Nomophobia Questionnaire Research Articles

"Nomophobia: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Impact on Academic Performance Among Nursing Students"

BackgroundThe literature offers limited and conflicting evidence regarding the prevalence, associated factors, and impact of nomophobia on nursing students' academic performance. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate these aspects among nursing students. MethodA cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method were used to recruit 500 nursing students. Data were collected using a demographic information form and a nomophobia questionnaire. Students were categorized into two groups based on their previous semester grade point average (GPA): strong (GPA > 15) and weak (GPA ≤ 15). Descriptive and inferential statistics, including the chi-square test and linear regression, were used for data analysis in SPSS-18 software. ResultsThe study found a considerable prevalence of nomophobia (approximately 80%) among nursing students. Significant differences in nomophobia scores were observed based on gender and primary smartphone usage. However, no statistically significant difference was found in mean nomophobia scores between strong and weak students, nor was there a significant correlation between nomophobia scores and academic performance. ConclusionThis study highlights the high prevalence of nomophobia among nursing students and its potential implications for their physical and mental well-being. Although no significant association was found between nomophobia and academic performance, educating students about the potential risks of nomophobia and encouraging responsible smartphone use remains crucial. Future research should focus on developing interventions and preventive strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of nomophobia.

Effect of Guided Imagery, Sports Activity & Composite Training in the Management of Nomophobia

Nomophobia, the fear of being without a mobile phone, has become a prevalent issue in modern society. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of three intervention approaches in managing nomophobia: guided imagery, sports activity, and composite training. For data Self-made nomophobia questionnaires were applied on 200 college student samples aged 18-24, out of which 80 nomophobic students were selected. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three intervention groups or a control group. The guided imagery group engaged in relaxation techniques and visualization exercises, while the sports activity group participated in physical activities. The composite training group received a combination of guided imagery and sports activities. The control group did not receive any intervention. Nomophobia levels were assessed using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) before and after the interventions. Results showed that all three intervention groups experienced a significant reduction in nomophobia levels compared to the control group. The sports activity group demonstrated the most substantial decrease in nomophobia scores. The findings suggest that a combined approach of guided imagery and sports activity may be the most effective in managing nomophobia among college students aged 18-24. These insights contribute to developing targeted strategies to address the growing concern of nomophobia and its potential negative impacts on the mental health and well-being of young adults.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q).

This study elucidates the cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Smart Tools Proneness Questionnaire (STP-Q), designed to probe into individuals' engagement with smart tools within the Turkish cultural milieu. Undertaking a rigorous adaptation process, this investigation aimed to ensure the questionnaire's relevance and intelligibility, subsequently, assessing its psychometric properties within a cohort of 387 participants. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a tripartite structure that reflects the original instrument, covering utilitarian use, hedonic and social use, and the inclination to delegate tasks. This congruity underscores the STP-Q's adeptness in capturing the complex dimensions of smart tool interaction across various contexts. Demonstrated by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.954 and a test-retest reliability index of 0.851, the results affirm the questionnaire's exceptional internal consistency and significant temporal stability. Further, the execution of convergent validity assessments alongside the E-Learning Readiness Scale and the Nomophobia Questionnaire augmented the STP-Q's validity, unveiling correlations that delineate the intricate interrelations among smart tool proneness, e-learning readiness, and nomophobia. Conclusively, the STP-Q distinguishes itself as a reliable and valid instrument for gauging tendencies towards smart tool use among the Turkish populace, providing profound insights into digital behavior across different cultural backgrounds. Its confirmed three-factor structure and robust psychometric attributes render it an indispensable resource for both individual assessments and expansive digital behavior investigations, enabling cross-cultural comparisons and enhancing our understanding of technology engagement dynamics.

Prevalence and severity of nomophobia among nursing students: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundNomophobia is on the rise, particularly among younger age. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of nomophobia among nursing students. MethodsA systematic search of electronic databases, including Medline -PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Google Scholar was conducted until January 2024. Studies related to the prevalence and severity of nomophobia among nursing students were considered, with an emphasis on those which utilised the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Two reviewers worked separately on research selection, data extraction, and risk of bias evaluation. Heterogeneity was identified using a sensitivity analysis depending on the risk of bias and nation subgroups. ResultsWe Incorporated 27 studies with 11,219 individuals, out of which 24 studies were included in the meta-analysis, we found various degrees of nomophobia severity. Mild nomophobia was prevalent at 28% (95% CI, 22%–37%; I2 = 97%), moderate nomophobia at 49% (95% CI, 40%–58%; I2 = 97%), and severe nomophobia at 15% (95% CI, 10%–23%; I2 = 98%). Saudi Arabia, Portugal, Tunisia, Egypt, and the Philippines exhibited the highest prevalence of severe nomophobia, while India reported the lowest rates. ConclusionNursing students demonstrated a high prevalence of mild and moderate nomophobia. Interventions in nursing institutions are essential for both prevention and management of such an issue.

The Relationship between Nomophobia and Phubbing among IT Employees

The interplay between nomophobia and phubbing is particularly relevant in the IT field due to the high dependence on mobile phones for work (Kuss et al., 2018). This study examined the relationship between nomophobia and phubbing among IT employees. In the present study, 200 participants working in different IT companies were selected using convenience sampling. The Nomophobia Questionnaire (Yildirim and Correia, 2015) and Phubbing scale (Karadağ et al., 2015) were used to collect the data. The results revealed that nomophobia was significantly and positively related to phubbing (r = .487 p < .001). This finding suggests that an increase in nomophobia was associated with an increase in phubbing among IT employees.

Can nomophobia be a contemporary and novel cluster of symptoms of adult separation anxiety disorder?

Objective: The connection between adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) and nomophobia has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether there is a relationship between ASAD and nomophobia. Method: The sample consisted of 68 university students diagnosed with ASAD and 77 university students without ASAD. All participants were evaluated by a structured clinical interview, Adult Separation Anxiety Questionnaire (ASA), Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Result: Participants with ASAD had longer daily phone usage times and had a higher frequency of checking the phone during the day and the rates of carrying a charger than controls. Compared to the control group, participants with ASAD had significantly higher ASA, SASI, NMP-Q, and SAS-SV scores and more severe nomophobia levels. The ASA scores were significantly positively correlated with SASI, NMP-Q, and SAS-SV. Regarding predictors of nomophobia, ASA, SASI, and SAS-SV scores had a positive and significant effect on nomophobia, and predicted nomophobia. Conclusion: Our research adds to the body of knowledge on nomophobia by demonstrating that people with ASAD are susceptible to developing nomophobia. Clinicians should be aware of the association between ASAD and nomophobia, and nomophobia may be an important concept that should be considered in the therapy approach to patients with ASAD.

The associations among type D personality and nomophobia, metacognitions about smartphone use, smartphone addiction in Chinese university freshmen: a two-wave study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine longitudinal associations of Type D personality and smartphone addiction, while also exploring the mediating roles of nomophobia and metacognitions about smartphone use.MethodsType D Personality Scale-14 (T1), Nomophobia Questionnaire (T2), Metacognitions about Smartphone Use Questionnaire (T2) and Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (T2) were applied at two time points. 653 university freshmen (Mage= 18.56, SD = 0.65) from a university in China were surveyed.Results(1) Type D personality was significantly and positively correlated with nomophobia, negative metacognition, and smartphone addiction. In contrast, the correlation between Type D personality and positive metacognition did not reach the significant level. (2) Compared with individuals with non-Type D personality, those with Type D personality scored significantly higher on nomophobia, negative metacognition, and smartphone addiction. However, the difference was not significant for positive metacognition. (3) Nomophobia and metacognitions about smartphone use fully mediated the relationship between Type D personality and smartphone addiction. While the mediating effects of nomophobia and negative metacognition were significant, the mediating effect of positive metacognition was not significant.ConclusionsType D personality can not only affect smartphone addiction directly but also indirectly through nomophobia and negative metacognition. Therefore, to prevent and intervene in smartphone addiction, we can start from both affect (nomophobia) and metacognition (negative metacognitions about smartphone use).

Nomophobia and smartphone addiction as correlates of senior secondary school students’ mathematics anxiety

Technology has revolutionised everyday existence. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is essential to society, employment, and education. Improved microelectronics has facilitated the proliferation of inexpensive portable devices such as smartphones. This study, therefore, investigated whether senior secondary school students' nomophobia and smartphone addiction are linked to math anxiety. Two research hypotheses were tested and the study was guided by social cognitive theory. This study employed a descriptive survey research methodology and primary data were collected from 397 students in Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria with the use of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q, α=0.89), the Smartphone Addiction Scale Short Version (SAS-SV, α=0.82), and the Mathematics Anxiety Scale (MAS, α=0.81) developed by Yildirim and Correia (2015), Kwon et al. (2013), and Ablian and Parangat (2022) respectively. The data gathered were subjected to analysis using frequency counts, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis at 0.05 significance level. This analysis was conducted using SPSS software, specifically version 23.0. The research revealed a significant association between nomophobia and smartphone addiction among the students. Additionally, the severity of nomophobia and smartphone addiction emerged as significant predictors of mathematics anxiety among high schools in Lagos. Consequently, this investigation proposes that educational authorities in Lagos State should consider implementing a ban on mobile phone usage within secondary schools as a means to mitigate these behavioural addictions among adolescents. Additionally, stakeholders within the education sector, including parents, can contribute to the prevention of these addictions by advising students about the perils of smartphone addiction, fostering ethical social interactions that cultivate trust in the family unit, and imposing restrictions on their children's smartphone usage and associated expenses.

Study protocol of a proposed Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Program on symptoms of anxiety and psychological distress associated with smartphone use in young adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Nomophobia is a specific phobia characterized by the appearance of anxiety, nervousness, discomfort and distress when the mobile phone is not used and is considered an emerging public health problem because of the negative consequences on the physical and mental health of young people and adolescents, especially women. Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Programs may prove beneficials for improving self-control abilities, a key ability in addressing addictive behaviors. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact, in a young population aged 18-35 years, of an intervention based on Neurofeedback-Assisted Mindfulness Training Program (NAMTP) on disorders associated with problematic use of mobile phones. The effect of the intervention on the total score in the nomophobia test and habits of internet and social network use, as well as on signs of depression, anxiety and stress will be analyzed. As a secondary objective, the effect of the intervention on signs of insomnia will be analyzed. Randomized, controlled clinical-trial with two-parallel groups. 40 young adults (18-35 years) will be included and randomly assigned to Intervention Group-NAMTP or Control Group (CG). The NAMTP will include a total of 25 sessions (2-3/week) during 3-months. Each session will have a duration of 10/15 min. The instrument to be used for the neurofeedback sessions is MUSE® (InteraXon Inc.). Study variables will be collected at the baseline visit and at the final visit (3-months after randomization). During these visits, questionnaires will be administered to evaluate the main and secondary variables that will include the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, Nomophobia Questionnaire, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21-item (DASS-21) and Athens Insomnia Scale. This trial will make an important contribution to the need for evidence of effective education programs and other primary care interventions through new non-invasive interventions in reducing the risk of developing addictions to new technologies and alleviating the symptoms of discomfort associated with this problem. The project was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Salamanca Health Area (CEIm Code: PI 2023 071340). ClinicalTrials.gov, http://www.Clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT06188910.

Nomophobia in Nursing Staff and Interns at a Second Level Medical Care Hospital in Mexico

Introduction: mobile phones and tablets have become an essential tool in life. Excessive and prolonged use generates Nomophobia, characterized by the irrational fear of losing contact with the mobile phone. Objective: to determine Nomophobia in Nursing Staff and Interns at a Second Level Medical Care Hospital in Sinaloa, Mexico. Methods: descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sample of 330 participants. Probabilistic sampling. A personal data sheet and a Nomophobia questionnaire (NMPQ-20) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. Approval was obtained from the Local Committee on Ethics and Health Research. Results: average age 33,82 years, 53,3 % were women, average seniority 7,54 years, 43,9 % belonged to the morning shift, general nurses predominated with 39,4 % and WhatsApp with 63 %. 38,5 % communicated frequently with their partner, 100 % used the mobile phone during the day and the average number of hours they used the device was 2,71 hours. Low levels of nomophobia (general and by dimensions) were obtained. No significant relationship or difference was found between nomophobia and age, seniority and work shift. Significant differences were found between nomophobia and sex and job category, where men and nursing interns predominated. Conclusions: nomophobia was found to be at low levels in nursing staff and interns. Significant differences were found between nomophobia and gender and category. It is essential to implement strategies that reduce the use of mobile devices, since it can put patient safety at risk by acting as a distraction.

Adaptation and validation of the Moroccan dialect version of the nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q): Among university students

The fear of being without a mobile phone, known as nomophobia, is a new psychological issue that has arisen with the widespread use of information and communication technologies. To understand this phenomenon, more research is needed. The present study aimed to assess the factor structure of the Moroccan dialect version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) among a sample of Moroccan university students. The study included 400 students selected by convenience sampling from two universities (Fez and Rabat). First, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted using the principal component method with Varimax rotation. Then, a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) were carried out. The results showed that a 20-item, four-factor model was the best fit for the data collected from the sample, indicating cross-cultural validity and the robustness of the NMP-Q's structure. This suggests that the Moroccan version of the NMP-Q is useful for assessing nomophobia behavior among Moroccan university students.

Pengaruh Perilaku Impulsif Terhadap Kecenderungan Nomophobia Mahasiswa

Nomophobia or no mobile phone phobia is a person's excessive fear of being away from gadgets. One of the influencing factors is nomophobia, which is impulsive behavior. This study aims to examine the influence of impulsive behavior on nomophobic tendencies of students in the pastoral counseling study program at the Kupang State Christian Institute. This research uses quantitative methods. Data collection tools used an impulsive behavior scale using the Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11) and a nomophobia scale using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The respondents in this study were 89 students in the pastoral counseling study program aged 19 -21 years at the Kupang State Christian Institute. The data analysis technique uses simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study prove that there is a positive and significant influence of impulsive behavior on nomophobic tendencies with an F value = 18.782 and a p value = 0.000 at R Square = 0.401. This means that the effective contribution of the impulsive behavior variable to the tendency to nomophobia is 40.1%, meaning that the higher the impulsive behavior, the greater the tendency to nomophobia.

Nomophobia (no-mobile-phone phobia) among the undergraduate medical students

Nomophobia (no-mobile-phone phobia) is the fear and anxiety of being without a mobile phone. This study pioneers the investigation of nomophobia in Afghanistan using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), addressing a crucial gap in the field. We collected statistical data from 754 undergraduate medical students, comprising men (56.50 %) and women (43.50 %), and analyzed the dimensions of nomophobia. While results revealed that all but two participants were nomophobic, they identified three significant dimensions affecting the level of nomophobia among participants: (a) gender, (b) age, and (c) marital status. The study's contributions are precious, given the peculiarity of Afghan political turmoil, security, and human rights issues, especially for women. For example, the study's data collection was abruptly halted in December 2022 due to the Taliban regime's decision to make it illegal for women to enroll in universities as students. Therefore, while examining the characteristics of nomophobia across societies is imperative, it is also vital to investigate what is true of one society, Afghanistan, at one point in time and space. The study concludes by emphasizing the need to broaden participants' scope in future studies to better understand the prevalence of nomophobia across broader societal contexts and forces.

Išmaniųjų telefonų turėjimo mokymosi metu poveikis informacijos atsiminimui psichologijos studentų imtyje

The impact of smartphones on people’s daily lives is increasing. However, despite the benefits of smartphones, the adverse effects of these devices are becoming more prominent in the academic environment; therefore, it is important to analyse them. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects that possessing of a smartphone while studying has on the recall of information in a sample of psychology students. The research analysed data collected from a sample of 80 second and third-year students from the bachelor’s program in psychology (69 females, 10 males, and 1 “other”). The age of the participants varied from 19 to 54 years (average age – 24 years, std. deviation – 7.93 years). Research method: experiment. The participants were divided into groups, according to the effects: 1) those who could not have their smartphones during the lecture; 2) those who could have their smartphones during the lecture but were asked not to use them; 3) those who could have their smartphones during the lecture and were not given any instruction on their usage. During each experiment session, 8–13 students from each group watched a 20-minute lecture recording. After the lecture, the participants completed a short test on the lecture’s content. After finishing the test, the participants filled in a nomophobia questionnaire (Yildirim & Correia, 2015). One week after participating in the experiment, students sent in a screenshot with the information on their average smartphone screen time. Students who had their smartphones during the lecture recalled the information worse than those who did not. However, no significant differences were found between the group of students who were given instructions on the usage of smartphones and those who were not. The results also revealed that a higher average time spent using a smartphone was associated with poorer recall of lecture information.

Smartphone Use and Social Media Involvement in Young Adults: Association with Nomophobia, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and Self-Esteem.

Excessive smartphone use and dependence on social media give rise to multiple issues that negatively affect the overall well-being of individuals. Nomophobia is characterized as a "digital disease" due to the unlimited use of smartphone devices. The aim of this study is to examine smartphone use and social media involvement in association with nomophobia and psychological traits (i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, and self-esteem) of young adults. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 1408 Greek undergraduate students aged 18 to 25 years, using an anonymous self-reported questionnaire. Study data were collected through the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). Participants' social media engagement was summarized through four variables: use of social media applications, number of friends, number of followers, and number of messages exchanged daily on social media. High levels of nomophobia were associated with high engagement in social media and, thereby, with a high number of friends. The same applies to participants with high/normal self-esteem compared to those with low. Regarding stress, anxiety and depression were not associated with digital network use, while elevated stress and anxiety seemed to play a negative role in the number of online followers. In addition, high levels of anxiety were correlated to an increased number of messages exchanged through social media applications.

Nomophobia and Self-Esteem: A Study of Migrant Students' Psychological Well-Being

The transition from high school to higher education represents a significant milestone for adolescents, often accompanied by migration to access better educational opportunities, known as "merantau." This phenomenon, prevalent among students aged 18-24, is associated with a high prevalence of nomophobia, characterized by anxiety and discomfort when separated from smartphones. This study aims to explore the relationship between self-esteem and nomophobia tendencies among migrant students, given the mixed findings in existing literature. Employing a correlational quantitative research design, data were collected from 153 migrant students using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) and the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES). Descriptive analysis revealed that 74.5% of students exhibited moderate nomophobia tendencies, while 62.7% had high self-esteem. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a significant negative relationship between self-esteem and nomophobia tendencies (r = -0.222, p = 0.006), suggesting that higher self-esteem is associated with lower nomophobia tendencies. This finding underscores the importance of enhancing self-esteem to mitigate nomophobia, highlighting the role of positive self-perception and real-life social interactions. Despite limitations such as the online data collection method, this study provides valuable insights into the psychological dynamics between self-esteem and nomophobia among migrant students, advocating for targeted interventions to address these issues.

Exploring risk factors and determinants: A scoping review of factors associated with nomophobia.

Nomophobia or no-mobile-phone phobia, defined as the fear of being unable to use or being unreachable via one's mobile phone. The pervasive concern has varied bio-psychosocial and clinical implications in an individual's life. Nomophobia is currently in an exploratory phase. A scoping review was conducted to systematically map the relevant evidence and literature on nomophobia. The review of scholarly literature spanning from January 2010 to May 2023 employed a narrative synthesis methodology to succinctly encapsulate the research findings. Additionally, it encompassed a meticulous examination and visual representation of studies, detailing both the frequency of investigation into specific variables and the instances in which said variables exhibited a statistically significant association with nomophobia. A thorough examination of 92 studies revealed a total of 133 variables spanning demographic, lifestyle-related, academic, smartphone-related, psychosocial, and clinical domains. Notably, 42.86% of these variables have only been investigated in a single research study, underscoring the imperative for replication to enhance the generalizability, validity, and applicability of research findings. Moreover, the review identifies Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) by Yildirim and Correia as the most widely used tool for measuring the severity of nomophobia. There is a crucial need for homogeneity and consistency in reporting nomophobia scores and establishing corresponding gradations indicative of functional ramifications or clinical severity of nomophobia. The findings elucidate significant research gaps in existing literature on nomophobia, hold implications for further synthesis of data, and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of nomophobia; ensuring superior diagnostic accuracy and precision, and facilitating successful delivery of targeted interventions.

Classification of nomophobia among Chinese college students: Evidence from latent profile and ROC analysis.

Nomophobia (NMP) is a contemporary digital ailment referring to the improper utilization of smartphones which can have significant impacts on the physical and mental health of college students. However, as a result of unclear cutoff points, the proportion of people with NMP may be exaggerated. This study therefore aimed to determine the critical value of NMP and assess the extentto which Chinese college students are impacted by NMP using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). Latent profile analysis (LPA) and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were combined to determine the critical value based on NMP-Q scores using a large sample of 3,998 college students (Mage = 20.58; SD = 1.87). Based on latent profile (i.e., at-risk NMP group), ROC revealed an optimal cut-off point of 73 (Sensitivity = 0.965, Specificity = 0.970, Accuracy = 0.968, AUC = 99.60%, Youden's index = 0.935), and the percentage of NMP students being 28.04%, with 1,121 participants identified as positive cases (probable cases). Positive cases were found to exhibit more severe depression and anxiety symptoms, with a higher proportion of females were observed in the positive group (N = 829; 73.95%). These findings provide evidence that the proportion of NMP individuals may have been overestimated in the past. Furthermore, this study helps to validate the NMP-Q as a valid tool to identify NMP in college-aged individuals.

The smartphone that cannot be abandoned - the phenomenon of nomophobia among students

Digital technologies are widespread and common in modern life and are a fundamental form of human communication. The smartphone, a small device that can easily fit in a pocket, makes it possible to meet many of our daily needs. Although a smartphone makes people’s life easier, it also often becomes a source of anxiety, which in the long term can negatively affect psychological well-being. There can also be other consequences of nomophobia, for example, excessive attachment to the smartphone can become the cause of a systematic reduction of the real presence of other people in our lives. In this way, communication and dialogue with another person are disrupted and may even cease to exist at all. The purpose of the research was to identify the phenomenon of nomophobia among students. Differences were sought in the severity of nomophobia by gender, type of sport practised (individual versus team), taking up or not taking up professional activity, and correlations between the individual dimensions of nomophobia. A total of 102 students at the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw studying Sport participated in the study, including 23 women and 79 men. The average age of the students was 19.3 years. There were 80 people in the study group who practise sport. The average training experience was 8.5 years. The Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) (Yildirim, Correia, 2015) was used to collect empirical data. Gender differences were observed in terms of the overall nomophobia rate and one of its dimensions, which is the inability to communicate. Significantly higher scores were obtained by the female students surveyed. Factors that do not differentiate the severity of nomophobia among the students surveyed are: the type of sport played (individual versus team), taking up or not taking up a job. There are positive correlations between the individual dimensions of nomophobia.

Finding balance in a digital world: Equanimity as a predictor of nomophobia

ABSTRACT The present study examined the relationship between equanimity and nomophobia. The study also examined the differences in experience of nomophobia considering gender, education and employment status. The sample included 216 emerging adults (M = 64, F = 152) from across India. The Equanimity Scale 16 and the Nomophobia Questionnaire were used to measure equanimity and nomophobia, respectively. Mann-Whitney-U test and Rank-Biserial coefficient indicated that gender differences significantly affected the losing connectedness factor of nomophobia. Correlation analysis showed that equanimity had a significant negative relationship with nomophobia and its factors- not being able to access information, giving up convenience and losing connectedness. Regression analysis showed equanimity as a significant predictor of nomophobia. The study’s findings hold potential implications for equanimity-based interventions for nomophobia and individual well-being, technological design improvements in the digital age and unfolds areas for future research.