers--cis and trans (around the amide bond)--in contrast to cholylglycine, which was present entirely in the trans form. The critical micellization concentration was 11 mmol/liter, similar to that of cholylglycine (10 mmol/liter). By nonaqueous titrimetry, the pKa' of cholylsarcosine was 3.7, only slightly lower than that of cholylglycine (3.9). Cholylsarcosine was poorly soluble below pH 3.7, but highly soluble above pH 4. In vitro, cholylsarcosine behaved as cholylglycine with respect to promoting lipolysis by lipase/colipase. There was little difference between cholylsarcosine and cholylglycine in their solubilization of an equimolar mixture of oleic acid, oleate, and monoolein (designed to simulate digestive products of triglyceride) or in their solubilization of monooleyl-glycerol alone. When a [3H]triolein emulsion with either cholylsarcosine or cholyltaurine was infused intraduodenally in biliary fistula rats, recovery of 3H in lymph was 52 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) for cholylsarcosine and 52 +/- 11% for cholyltaurine. When perfused into the colon of the anesthetized rabbit, cholylsarcosine (5 mmol/liter) did not influence water absorption or permeability to erythritol, in contrast to chenodeoxycholate, which induced vigorous water secretion and caused erythritol loss. We conclude that cholylsarcosine possesses the physicochemical and physiological properties required for a suitable bile acid replacement in deficiency states.

Ion-pair extraction of the gallium(III) ion from hydrochloric acid with various methoxy- substituted triarylphosphines

A series of methoxy-substituted triarylphosphines R n Ph 3- n P ( n = 1−3), where R may be 2-(MeO)C 6H 4,4-(MeO)C 6H 4,2,6-(MeO) 2C 6H 3 and 2,4,6-(MeO) 3C 6H 2, have been prepared and employed as extractants for the gallium(III) ion from hydrochloric acid solutions. The extractabilities of these compounds are found to become more effective with an increase in their basicities, which are determined by non-aqueous titrimetry. Highly basic compounds, {(2,6-(MeO) 2C 6H 3)} 3P and {(2,4,6-(MeO) 3C 6H 2)} 3P, possess the highest extractability amongst the triarylphosphines. The extraction mechanism is discussed on the basis of the 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopic data.

Determination of total basicity and available lysine in proteins by nonaqueous titrimetry

A simple method is presented for the determination of the available lysine residues of proteins. The sample is titrated directly with 0.05 or 0.1 M perchloric acid in anhydrous acetic or propionic acid to a potentiometric end-point. The titration is repeated after acylation of the sample. The difference between the two basicity values gives the available lysine content of the proteins. Results are provided for the available lysine contents of bovine serum albumin, human γ-globulin, β-casein, soya bean meals meat meal and milk protein; in most cases, they agree closely with literature data obtained by other methods. The standard error for the procedure is <3.9%.

Non-Aqueous Titrimetric Determination of Sulphadimidine Sodium and Sulphadiazine Sodium in Injections

Abstract The behaviour of sodium salts of two heterocyclic sulphonamide derivatives (Sulphadimidine and sulphadiazine) in non-aqueous titrimetry was studied. Accordingly a simple and accurate procedure for their determination, based on their titration in acetic anhydride-acetic acid solvent system (5:1) with acetous perchloric acid solution is proposed. Results obtained agreed with those of a pharmacopoeial method.

Coal-derived asphaltenes: effect of phenol content and molecular weight on viscosity of solutions

Phenol contents and molecular weights of coal-derived asphaltenes are shown to affect the viscosity of their solutions. Phenol contents were determined by non-aqueous titrimetry. Intermolecular aggregation probably involving hydrogen bonding is a prime factor in the increase in viscosity found with increased asphaltene concentration in a reference solvent system composed of an 88 12 ( wt wt ) mixture of 1-methylnaphthalene and o-cresol. Aggregation effects are greater for those asphaltenes with relatively higher phenol contents. Asphaltenes were separated into fractions of different polarity by adsorption chromatography. The more polar subfraction was found to increase viscosity in the reference solvent to a greater extent than the less polar subfraction. The logarithmic viscosity numbers of solutions of the asphaltenes and their subfractions are correlated by a linear combination of molecular weights and phenol contents. It is concluded that an effective means of reducing the viscosity of coal-derived liquids would be to reduce the phenol content of the asphaltene fraction.

2,4-Dinitrobenzenesulphenyl chloride as an acid-base standard in non-aqueous titrimetry

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ChemInform Abstract: ANALYSIS OF CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS BY NON‐AQUEOUS TITRIMETRY

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 10, Issue 24 Other Subjects ChemInform Abstract: ANALYSIS OF CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS BY NON-AQUEOUS TITRIMETRY F. BARBATO, F. BARBATOSearch for more papers by this authorA. BAVA, A. BAVASearch for more papers by this authorC. GRIECO, C. GRIECOSearch for more papers by this authorC. SILIPO, C. SILIPOSearch for more papers by this authorA. VITTORIA, A. VITTORIASearch for more papers by this author F. BARBATO, F. BARBATOSearch for more papers by this authorA. BAVA, A. BAVASearch for more papers by this authorC. GRIECO, C. GRIECOSearch for more papers by this authorC. SILIPO, C. SILIPOSearch for more papers by this authorA. VITTORIA, A. VITTORIASearch for more papers by this author First published: June 12, 1979 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.197924354Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume10, Issue24June 12, 1979 RelatedInformation

Determination of methaqualone by D.C. and differential-pulse polarography.

A d.c. polarographic method at pH 3.6 in Britton-Robinson buffer and a differential-pulse polarographic method at pH 2.6 in the same buffer system have been developed for the assay of methaqualone and methaqualone dosage forms. The differential-pulse method has increased sensitivity and is easier to use than the d.c. polarographic method. The results obtained by both methods agreed well with manufacturers' analytical data and with values obtained by non-aqueous titrimetry.

S-Benzylthiuronium chloride as an acidimetric standard in non-aqueous titrimetry

S-Benzylthiuronium chloride as an acidimetric standard in non-aqueous titrimetry

Differential Nonaqueous Titration of Isoniazid and Sodium p-Aminosalicylate Mixtures

Isoniazid and sodium p-aminosalicylate are estimated potentiometrically in nonaqueous media. Their mixtures are amenable to differential nonaqueous titrimetry. The titration solvent consists of a mixture of equal volumes of acetonitrile and acetic anhydride, the titrant is acetous perchloric acid, and electrode system is the glass-calomel electrode pair. Satisfactory resolution of end points is obtained with the ratio of sodium p-aminosalicy-late-to-isoniazid as high as 4:1. Both of these components in mixtures can be determined in a single titration by the proposed method without resorting to preliminary separation.

Quantitative Determination of Some Synthetic Antiparkinsonism Agents

Nonaqueous titrimetry was employed to estimate quantitatively some of the compounds which are useful in treating Parkinsonism. The method was applied to both the crystalline material and their dosage forms. This technique was found to yield results which agreed well with those obtained by either the official procedures or by methods submitted by the manufacturer. Several solvent systems were employed for the analysis of the various compounds, but either chloroform alone or a phenol—chloroform mixture was found to be almost universally applicable. Indicators were found for all the medicinal agents investigated in both of the aforementioned major solvent systems. As an additional means of quantitative assay, the amine salts were precipitated as their tetraphenylborates and the resulting derivative was then determined quantitatively by nonaqueous titrimetry.

Determination of Codeine in Terpin Hydrate and Codeine Elixir

Ion exchange chromatography and non-aqueous titrimetry are applied to the analysis of codeine in terpin hydrate and codeine elixir. The method is simple and accurate. Ion exchange chromatography and non-aqueous titrimetry are applied to the analysis of codeine in terpin hydrate and codeine elixir. The method is simple and accurate.

An examination of some of the factors affecting the determination of carbon dioxide by non-aqueous titrimetry

Some of the factors, including choice of absorbent, indicator and titrant, that affect the determination of carbon dioxide by non-aqueous titrimetry are examined experimentally. The results of this examination are used to give a procedure that is recommended for the determination of milligram amounts of carbon dioxide.The method involves absorption of the carbon dioxide in a 5 per cent. v/v solution of ethanolamine in formdimethylamide, followed by titration with standard tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide in benzene-methanol solution to a visual end-point with thymolphthalein indicator.

Influence of Excipients on the Analysis of Tablets and Capsules by Nonaqueous Titrimetry

Investigation of the effect of twenty-seven tablet and capsule excipients on the titration of medicinal organic acids and bases has shown that a careful choice of solvents can limit interference to a very small percentage of the excipients. Certain of these excipients which are titratable when dissolved alone in common nonaqueous solvents do not always consume titrant when combined with strong organic acids and bases. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and stearic acids cause the most difficulty in the titration of medicinal organic bases and acids, respectively. Investigation of the effect of twenty-seven tablet and capsule excipients on the titration of medicinal organic acids and bases has shown that a careful choice of solvents can limit interference to a very small percentage of the excipients. Certain of these excipients which are titratable when dissolved alone in common nonaqueous solvents do not always consume titrant when combined with strong organic acids and bases. Polyvinylpyrrolidone and stearic acids cause the most difficulty in the titration of medicinal organic bases and acids, respectively.

The determination of carbon dioxide by non-aqueous titrimetry

The determination of carbon dioxide by non-aqueous titrimetry

Trifluoromethyl sulphonic acid as a titrant in glacial acetic acid systems

Trifluoromethyl sulphonic acid in glacial acetic acid has been compared with perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid as a titrant in a limited number of cases. It does not appear that the reagent is likely to compete seriously with perchloric acid in non-aqueous titrimetry. Although comparable to perchloric acid in acid strength in acetic acid as well as in instrument response, it is unlikely that the considerably higher cost can be justified on the grounds of freedom from precipitate formation alone and no other advantageous feature has been observed which could justify this.