Nocturnal Fluid Shift Research Articles

Impact of Body Composition on Sleep and Its Relationship with Sleep Disorders: Current Insights.

Sleep is involved in many physiological processes and is essential for both physical and mental health. Obesity and sleep deprivation due to sleep disorders are major public health issues. Their incidence is increasing, and they have a wide range of adverse health-related consequences, including life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The impact of sleep on obesity and body composition is well-known, and many studies have shown an association between insufficient or excessive sleep duration and obesity, body fat percentage, and weight gain. However, there is growing evidence of the effects of body composition on sleep and sleep disorders (particularly sleep disordered breathing) through anatomical and physiological mechanisms (nocturnal fluid shift, core body temperature, or diet). Although some research has been conducted on the bidirectional effects of sleep-disordered breathing and body composition, the specific effects of obesity and body composition on sleep and the underlying mechanisms that explain these effects remain unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the findings on the effects of body composition on sleep and draws conclusions and proposals for future research in this field.

Effect of acetazolamide on obstructive sleep apnoea in highlanders: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded crossover trial

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a highly prevalent disease that causing systemic hypertension. Furthermore, altitude-dependent hypobaric hypoxic condition and Tibetan ethnicity have been associated with systemic hypertension independent of OSA,...

Evening sock marks as an adjunct to the clinical prediction of obstructive sleep apnea.

Fluid overload shifting from the legs to the upper airway during sleep promotes obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and interventions targeting fluid attenuate OSA. Fluid shift has been previously measured by bioelectrical impedance, a complex and time-consuming technique not applicable in the daily clinical settings. The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence of clinically detectable fluid overload and shift and its association with OSA. Patients undergoing sleep study for suspected OSA were asked to report the presence of 11 signs/symptoms associated to excessive accumulation of fluid in different parts of the body at different times of the day. Among 392 patients (male: 53%, median [interquartile range] age: 56years [1], body mass index, BMI: 29kg/m2 [2]) included in the study, 135 (34%) had moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea hypopnea index, AHI ≥ 15). Daytime fluid accumulation and nocturnal fluid shift, clinically detectable by patient-reported "evening sock marks," "heavy legs during the day," and "morning stuffed nose," were prevalent in the entire population (46%, 43%, and 33%, respectively). In multivariate analysis, evening sock marks was an independent correlate of having an AHI ≥ 15, together with male sex, older age, and self-reported snoring and apneas. Clinically detectable fluid overload and shift are prevalent in patients addressed for suspected OSA, and evening sock marks, a marker for leg swelling, is an independent correlate of moderate-to-severe OSA. This sign might contribute to OSA diagnosis and identification of patients likely to be treated by interventions targeting fluid overload and shift.