Nominal Structure Research Articles

Defect-Free SiGe/Si Multistacks for Next-Generation CFET Architectures

The advancement of CMOS technology nodes demands increasingly complex device architectures. In this frame, the epitaxial deposition of complicated SiGe/Si multistacks presents a significant technology challenge required to enable such cutting-edge devices. This work presents the characterization of defect-free multistacks featuring SiGe layers with two possible Ge concentrations and incorporating either two or six stacked Si nanosheets. Our comprehensive analysis reveals good matching with the nominal structures and demonstrates remarkable repeatability of the Si channels. Furthermore, the multistacks exhibit ideal surface morphology, crucial for subsequent processing steps. Notably, the study also highlights optimal wafer-to-wafer repeatability, a key factor in ensuring consistent performance across large-scale production.

Probing the relevance of synergistic lipid membrane disruption to the eye irritation of binary mixed nonionic surfactants

Nonionic surfactant aerosols play a crucial role in many industries, but they can cause acute irritation to users’ eyes during spraying. This cytotoxic process is associated with corneal cell necrosis causing cell membrane disruption. Industrial grade surfactants are typically polydisperse mixtures described by their nominal chemical structure but how the polydispersity affects their interactions with cell membrane, remains largely unexplored. A better understanding could benefit product formulations to maximise their efficiency whilst minimising their toxicity to the users. In this study, poly-oxyethylene glycol monododecyl ethers (C12E4, C12E23) were used to form ideal binary surfactant mixtures. The cytotoxicities of mono and polydispersed surfactants towards human corneal epithelial cells were examined, followed by a series of biophysical characterisations of interactions between surfactants and model cell membranes. Notably, to probe the journey of individual C12E4 and C12E23 surfactant molecules across the cell membrane from a binary surfactant mixture, “two-colour” neutron reflection measurements were achieved via Hydrogen/Deuterium substitution. The relative distributions of C12E4 and C12E23 across cell membranes and their nanostructural conformations revealed a synergistic membrane-lytic ability initiated by surfactant mixing, with the more hydrophobic C12E4 exhibiting stronger membrane binding potency than the hydrophilic C12E23. The exact molar ratio of C12E4 against C12E23 in the mixture determined how the mixed surfactant interacted with the cell membrane, and how the process directly impacted cytotoxicity and eye irritation. Thus, the cytotoxicity of polydisperse surfactants is not the same as monodisperse surfactant of the same average structure. This work provides a useful basis for the assessment of surfactant mixing by balancing their efficiency and toxicity.

Exclamativas encubiertas en español

Abstract Since Bosque (1982; 1984a) extrapolated to Spanish grammar the concept of concealed exclamation introduced by Elliot (1971; 1974) and Grimshaw (1979), the analysis of determiner phrases (DPs) such as los libros que le gustan in Ya te imaginas los libros que le gustan and la altura del edificio in Me sorprendió la altura del edificio has not been homogeneous. While some authors agree in analyzing both DPs as concealed exclamations (DPs semantically equivalent to indirect exclamative clauses and arguments of an explicit predicate), others confine this analysis to the latter DP. They analyze the former either as a clause with exclamative import subordinate to an explicit predicate (a quantified clause or a complement clause) or as a DP with exclamative import providing the argument for an explicit predicate which they do not consider a concealed exclamation, but a nominal exclamative structure or a nominal emphatic relative construction. Our goals are: 1) to review the analyses proposed so far for this type of structures, and 2) to put forward an analysis of these DPs characterizing them not as arguments of an explicit predicate, but as genuine DPs that are remnants of grammatical ellipsis. Specifically, they are argued to be subjects of elliptical clauses that are simultaneously indirect exclamatives and predicational copular clauses.

명사절 기능의 의문형 종결 어미

The purpose of this study is to specifically clarify why the interrogative final endings that form a noun clause equivalents appears only in interrogative final endings rather than in other final endings. Additionally, the non-final function of interrogative final endings was explored, and the necessity of discussing certain interrogative final endings as 'Interrogative final endings of noun clause function' was reconsidered. The study aimed to understand why endings that function as nominal clauses appear only in interrogative final endings and why only specific interrogative final endings can be used as nominal clause functions. Furthermore, it discussed why other final endings, despite their ability to be used for other non-final functions, cannot be used as non-final functions of nominal clauses, and why not all interrogative final endings can be used as nominal clause functions. The discussion also covered only the nominal clause structures formed by interrogative final endings can express the meaning area of 'inquiry about an unverified fact,' which existing Korean nominal clauses such as '-(으)ㅁ', '-기’ nominal clauses and '것' noun clause equivalents cannot convey. Finally, it discussed that due to the nominal characteristic of requiring a referent, interrogative final endings like '-느냐', '-는가', '-는지', and '-을까' can be used as nominal clause functions, while other interrogative final endings cannot.

ZIF-8 Vibrational Spectra: Peak Assignments and Defect Signals.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) is a promising material for gas separation applications. It also serves as a prototype for numerous ZIFs, including amorphous ones, with a broader range of possible applications, including sensors, catalysis, and lithography. It consists of zinc coordinated with 2-methylimidazolate (2mIm) and has been synthesized with methods ranging from liquid-phase to solvent-free synthesis, which aim to control its crystal size and shape, film thickness and microstructure, and incorporation into nanocomposites. Depending on the synthesis method and postsynthesis treatments, ZIF-8 materials may deviate from the nominal defect-free ZIF-8 crystal structure due to defects like missing 2mIm, missing zinc, and physically adsorbed 2mIm trapped in the ZIF-8 pores, which may alter its performance and stability. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been used to assess the presence of defects in ZIF-8 and related materials. However, conflicting interpretations by various authors persist in the literature. Here, we systematically investigate ZIF-8 vibrational spectra by combining experimental IR spectroscopy and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations, focusing on assigning peaks and elucidating the spectroscopic signals of putative defects present in the ZIF-8 material. We attempt to resolve conflicting assignments from the literature and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the vibrational spectra of ZIF-8 and its defect-induced variations, aiming toward more precise quality control and design of ZIF-8-based materials for emerging applications.

NOMINALIZED CLAUSES AND DISCOURSE‐GIVENNESS: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIAN*

AbstractIn a seminal paper, Kiparsky & Kiparsky (1970) proposed a two‐way correspondence between presuppositionality of clauses and nominal structure. The proposal remains highly relevant to current research (a.o. Kastner 2015, Bochnak & Hanink 2022), despite the existence of counterexamples in both directions. In this paper, we examine Russian nominalized clauses to show that presuppositionality is indeed neither necessary nor sufficient for nominalization. However, instead of completely discarding the correspondence between presuppositionality and nominalization, we argue for a weaker “preference” hypothesis, whereby presuppositional, or discourse‐given, contexts are associated with a higher likelihood of nominalization compared to discourse‐new contexts. We provide support for the preference hypothesis based on four experimental studies, a forced‐choice and a givenness‐rating study using matrix negation as a proxy for givenness and a forced‐choice and a sentence completion study directly manipulating the discourse context. We suggest a tentative explanation for the preference hypothesis in terms of definiteness/familiarity marking.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4 core nanoparticles coated with TiO2 and ZnO

The room temperature synthesis of the core-shell-shell (CSS) nanoparticles was demonstrated to be green, low-cost, and reproducible. The magnetic core of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was coated with TiO2 and ZnO in two steps. The obtained CSS nanoparticles were extensively characterized by XPS, TEM, XRD, DRS-UV–vis, N2 Physisorption, Electromagnetic, and Raman spectroscopy. XPS analysis revealed that the magnetic core was successfully functionalized with the citric acid. The ratio between the ferric cations (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+) is typically reported to be around two due to the presence of FeO and Fe2O3 to balance the charge in the structure. Nevertheless, XPS results demonstrated that the ratio resulted in higher stability than that of the crystal nominal structure, suggesting that the surface of the CSS is slightly enriched with Fe3+ cations. TEM results indicated an average core diameter of approximately 9±1 nm for Fe3O4 (M-US); the first shell exhibited an average thickness of 3±1 nm, while the ZnO second shell thickness resulted in around 2±1 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis identified inverse spinel, hematite, anatase, and zincite phases in M-US, MT, and MTZ, respectively. Notably, the MTZ sample also contained hematite in addition to inverse spinel. Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy results demonstrated a reduction in the band gap as the shell coverage varied. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms indicated an increase in the surface area as the core nanoparticles were coated with the subsequent shells. Additionally, the coated samples presented a mesoporous structure with a maximum surface area of 110 m2g−1 for the MT material. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of vibrational modes related to TiO2 and ZnO. The core-shell-shell nanoparticles presented suitable electronic properties to potentially be applied in the photodegradation of harmful compounds and azo dyes.

Foreword

Dear Linguistic Enthusiasts and Scholars, It is with our great pleasure to announce that the new issue of Acta Linguistica Asiatica is now available. As you pursue this issue, you will notice a refreshed look inspired by the new outlines of the University of Ljubljana, reflecting our commitment to growth and innovation. We take pride in our dedicated team whose expertise drives our exploration of linguistic intricacies and cultural nuances. This issue features four scientific articles and one review article, offering diverse perspectives on Chinese and Japanese as the East Asian languages in focus. We extend our heartfelt gratitude to all contributors and reviewers whose scholarly rigor enriches our journal. To begin with, Tereza SLAMĚNÍKOVÁ and David UHER wrote an article entitled “Rhythmical Features of Spontaneous Spoken Narrative in Mandarin Chinese”, in which they introduce and expand a notation system for teaching Chinese rhythm pioneered by Oldřich Švarný, a Czech phonetician. They analyze spontaneous speech to outline rhythmical features in personal narratives and compare these features with a contemporary understanding of Chinese speech rhythm, showcasing the applicability of Švarný’s framework in diverse spoken discourses. Following is the work by KUANG Lincai “A Colexficational Analysis of Chū in Modern Chinese” that deals with directional verbs in modern Chinese, in particular with chū. The author delves into colexification and mechanisms surrounding chū, using the CLICS3 database. It explores colexified pairs of chū and constructs a colexificational network, emphasizing conceptual metaphor and metonymy as core mechanisms. Yet another scientific paper was authored by YANG Yongzhong and is entitled “The Structure of Chinese Compounds: The Perspective of Predicative Implicitness”, which explored Chinese nominal compounds' structure, relations, generation, and constraints, emphasizing predicate implicitness. Findings reveal varying constituent functions aligning morphological and syntactic structures, and the author offers a detailed account of their hierarchy. Trang PHAN and Giang VU submitted the paper “Wh-questions in Japanese: Challenges for Vietnamese L2 learners” in which they explored how Vietnamese learners handle structural differences in Japanese wh-questions. Results showed a correlation between Japanese proficiency and performance. Though learners were evaluated as more accurate with mirrored word orders, advanced learners also struggled with native-like interpretations. The study suggests explicit instruction to enhance accuracy in teaching. Last but not least is the survey article by Duc Du HUYNH, “Sino-Vietnamese Bilingual Dictionaries from the Middle Ages to the Present”, in which the author thoroughly surveys Sino-Vietnamese bilingual dictionaries from the Middle Ages to the Modern Ages, often overlooked in scholarly discourse. It delineates their evolution, regional differences, and historical context, aiming to catalyze further research in this field. Editors and Editorial Board invite the regular and new readers to engage with the content, to question, challenge, and reflect. We hope you have a pleasant read full of inspiration and a rise of new research ideas inspired by these papers. Editors

Linguistic Characteristics of Research Article Titles in National and International ELT Journals

Researchers have extensively studied the linguistic characteristics of research article (RA) titles. However, no research has investigated RA titles viewed from research design types published in national and international English Language Teaching (ELT) journals. Thus, the present study aims to fill this gap by investigating the average word length, syntactic structure, and syntactic structure type based on research design. This study used a comparative mixed method design to analyze 120 RA titles published in 2022-2023. The average length of titles was analyzed by counting the parts of speech of the tiles, the syntactic structures of titles were analyzed using the Framework of Cheng et al. (2012), and syntactic structure types based on research design were analyzed by reading the method section of the articles. Results indicate that the average length of the RA titles was 12 words in national journals and 13 words in international journals. Nominal structure was the most used RA title type in national journals, while compound structure was the most used in international journals. Furthermore, the nominal structure was often used for experimental design in international journals, while it was often used for descriptive study design in national journals. The compound and Verb-ing phrase structures were often used for case study design in both international and national journals. In conclusion, there are important differences and similarities in RA title characteristics between the two groups of ELT journal rankings. The findings contribute to the scholarship on the contrastive aspect of titling practices in English for Publishing Purposes.

Exploring English Translation Strategies Oriented by Big Data Technology

Abstract English translation is not a simple task, and it needs to be translated on the basis of different languages and cultures in order to get the ideal translation effect and promote cross-cultural communication between different languages. In this paper, with the help of web crawler technology to crawl the Chinese-English translation corpus data, and use the inverse document frequency and dynamic planning ideas to align the corpus data, the Chinese-English translation corpus is established. The LDA model is used to mine subject information in the Chinese-English translation corpus, and edge distribution estimation is used to construct the English translation model. For the application of the translation model and the Chinese-English translation corpus in improving the quality and effect of English translation, the word and sentence features, target word blocks, and the comparison of language features of human-computer translation from the Chinese-English corpus are verified in various aspects. The results show that the class/formant ratio of the source language in the corpus is between 56.73% and 75.84%, its average word length fluctuates in the range of [3.91,5.62], and the target word chunks of the English text are mainly based on nominal and verbal structures. The English translation model has a less significant discrepancy in other language features than human translation, except for the difference of 4.526 between sentence lengths. English translation needs to adopt a reasonable annotation method, semantic conversion, and technical tools to improve the quality of English translation.

Spelling out the Kirundi augment


 The Kirundi augment is a vowel found before noun class prefixes. I argue that the augment is an epenthetic vowel whose surface characteristics, including deletion, retention and weight, are conditioned by prosodic structure. While the augments of different noun classes present apparent asymmetries, my account unifies all surface representations under a single underlying structure. My arguments mainly focus on three nominal structures: simple nominals (syntactically φP), locative phrases (PP) and linker phrases (KP). I draw on the argument that both nP and DP are syntactic phases that correspond to prosodic words, as well as the observation that epenthetic vowels commonly pattern as weightless to quantity-sensitive phonological processes.

On the left periphery of the Kirundi noun phrase

In this paper, we examine the structure of Kirundi nominals and the elements that appear on their left periphery, in particulardemonstratives, the locative prefixes mu, ku and i, and the nominal linker na. We analyze these structures from the perspective of the phonology-syntax interface. We show that the Universal Spine Hypothesis, which assumes a fixed order of the functional categories inside the nominal, allows us to explain both the syntactic properties and phonological realization of nominals and demonstrative, locative and linker phrases. We conclude that all of these elements have different syntactic statuses and semantic roles in the nominal structure, despite some previous claims in the literature. Our proposal also adds to the typological picture of the structure of nominal and locative phrases and the role of the augment in Bantu.

A note on the mixed properties of the nominal structure in Polish

Abstract The aim of this paper is to highlight certain similarities between Polish and Bulgarian with respect to the selected NP/DP criteria compiled by Bošković (2012. On NPs and clauses. In Günther Grewendorf & Thomas Ede Zimmermann (eds.), Discourse and grammar: From sentence types to lexical categories, 179–242. Berlin: De Gruyter). In the course of the discussion, Negative Raising with idioms and quantifier – negation interaction, definite/indefinite contrasts in the context of sub-extraction, as well as exhaustive presupposition are taken into consideration. On the basis of the data, I put forward an analysis of the Polish facts which draws upon Tasseva-Kurktchieva and Dubinsky’s (2018. On the NP/DP frontier: Bulgarian as a transitional case. In Steven Franks, Virinda Chidambaram, Brian Joseph & Ilyana Krapova (eds.), Studies in Bulgarian Morphosyntax in Honor of Catherine Rudin, 287–312. Bloomington, IN: Slavica) account of the DEF(initeness) feature on the D head (which they use to argue for Bulgarian as a ‘weak’ DP language). Despite certain similarities between the two languages, Polish actually seems to resemble English in terms of the specific coding of this feature. The analysis suggests that (unlike in Bulgarian) DEF on D in Polish is not intrinsically valued (+int, +val), but rather receives a specific value in the course of the syntactic derivation.

Adsorption Mechanism Elucidation of Anionic Congo Red onto Modified Magnetic Nanoparticle Structures by Quantum Chemical and Molecular Dynamics

Magnetite was chemically treated with an active 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-1-propanethiol, to prepare TMSPT-FCMNPs with controlled morphology, stability, and low spin-orbit quantum properties. It was characterized using hyphenated FESEM- AFM, FTIR, XRD, AAS for successful adsorption of anionic Congo red (CR) dye, from real wastewater samples with high recoveries at different conditions. The low spin gives rise to enhanced pseudo 2nd order kinetics so that capacities reached 228.78 (mg g−1) under Freundlich isothermal conditions with spontaneous and enthalpy directed thermodynamics. QSDFT, DFT and NLDFT, proved that the average Cassie approximation contact angle for CR/TMSPT-FCMNP is about 96.228o, which agrees with the requirements for spin orbit QM and low spin calculations. HSE06 calculations showed that FCMNPs have a cubic nominal inverse spinel structure with bulk FeTet3+(S=−5/2) configuration, and equal distribution of FeOct2+(S=2) and FeOct3+(S=5/2). Spin reordering could be obtained so that FeOct−Tet3+ has d5 (t2g5−eg0) low spin configuration, while the FeOct2+ has d6 (t2g6−eg0) low spin configuration and FeTet2+ has d6 (t2g4−eg2) high spin configuration at the optimized molar ratio (0.5) with MExperimentalnet=+3.97μB per formula unit is obtained. NBO studies augmented the CR/TMSPT-FCMNPs system stability as described by the energy gaps between HOMO and LUMO orbitals. The 4 binding affinity components ΔGelectrostatic, ΔGvanderWaals, ΔGpolar, and ΔGSASA were typically -47.308, -2.765, 28.546, -7.17 kJ/mol.

Few-femtosecond electronic and structural rearrangements of driven by the Jahn-Teller effect.

The Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) is central to the understanding of the physical and chemical properties of a broad variety of molecules and materials. Whereas the manifestations of the JTE in stationary properties of matter are relatively well studied, the study of JTE-induced dynamics is still in its infancy, largely owing to its ultrafast and non-adiabatic nature. For example, the time scales reported for the distortion of from the initial geometry to a nominal relaxed structure range from 1.85 fs over 10 ± 2 fs to 20 ± 7 fs. Here, by combining element-specific attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy and quantum-dynamics simulations, we show that the initial electronic relaxation occurs within 5 fs and that the subsequent nuclear dynamics are dominated by the Q2 scissoring and Q1 symmetric stretching modes, which dephase in 41 ± 10 fs and 13 ± 3 fs, respectively. Significant structural relaxation is found to take place only along the e-symmetry Q2 mode. These results demonstrate that created by ionization of is best thought of as a highly fluxional species that possesses a long-time-averaged vibrational distribution centered around a structure. The methods demonstrated in our work provide guidelines for the understanding of Jahn-Teller driven non-adiabatic dynamics in other more complex systems.

A HYBRID ANALYSIS OF THE FRENCH PRONOUN EN*

AbstractThis paper puts forward a novel account of the clitic pronoun en in French. It is shown that previous analyses cannot account for the rich nominal structure involved in en‐pronominalization, in particular structures with stranded DP‐internal remnants. The analysis proposed sees en‐pronominalization as a hybrid between pronominalization and ellipsis, which includes DP‐internal focus movement for the stranded remnants. It will be argued that en itself is best analyzed as being derived from an nP within the DP, even when it seemingly pronominalizes the entire DP. Following Cinque (2010), the analysis presented here also assumes that only modifiers of the indirect kind can be stranded by en‐pronominalization.

Nominal linkers in Iranian languages: An introduction

In some languages, a noun is linked to some of its modifiers and complements via a linking element. The cross-linguistic variation that is observed with respect to the properties and functions of nominal linkers has made their study an excellent area of research contributing to both the theory and the typology of linkers, and more broadly, to the study of nominals. Despite the importance of nominal linkers, however, a collection that solely focuses on this phenomenon has been noticeably absent in the literature. The use of nominal linkers is a prevalent feature in many Iranian languages. In this volume, we provide a description of a wide range of patterns of nominal linkers in eleven Iranian languages, delving into the intriguing behaviour of such elements and their interaction with other morphosyntactic markers. The papers in this volume are the result of research conducted under the “The Syntax of Nominal Linkers” project at the University of Toronto, funded by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) Insight Grant (#435-2018-0527). To our knowledge, this volume is the first of its kind dedicated entirely to a single phenomenon in Iranian linguistics. We hope that this volume serves as a valuable resource for a wide range of readers, including researchers interested in nominal modification, nominal linkers, and nominal structures in general, as well as researchers and language instructors interested in Iranian languages.

Feature licensing and the number interpretation of bare nominals in Wolof

Crosslinguistically, bare nominals (BNs) are often number-neutral, i.e., their number interpretation does not imply any commitment to a singular or plural interpretation. I show that BNs in Wolof are singular, unless plural morphology is exponed within the nominal. I propose a version of Kalin’s (2017; 2018; 2019) framework of nominal licensing whereby certain interpretable features require licensing by the operation Agree, i.e. they are “derivational time bombs” that must be “defused” by this operation. Specifically, I argue that the feature [+Num : PL] in Wolof nominals fall under this category. I assume that all nominals in Wolof, bare and full, can in principle be singular or plural. In the derivation of a sentence containing a BN in the object position, if the BN is [+Num : SG], it converges because there is no derivational time bomb to be defused. Conversely, if the BN is [+Num : PL], no probe can Agree with this feature, causing the derivation to crash because a derivational time bomb was defused. The BN is obligatorily singular because this is the only possible convergent derivation. However, if the BN merges with nominal structure that contains a number probe, [+Num : PL] can be defused, so that the corresponding construal can arise. This probe surfaces as an agreeing relative complementizer or possessum agreement. The singular interpretation of BNs in Wolof thus arises as a conspiracy between the need to license [+Num : PL] and the restrictions and resources available within the nominal a BN is embedded into. This analysis offers an analysis as to why BNs in Wolof do not follow the number-neutrality tendency found in other BN languages and it also provides support for the view that the licensing of interpretable features may be a driving force in the syntactic derivation.

A Corpus-Based Study of the Dependency Distance Differences in English Academic Writing

Dependency distance has increasingly become a key measure of interest in cross-linguistic corpus studies from multiple perspectives. Based on a syntactically annotated corpus of 400 PhD dissertation abstracts written by native English (L1) and English as a foreign language (L2) academic writers, the current study investigated the mean dependency distance (MDD) variation across language backgrounds and disciplines, which is followed by a grammatical description based on fine-grained indices related to particular syntactic structures. The findings include: (1) L2 academic writers produce an averagely longer MDD than L1 academic writers because of their heavy use of prepositional phrases; (2) The MDD of the linguistics abstracts is significantly longer than that of the physics & chemistry abstracts because of the relatively higher syntactic complexity of the language of linguistics. The findings suggest that MDD can effectively differentiate academic texts with different language backgrounds and disciplines, that both L1 and L2 academic writers write under the constraint of dependency distance minimization, and that L2 PhD dissertation writers have achieved native-like writing proficiency in extending nominal structures.

Mechanical Characterisation and Simulation of the Tensile Behaviour of Polymeric Additively Manufactured Lattice Structures

BackgroundThe mechanical properties of lattice structures have been primarily investigated using uniaxial compression loads. Particularly for polymers, tensile properties are rarely considered because of the difficulties of defining a suitable specimen design in which the fracture occurs within the gauge length.ObjectiveThis work proposes a novel formulation to obtain a specimen for the tensile test with a gradation of the lattice density at the interface with the bulk portion, which realises a uniform stress distribution. The aim is to combine a localisation of the fracture in the gauge length with a specimen geometry accomplishing the EN ISO 527 standard and analyse the correlation between the mechanical performance and the defects induced by the process on such thin structures.MethodsThe formulation is experimentally and numerically (FEM) tested by designed specimens with different cell topology, cell size, strut diameter, and number of cells in the sample thickness. Also, results from uniaxial compression tests are used to validate the tensile properties. The specimens are manufactured in different orientations in the building volume by laser powder bed fusion with Polyamide 12. The effects of the pores morphology, distribution, and inherent anisotropy are investigated using X-ray computed tomography analysis. This data is also used to tune a numerical model.ResultsThe numerical analysis showed a uniform stress distribution; experimentally, the fracture is localised inside the gauge length in respect of the ISO standard. Remarkably, among the different strut-based architectures, the elongation at break is, in the best case, 50% of the corresponding bulk material, while the tensile strengths are comparable. Vertical printed specimens exhibited a slight decrease in tensile strength, and the elongation at break was lower than 50% compared to the counterparts built along the horizontal orientation. Modifying the numerical model according to process-related dimensional deviations between the actual and the nominal structures significantly improved the numerical results. The remaining deviation highlighted the incorrectness of modelling the lattice material from the bulk properties.ConclusionDensity gradation is a reliable approach for describing the tensile behaviour of polymeric lattice structures. However, the lower amount of porosity and the different shape in the lattice led to a different material mechanical performance with respect to the corresponding bulk counterpart. Therefore, for polymeric lattice structures, the relationship between process-design-material appears crucial for correctly representing the structure behaviour.