Nomadic Activity Research Articles

Digital Nomadism: Trends of European Labor Migration in Low-Cost Countries

Work activities are becoming increasingly mobile as a result of advancements in information technology. European productivity is changing to more flexible work approaches with internet processes. Many productive-age citizens from European countries with high living costs engage in digital nomadism activities. This research aims to explore the pull and push factors of the digital nomadism process and determine the motives for digital nomadism activities carried out by Europeans. Using netnography analysis tools and qualitative approaches, researchers are attempting to determine what factors influence and how European workers carry out digital nomadic activity patterns in Madeira, Portugal. As a result, researchers bring forth the descriptive outcomes of the analysis. In this article, researchers conclude that digital nomadism is a practice or, more accurately, a new way of life mostly practiced by remote workers with flexible work schedules. The idea of work-life balance is equally important to digital nomads. The growth of digital platforms that increasingly enable work to be done online drives the development of digital nomadism activities. This article will also go into greater detail on several pulls and push elements, as well as numerous issues about activities for digital nomads.

Examining the Successful Dissemination Buddhism along the SilkRoad into China Against the Political Backdrop ofthe Southern and Northern Dynasties

Nowadays, it is easy to take for granted the connection between Buddhism and Chinese culture. However, Buddhism was originally from India, and passed into China as a foreign religion. One particular period that Buddhism began to blend which Chinese culture appeared to be the Southern and Northern dynasties. The active nomadic activities during this period introduced both the possibility and need of Buddhism as a part of Chinese society. After this period, Buddhism truly gained momentum in Chinese history. This paper will examine Buddhisms unique means of propagation, specifically how Buddhism managed to wield both interpretive and political power as important tools. Such observations could yield insight into the dynamics of political interactions in ancient China, as well as how such a structure incorporated religions and common culture into its reign. The paper hypothesizes that Buddhisms ability to build connection with Chinese society was due to its unique power of flexibility and persuasion, which suited the political backdrop of the Southern and Northern dynasties well. This paper will discuss and seek to validate this thesis through three lenses: royal support, governance, and translation. The discussion will involve interpreting scrolls written by the ancient Chinese, to signify the contemporary political and intellectual importance of Buddhism.

Varying cultivation strategies in eastern Tianshan corresponded to growing pastoral lifeways between 1300 BCE and 300 CE

This study combines plant stable isotope and archaeobotanical analyses to explore how ancient pastoral communities in varying landscapes of eastern Tianshan managed their barley fields. The question is less archaeologically investigated, as recent discussions have focused on pastoral and nomadic activities. Results show that diversified cultivation strategies were employed in barley cultivation at different locations in eastern Tianshan. We also observed a diachronic transition toward less labour-intensive crop management corresponding to a growing pastoral lifeway from the late Bronze Age (1300–800 BCE) to historical periods (400 BCE–300 CE). These results inform us about the mechanism by which southwest Asian originated domesticates were adapted to the Inner Asian environments in the context of the early food globalisation.

Rock Mortars of Sar Pol-e Zahab in their Archaeological Contexts: Evidence of third and second Millennium BCE Nomads Camp Sites in Western Foothills of Zagros Mountain, Iran

During the 2016 archaeological survey in the Sar Pol-e Zahab region, in the border zone between Mesopotamia lowland and Iranian highland, a number of rock mortars were discovered on the edges of seven ancient sites. Owing to its climate and topography and its winter pastures, this region has long been favoured by nomads, and numerous remains of nomadic activities survive. The sites in question are small settlements that have been attributed to nomadic occupation owing to their small area, thin occupational deposits and extremely limited finds. Most of these sites are located near water sources such as springs and rivers. Furthermore, the associated cultural materials are not of high quality. This is in stark contrast to the settlements of farmers and sedentary settlers in the central range and western foothills of the Zagros, the remains of which formed relatively large mounds with complex stratigraphy representing extended occupations accompanied by cultural materials showing a higher degree of workmanship and artistry. In many cases, these characteristics are enough to distinguish the settlements of sedentary farmers from those of herdsmen and nomads. It appears that the nomads of the region, particularly in the third-second millennium BCE and in the Parthian period, used these permanently located rock mortars to grind grains and cereals during their seasonal occupation of these sites. These mortars are not out of context, they are related to the ancient settlements on whose periphery they are found.

Masticating ‘quality’ and spitting the bits out

This article considers what the repercussions are when the concept of ‘quality’ is examined within the epistemological and ontological theoretical shifts that are afforded by post-humanism. In particular, Braidotti’s configuring of thinking as ‘nomadic activity’ and the need for ‘process ontology’, together with Massumi’s ideas relating to ‘activist philosophy’, create the necessary conceptual space for thinking differently. The article takes as a point of departure ethnographic data that has emerged from the twin locations of Norway and England, which broadly centres on some of the practices, habits and mundanities that are associated with Norwegian and English children (aged between two and four) eating food whilst attending their barnehagene or ‘preschool’ setting. It is within the milieu of eating that the authors take up the challenge of confronting ‘quality’, where they question whether it is possible to put to one side a universal standard so as to consider other potentialities. Inevitably, the authors conclude with more questions than answers.

Limiting factors for nomadic pastoralism in Mongolian steppe: A hydrologic perspective

In this study, limiting factors for continuing nomadic pastoralism in steppe areas were studied based on a hydrologic perspective. Two small watersheds in central Mongolia were selected for an assessment of water balance and hydrologic processes. We determined that the majority of annual precipitation, ∼88–96 mm, was lost by evaporation (82%) while only a small proportion went to groundwater discharge, surface runoff, and groundwater consumption by nomadic activities. The soil column was found to absorb large fluctuations in precipitation although its connection to groundwater was very weak. Groundwater recharge was, therefore, very small and occurred only rarely during heavy rainfall events in valley bottoms. However, current water storage in shallow groundwater was determined to be quite sufficient for continuing nomadic pastoralism when compared to the drinking water requirements of livestock. The main limiting factors identified were a temporal lack of feed to animals due to a loss of aboveground biomass resulting from soil moisture shortages during drought conditions, and a decline in the number and maintenance level of the traditional well network that, due to access to shallow groundwater, has allowed herders to migrate to areas with better conditions in remote Mongolian steppe.

Migration in the Sudan during the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium (1898-1955)

This paper argues that migration patterns during the Condominium were a continuation of processes already discernible during the 19th century, and that these have gained further momentum since independence. Four main migratory processes are considered: rural to urban migration and the growth of urban primacy; inter-regional movements leading to ethnic mixing in urban and rural areas; easterly migration of people from western Sudan and West Africa; and nomadism with its impact on sedentary peoples. In the aftermath of the Angl-Egyptian conquest in 1898 these processes were seemingly in reverse. The population of Omdurman dropped to 40 000. There was migration westwards and southwards as tribes returned to their former homeland areas and way of life, leading to a resurgence of nomadic activity and to a reversal in the process of ethnic mixing. However, this was a purely temporary phase. By 1955, the old migratory patterns had long since resurfaced. These processes are reviewed in the light of the results of...

An Archaeological Assessment of Taung Valley of Sindh-Kohistan Pakistan

The Taung valley of Sindh – Kohistan is very rich in archaeological depositions. The present paper is an attempt to take an account of 43 sites in the said region, influx variety of evidences have been traced from microlithism to Hakra, Amri and Indus type. It also reveals traces of nomadic camp , circular structure of stones. Grave yards and gobra bunds. Nontheless Taung valley has big historical longitivity extending from ancient remains to medival cemetery to premodern nomadic activity and the most important structures witnessing local wisdom pertaining to water management.

A birth centre's encounters with discourses of childbirth: how resistance led to innovation

An ethnographic study of a free-standing birth centre uncovered a site of intense contestation. Two prominent childbirth discourses attempting to inscribe their orthodoxies on staff and women users encountered stern and persistent resistance. Using postmodern theory, this resistance is conceptualised as nomadic activity, as space is made at the margins of discourse for a difference and diversity to manifest. The relationship between discourse and women's agency is layered and non-linear as the presence of dissonant data indicates. The birth centre, however, actualises a number of contrasting ways of 'being' and 'doing' that appear to serve the interests of staff and women well. In particular, 'nomadic' midwifery practice and a 'care as gift' orientation challenges the biomedical model that defines the parameters of normal and the 'vigil of care' discourse that regulates the professional/patient relationship. Birth centres may encourage novel and eclectic ways of providing childbirth care.

SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY IN ANDEAN FLAMINGOS (PHOENICOPARRUS ANDINUS): NATURAL VERSUS ARTIFICIAL DIET

A study of 10 clinical pathology values in four groups of Andean flamingo chicks (Phoenicoparrus andinus) was conducted to evaluate an artificial feeding program in Chile. Three groups were fed controlled diets (groups 2000, 2001, and 2002) with quantitative differences in their nutritional content. A fourth group of free-living Andean flamingo chicks was used as normal controls. Nutritional management techniques used in 2002 resulted in hematologic values with similar levels of total protein, globulins, albumin, cholesterol, urea, phosphorus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine, and calcium to those obtained in free-living chicks. In addition, final weight, physical condition, and plumage in flamingo chicks of group 2002 were considered satisfactory to face local climatic conditions and nomadic activity. These results may be useful as reference values and help to improve conservation management and veterinary care of this species.

Report of the CACT Summer Conference

After thirteen years of summer nomadic activity, the California Association of Chemistry Teachers (CACT) returned to Asilomar, CA, for the annual summer conference. Mary Virginia Orna, College of New Rochelle, gave the keynote address on Archeology and Chemistry, later supported by two lectures by Cecily Gryzwacz on Pollution in the Museum Environment and Museum Conservation Chemistry. The main theme of the four-day conference centered around a short course on Material Sciences by Margaret Geselbracht, Reed College, Portland, OR with a supporting workshop by Ludwig Mayer, California State University, San Jose, CA and Wade Killingsworth, El Camino College, Torrence, CA. Next year's summer conference at Asilomar is rescheduled for August 16-21, 1996. Please write to the undersigned for details.

Cultures under pressure in the Sudan: the Ingessana and the Uduk

The paper examines the pressures being exerted by cultural and economic processes upon “African” cultures in the intermediate zone of the Sudan. It examines in particular the experience of the Ingessana and Uduk peoples living between the White and Blue Niles. The Uduk have experienced the greater degree of disruption from Sudan's civil war, and many Uduk have sought refuge in Ethiopia. The Ingessana are in the frontline facing cultural and economic pressures from the north. To pressures for Islamisation and Arabicisation have been added the development of chromite mining, mechanised agriculture and increased nomadic activity around their hills.

Application and consequences of precipitation observations in the Republic of Sudan in view of the Nomadic Life and Economy

Within the Sudan the rain season is controlled by the annual monvement of the Intertropical Convergence. The length of the rain season varies from less than one month in the northern Sudan to more than nine months in the South. Studies of daily rainfall conditions show that most rainfall develops in situ, reoccurs in the same geographic areas, has little inter daily continuity and occurs with an approximate 4–5 day cycle. Using satellite visible and infrared imagery the above conditions were confirmed. In addition, using cloud shape, organization, spacing and occurence of wave forms,the amounts and spatial coverage of daily rainfall was predicated from satellite imagery with 60 % success. Nomadism is an important factor in the life of the Sudan and because of its high degree of dependence on rainfall, methods are discussed by which satellite technology can aid in the decisions made concerning short and long term nomadic activity.