Nominal Operating Cell Temperature Research Articles

Wind Velocity and Forced Heat Transfer Model for Photovoltaic Module

This study proposes a computational model to define the wind velocity of the environment on the photovoltaic (PV) module via heat transfer concepts. The effect of the wind velocity and PV module is mostly considered a cooling effect. However, cooling and controlling the PV module temperature leads to the capability to optimize the PV module efficiency. The present study applied a nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) condition of the PV module as a reference condition to determine the wind velocity and PV module temperature. The obtained model has been examined in contrast to the experimental heat transfer equation and outdoor PV module performance. The results display a remarkable matching of the model with experiments. The model’s novelty defines the PV module temperature in relation to the wind speed, PV module size, and various ambient temperatures that were not included in previous studies. The suggested model could be used in PV module test specification and provide analytical evaluation.

A study of preheating liquid desiccant and its effect on the performance of a PV/T system

When photovoltaic (PV) cells operate, their electrical efficiency decreases due to a rise in temperature. To counteract this, Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems have been created to maintain PV cell electrical performance and utilize the heat they release to warm fluids. A low temperature is required for liquid desiccant regeneration, which allows for the possibility of using the heat released by PV cells to preheat a unit prior to the main heating unit. This study investigates the use of an aluminum cold plate with a serpentine tube placed behind a PV panel to transfer heat dissipated by PV cells to a desiccant solution. Two desiccant solutions were tested: lithium chloride (LiCl) and potassium formate (KCOOH). Using COMSOL Multiphysics, three-dimensional CFD simulations were conducted to analyze the temperature of both the photovoltaic cells and the solution exiting the cold plate. The simulation results were then used to determine the hybrid system's electrical, thermal, and overall efficiencies. Under nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) conditions, the total efficiency of the hybrid system was 57.15 % and 55.28 % when using LiCl and KCOOH solutions, respectively, with a cold plate inlet temperature of 25 °C and a mass flow rate of 30 g.s-1. Given the similar efficiency of the system and the lower corrosiveness and cost of KCOOH solution compared to LiCl solution, the study concluded that using KCOOH solution is more appropriate. Simulations were conducted under NOCT conditions to compare the system's performance using desiccant solution and water. As expected, the thermodynamic properties of water resulted in a greater decrease in temperature and increased cell efficiency, but using the desiccant solution directly in the cold plate for cooling eliminated the need for an additional heat exchanger in the system.

An artificial neural network-based performance model of triple-junction InGaP/InGaAs/Ge cells for the production estimation of concentrated photovoltaic systems

Analytical and empirical models analyze complex and non-linear interactions between the input–output parameters of the system. This is very important in the case of photovoltaic systems to understand their real performance potential. On the other hand, manufacturers of photovoltaic panels rate the maximum performance of the system under fixed lab conditions as per standard testing conditions (STCs) or nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) standards of IEC. These ratings do not provide the actual production potential of the system in a field with fluctuating conditions of irradiance and temperature. For the case of a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system, utilizing multi-junction solar cells (MJCs), there is no commercial tool available to analyze the performance and production, despite some recent empirical models that also require post-processing of experimental data to be used in conventional models. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based performance model is presented for a multi-junction solar cell, which is not only convenient to apply but can also be easily expanded to predict the real-field performance of the CPV system of any designed size. In addition, the ANN-based model showed a high accuracy of 99.9% in predicting the performance output of MJCs as compared to diode-based empirical models available in the literature. The irradiance concentration at the cell area and the cell temperature are taken as inputs for the neural network. If both of these parameters are known, then the cell efficiency as an output can accurately predict the CPV performance for a field operation.

Investigating photovoltaic module performance using aluminium heat sink and forced cold-air circulation method in tropical climate conditions

Solar energy is seen as a good option to replace fossil fuels in electricity generation. However, PV panels produce unnecessary heat energy during power generation which increases the temperature and affects the efficiency of PV cells. This article investigates the performance of PV modules using aluminum heat sinks and forced air cooling techniques. A cooling circuit configuration connecting a 6-inch pipe plenum with 5 T-shaped pipes is installed under the solar cell to provide better cold air distribution to the PV panels. The study was conducted on-site and in real-time conditions in a public hospital with high energy consumption as it operates continuously throughout the year. The combination of the two methods has optimized the performance of solar panels in terms of efficiency and electrical energy output. The average electrical efficiency of the studied PV panels is 17% and is very close to the PV module efficiency of 19.38% under standard test conditions (STC). The actual energy yield recorded for the installed PV panel is 12.35% higher than the estimated solar energy output under nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) conditions. The results of the study show that solar energy generation can be optimized by considering the design, use of materials and proper cooling methods even when using the same solar panel.

Selection of a Photovoltaic Panel Cooling Technique Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis

Photovoltaic panel performance in terms of its efficiency and durability is severely affected by operating temperature when the temperature is much higher than the nominal operating cell temperature in hot climates. Different cooling methods have been reported over several decades, but photovoltaic panel manufacturers or users are yet to adopt a popular method of panel cooling. This is the main concern of the present work. Potential cooling solutions differ in terms of their criteria for performance evaluation, which are efficiency enhancement, costs, reliability, environmental aspects and ergonomics. Hence, there is a need to identify the optimum cooling method. Eight different cooling methods were identified, and the analysis was made with the multi-criteria analysis tool on the different possible attributes. Two different climate zones with different weight schemes are considered for the evaluation process, and the best to the worst cooling solutions have been identified. Five different scenarios depending on the importance given to each evaluation criterion are analyzed. The best cooling method to the worst cooling method has been arranged under each scenario. When the efficiency of operation was given maximum weight, aluminum fin cooling proved to be the best panel cooling method. When the emission reduction criterion was given maximum weight, thermosiphon cooling was the best cooling option. A comparison of the results indicates that thermosiphon works out to be the best option. The second-best method was found to be forced convection cooling when equal weights were applied and thermosiphon cooling when a 40% weight on efficiency enhancement criteria was applied, which is a more practical weight distribution. Phase change cooling and forced convection cooling had the poorest performance among the different cooling methods for all the weighing scenarios.

DM System of Residential Loads with Integrated Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract: In the world, many new imminent technologies are premeditated and introduced to lessen the carbon emission and various summit takes places every year. Moreover, the countless scholars are betrothed in the field of renewable resources like solar energy, wind energy and various renewable sources across the globe. This technology gap put forth the new innovation of emission control with energy management topology. An AC small micro-grid system with Renewable energy sources like an EV, DG are implemented and mainly controlling of load shift for domestic residential applications are designed. In case of PV, the controlling of temperature plays a vital role in this design, whereas the conditions like Standard Test Condition and Nominal Operating Cell Temperature modes are intended. Furthermore, the secondary backup support system like battery (EV) are aimed to provide non interrupted power deliver in the scenarios of lower irradiance, moreover D-Q algorithm optimization are used to AC load regulation and this design simulated using MATLAB.

Review on agrophotovoltaic systems with a premise on thermal management of photovoltaic modules therein.

Agrophotovoltaics (APV) is the coexistence of solar photovoltaics (PV) and agriculture on the same piece of land. Although the concept of APV is known for the last two decades, its actual penetration in society is inconsiderable. The objective of the current article is to discuss the various APV systems explored in the past and to highlight the futuristic APVs. Furthermore, this study presents the review of the available experimental work on the performance and environmental and techno-economic aspects of the APV systems. The key features, crop selection criteria, feasible crops for Indian climatic conditions, and the future research directions of APV systems have been summarized. Furthermore, apart from the known techno-economic benefits of APV, a premise on its another utility for the thermal management of the solar PV modules by crops' natural transpiration cooling has been presented in this study. A theoretical study demonstrates the gain in the electrical output of the solar PV plant as compared with the conventional PV installation. The theoretical study has been carried out considering the meteorological data of Nagpur (21.1458° N, 79.0882° E). The estimation has been carried out using Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT) model, NREL irradiance database-NSRDB, and System Advisor Model (SAM). An experimental study has been conducted on APV systems with a 2-kW solar PV plant and tomato crops to investigate its actual performance. The study shows an increment of 17.96% in the daily energy generation as compared with the conventional solar PV power plant.

Impact and performance efficiency analysis of grid-tied solar photovoltaic system based on installation site environmental factors

The performance of solar photovoltaic systems tends to decline if the operating conditions change from the nominal operating cell temperature due to environmental factors. The major factors include temperature and humidity variations, which cause thermal losses and open-circuit voltage drops in photovoltaic panels. This study investigates the correlations between solar photovoltaic performance and environmental factors by quantifying the real-time variables including temperature, humidity, dewpoint temperature, and heat index. Furthermore, the study investigates the difference between real-time measured and theoretically calculated temperature values with the help of weather station data to investigate the impact of temperature difference on the overall percentage power loss of the systems. The panels were installed at three distinct sites (rooftop, parking shed, and ground-mounted) connected to the same grid-tied system. Results reveal that the photovoltaic panel temperature has an inverse relation with the dew temperature and the humidity of the surrounding environment. The heat index value was found slightly less at the peak solar hours during the 24 h cycle of the measurement. The difference and relationship between temperature and humidity are measured and losses are highlighted based on the instantaneous occurrence of variables. Based on a difference between measured and calculated temperature values, results reveal that PV systems faced 27.95%, 5.41%, and 0.82% power losses for ground, roof, and parking installed PV systems, respectively.

Modeling and optimization of photovoltaic serpentine type thermal solar collector with thermal energy storage system for hot water and electricity generation for single residential building.

Increasing surface temperature has a significant effect on the electrical performance of photovoltaic (PV) panels. A closed-loop forced circulation serpentine tube design of cooling water system was used in this study for effectively management of the surface temperature of PV panels. A real-time experiment was first carried out with a PV panel with a cooling system at heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rates of 60kgh-1, 120kgh-1, and 180kgh-1. Based on the experimentation, a correlation for a nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) and thermal efficiency for collector was developed for experimental validation of useful energy gained, cell temperature, and electric power generation. The developed correlations were validated with the use of electric power electrical power and useful energy gained in photovoltaic serpentine thermal solar collector (PV/STSC) and fitting into the experimental results with a deviation of 1% and 2.5% respectively. Further, with the help of developed correlations, a system was developed in the TRNSYS tool through which an optimization study was performed based on electric and hot water demand. The findings indicated an optimal system with an 8-m2 PV/STSC area, a HTF flow rate of 60kgh-1, and thermal energy storage (TES) system having a volume and height of 280l and 0.8m could meet 91% and 33% of the hot water demand for Ac loads and 78% or DC loads, respectively.

Photovoltaic performance assess by correcting the I-V curves in outdoor tests

The photovoltaic performance is conventionally defined at Standard Test Conditions (STC), considering mainly an irradiance of 1000 W/m2 and device temperature of 25 °C. Nevertheless, outdoor conditions involve additional variables, including their transient behavior, affecting the performance. Therefore, measuring the performance at STC in outdoor tests is not always possible. In order to estimate the performance at STC or other power rating conditions such as the Nominal Operating Cell Temperature (NOCT), this work translated the outdoor performance at the target conditions by combining three different I-V curves and corresponding weather data for three photovoltaic technologies. Hence, a random process was proposed to generate the dataset to be translated, ensuring reliability in the estimation due to the significant number of considered weather conditions combinations, covering a wide range of the outdoor performance behavior as a function of irradiance and temperature. Besides, the dataset was filtered using an irradiance and extrapolation range, improving the estimation by calculating relative error of less than 8% at STC and NOCT concerning the datasheet values. Finally, the procedure was extended to estimate the temperature coefficients allowing a complete performance validation concerning the datasheet.

A novel cooler block design for photovoltaic thermal systems and performance evaluation using factorial design

Photovoltaic (PV) cells have the capacity to absorb up to 80% of incoming solar radiation, converting a part of this radiation into electricity. The power output of PV panels are rated at 25 °C and an increase over this nominal operating cell temperature causes a decrease in the energy conversion efficiency of PV panels when compared to the rated power. With photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems, it is possible to reduce the panel temperature and thus increase the electrical efficiency, and simultaneously obtain electrical and thermal energy. Various thermal collector designs used in PVTs have been studied experimentally and numerically in the literature. In the present study, a detailed literature review for such thermal collector designs was carried out and then a novel cooler design that is different from the designs existing in the literature was developed, manufactured and tested. The effect of the present design on the efficiency of the PVT system was analyzed experimentally and statistically. Experiments were designed by factorial design approach and carried out in laboratory conditions. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed for the electrical and thermal efficiencies of the PVT system presently studied. Experiments were carried out at volumetric flow rates of 0.55 L/min, 1.1 L/min and 1.65 L/min and radiation values of 300 W/m2, 600 W/m2, and 900 W/m2. The highest electrical efficiency of the PVT system was 17.69% at 900 W/m2 and 1.65 L/min and the thermal efficiency 58.5% at 900 W/m2 and 0.55 L/min. When compared with the electrical efficiency of the conventional PV panel at 900 W/m2 radiation, it was observed that the electrical efficiency of the novel design increased by 4.67%. In addition, it was observed that the electrical efficiency decreased and the thermal efficiency increased with the increase of the panel temperature.

Colored optic filters on c‐Si IBC solar cells for building integrated photovoltaic applications

AbstractBuilding Integrated Photovoltaic systems can produce a significant portion of the energy demand of urban areas. Despite their potential, they remain a niche technology that architects and project engineers still find esthetically limited. The dark blue or black color of standard photovoltaic panels is considered inappropriate for restoration projects of historic buildings and represents a major constraint on the development of new projects. This work will provide insight into how the use of optic filters can offer new pathways for architectural acceptance of photovoltaic panels. Optic filters selectively reflect or transmit light by interference and can be designed and fabricated using cost‐effective and industrially compatible processes. By using in‐house developed ray tracing software coupled with TCAD Sentaurus, more than 400 colors were obtained, and their impact on the opto‐electrical performance of interdigitated back‐contacted solar cells was studied. Results show a maximum efficiency loss of 1.6% absolute at the perpendicular incidence of light on the range of obtained colors when compared with a standard dark blue solar cell. Simulations for different angles of incidence showed that the current reduction on the standard device could be modeled using a cosine relationship. The colored cells, however, deviated significantly from this relationship. We propose that the angular behavior of any cell (colored or standard) could be simulated by modifying the effective irradiance with scaling factors equal to the ratios of the photogenerated current at any angle with respect to the value at normal incidence. We demonstrate that this approach accurately models the effect of the color filter and allows for an easy transition from a bare cell to an encapsulated one. Due to the spectral effect of the filter, we developed both a spectrally resolved optical model and a two‐dimensional finite volume transient thermal model. In case of the optical model, we demonstrate an accuracy in the prediction of the reflectance produced by the color with values of mean bias error (MBE) between 2.0% and 3.9%. As for the thermal model, it was validated by first analyzing a standard model under conditions of nominal operating cell temperature and then comparing its results with published scientific literature. Later, we compare its prediction against 2 weeks of measurements. In both cases the thermal model proves an adequate accuracy, yielding differences below 1.5°C with respect to other scientific works and an MBE value of 0.89°C as well as a root‐mean‐square error value of 2.10°C for the entire measurement period. With the validated models, we studied the effect of the encapsulation on the color perception. We present two options of color filters. The first one produces relatively low reflectance losses and presents relative annual direct current (DC) energy losses of up to 6.4% for Delft, in the Netherlands, and up to 5.9% for Alice Springs in Australia. However, this first option has very poor color brightness. The second studied filter produces highly saturated bright colors. Improving brightness can increase the annual DC relative losses up to 13.7% and 13.5% for Delft and Alice Springs, respectively. Overall, we demonstrate that colored filters based on multilayer optical stacks are a versatile option for coloring cells that allow a good compromise between esthetics and performance.

Performance analysis on combined heat and power of photovoltaic-thermal module integrated with phase change material-water storage

Use of phase change material (PCM) to generate temperature stratification in water storage tank coupled with unglazed photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module for combined heat and power generation enhancement was investigated by experimental and numerical analyses. In the experiment, RT42 PCM having melting point of 38–43 °C was filled in a packed-bed of 40 mm diameter spherical capsules contained in a 220 L water storage tank connecting with four units of 200 Wp (watt peak) unglazed PVT module in series. The experiments were performed outdoor with the water mass flow rates of 2.4 and 5.8 LPM. One-dimensional finite difference enthalpy method was used to predict the water and PCM ball temperatures in the tank. The PVT thermal performance was evaluated similarly to that of solar thermal collector, and the electrical performance was calculated from nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) approach. It could be noticed that the simulated results on the water and the PCM ball temperatures including the module temperature and the maximum generated electrical power of PVT modules agreed well with the experimental data. The model was used to predict the electrical and overall (both thermal and electrical) efficiencies of the PVT modules by considering the positions of the PCM packed-bed, the PCM amount, the circulating water mass flow rate, and the PCM type. It could be found that the position of the packed-bed did not give effect on the PVT module performances but increase of the PCM amount generated higher water temperature stratification in the storage tank which resulted in higher PVT module efficiencies especially in the afternoon. The circulating water also did not give strong effect on the total PVT module performances. For PCM with low melting point, the PVT module performances were higher but the water temperature in the storage tank might be too low for hot water utilization.

Evaluation of nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) of glazed photovoltaic thermal module

Nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) was commonly used to evaluate photovoltaic (PV) module temperature and this term is provided by the manufacturer but in case of photovoltaic thermal module, the NOCT was not fixed and varied with the circulating fluid mass flow rate and its temperature. In this study, a novel approach on NOCT evaluation of glazed photovoltaic thermal (PVTg) module for combined heat and power generation was presented by modifying the method of solar collector testing for water heating. The thermal characteristics in terms of optical and heat loss performances and finally the NOCT at various water flow rates and inlet temperatures could be evaluated. Experimental tests were performed with a PVTg module under Chiang Mai climate, and it could be founded that the calculated module temperature, the outlet hot water temperature and the generated electrical power agreed well with the experimental results. Monthly performance of this module was also evaluated and compared with unglazed PVT and conventional PV modules each having the same solar photovoltaic cell type. The average generated electrical outputs were 28.07, 31.89, and 30.38 kWh/month, respectively, while the glazed and the unglazed PVT modules could generate average thermal energy of 119.19 and 101.40 kWh/month, respectively.

Comparative study of temperature distribution impact on prediction accuracy of simulation approaches for poly and mono crystalline solar modules

The experimental data from the performance of a 300 W poly and a 300 W mono crystalline solar module are gathered during a year, and then, it is employed to evaluate the relation between the standard deviation of temperature distribution on the surface of module and error in prediction of different simulation approaches. The values of error in prediction of working temperature, current, voltage, and power, as the four main key performance parameters of a solar module are obtained for nominal operating cell temperature, nominal module operating temperature, as well as one, two, and three dimensional numerical modeling approaches, as the most popular methods in the literature during the annual performance. The image-processing refined pictures obtained from a high-resolution thermal imaging camera are also employed for the calculation of the standard deviation of temperature distribution. The results demonstrate that the methods used in the engineering applications, like nominal operating cell temperature and nominal module operating temperature, lose their accuracy at the high level of the standard deviation of temperature distribution, i.e., around 15 °C. In addition, voltage and temperature are found as the parameters with the lowest and highest dependencies on the standard deviation of temperature distribution. The maximum values of error for prediction of power by one, two, and three dimensional numerical modeling approaches are also 14.4, 11.4, and 9.6% for the poly crystalline module, and 8.5, 6.3, and 5.2% for the mono type, respectively.

IEC 61215-2의 공칭모듈동작온도 시험특성 분석

The operating temperature of photovoltaic module plays an important role in affecting the energy yield of photovoltaic power generation. However, due to the difficulty of calculating operating temperature accurately, operating temperature has been estimated and applied through the certified test standard of photovoltaic module which is generally in wide use and the revised IEC 61215:2005 Nominal operating cell temperature and IEC 61215-2:2016 Nominal module operating temperature. This paper found the features of the parameters used to calculate Nominal operating cell temperature value, and analyzed the effect of wind speed on operating temperature among one of the parameters. The test standard of IEC 61215-2-:2016 suggests that data collection should be done 4 hours before and afternoon. But after analyzing the collected data by linear regression, by analyzing morning data it can be known that the unequal distribution was formed during the active period of photovoltaic module because of non-linear data cluster, the data before 10 a.m. was excluded, which maintained the graph in linear form by eliminating skewed non-linear temperature distribution. Also, the deviation of nominal module operating temperature could be reduced, and the result of increasing correlation coefficient could be confirmed.

Feasibility of Solar Tracking System for PV Panel in Sunbelt Region

In the study of the feasibility of solar tracking systems for crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) panels in hot and cold regions, it is argued recently that a tracking system is not necessary for sunbelt countries owing to the overheating that results from excessive exposure to solar irradiance. This conclusion has been formulated based on a mathematical model, which in turn is based on the assumption that the PV module temperature can be calculated using an empirical relation of this temperature to ambient temperature, available solar irradiance, and nominal operation cell temperature (NOCT). To support this conclusion, it is claimed that the mathematical model is validated experimentally. However, this assumption is vague and widely used in the literature. The objective of the present work is to reevaluate the above-mentioned assumption and to discuss the results deriving from it. It is shown experimentally in the present work that the above-mentioned assumption overestimates the PV module temperature. At a solar irradiance of 900 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , ambient temperature of 25 °C, and wind speed of 5 m/s, the measured PV module temperature is lower than the value calculated based on the mentioned assumption by 29.26%.

Employing genetic programming to find the best correlation to predict temperature of solar photovoltaic panels

The best function form to predict the panel’s temperature (Tpanel) is found for a product family of polycrystalline solar panels, with the nominal capacities of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 320 W. For this purpose, genetic programming is used. Experimental data recorded throughout a year is employed while in addition to solar radiation, ambient temperature, and wind velocity, ambient relative humidity is also considered as one effective parameter. First, the best function form is obtained and verified for the 40 W panel, and then, the generalization capability of that is checked for other panels. Moreover, the prediction ability of the best found function form in comparison to the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) and nominal module operating temperature (NMOT) approaches, as the most common ways to obtain Tpanel, is evaluated using the monthly and annual profiles of errors. The profiles of error in prediction of Tpanel, efficiency, produced power, and generated energy for the presented, NOCT, and NMOT models are compared together, which shows the vast superiority of the best found function to NOCT and NMOT methods. As an example, for the 50 W panel, the best found function form is able to predict Tpanel, efficiency, produced power, and generated energy 2.15, 3.36, 3.03, and 3.39 times more accurate than NMOT method in a year. It also has 2.82, 4.18, 4.04, and 4.01 times better prediction than the NOCT model during the same period for prediction of the aforementioned performance criteria of the 50 W panel, respectively.

Temperature Analysis of the Stand-Alone and Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems Based on Simulation and Measurement Data

Sunlight is converted into electrical energy due to the photovoltaic effect in photovoltaic cells. Energy yield of photovoltaic systems depends on the solar array location, orientation, tilt, tracking and local weather conditions. In order to determine the amount of energy produced in a photovoltaic system, it is important to analyze the operation of the photovoltaic (PV) arrays in real operating conditions and take into account the impact of external factors such as irradiance, ambient temperature or the speed of blowing wind, which is the natural coolant of PV panels. The analysis was carried out based on mathematical models and actual measurement data, regarding the dependence of the average temperature of PV arrays on variable and difficult to predict ambient conditions. The analysis used standard (nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT)), King, Skoplaki, Faiman and Mattei thermal models and the standard model for flat-plate photovoltaic arrays. Photovoltaic installations PV1, PV2a and PV2b, being part of the hybrid power plant of the Bialystok University of Technology, Poland, were the objects of the research. In the case of a free-standing solar system, the Skoplaki model proved to be the best method for determining the average temperatures of the PV arrays. For building-integrated PV systems, a corrected value of the mounting coefficient in the Skoplaki model was proposed, and the original results were compared. The comparison of the accuracy measures of the average operating temperatures for three micro-power plants, differently mounted and located, is presented.

Estimation of PV module parameters from the manufacturer's datasheet for MPP estimation

A study has been performed to extract the unknown parameters of a photovoltaic (PV) module using mathematical model-driven analysis. Neglecting the less significant terms, the number of non-linear exponential terms are reduced to develop a simplified algorithm to estimate five unknown parameters such as diode ideality factor, series resistance, shunt resistance, diode saturation current and photogenerated current of a single diode model PV module accurately with less computational complexities from the manufacturer's datasheet values. Substituting the estimated values of the unknown parameters, the PV module output power is obtained at different irradiance and temperature, which shows close co-ordination with the datasheet values. To improve the accuracy in the estimation of the PV module output using the proposed model, the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) is considered. The results of the proposed model are verified with the experimental output of two (one 315 Wp and another 3 Wp) PV modules, which shows better correlation with the proposed model considering NOCT. The measurement uncertainty to obtain the output power experimentally is not more than 6.88%.