Nobel Prize Lecture Research Articles

Daniel Kahneman (1934-2024).

This article memorializes Daniel Kahneman (1934-2024), Danny was always fascinated by the complexities and inconsistencies of human behavior, beliefs, values, and tastes, if also by the grand problems of philosophy. His pioneering work led to his influential theory of attention as a limited resource that could be allocated to various tasks presented in his first book, Attention and Effort (1974). Prospect theory remained his most cited work by far and was the central work cited in his Nobel Prize award in 2002. Danny's Nobel Prize Lecture, carried the seeds of his highly influential book, Thinking Fast and Slow (2011). His research influenced policy and program development in economics, philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Highlights of Kahneman's career and professional contributions are noted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Discourse of Alternative Identity in Nobel Prize Lectures of Latin American Writers

Discourse of Alternative Identity in Nobel Prize Lectures of Latin American Writers

Přínos Theodora Schultze k rozvoji ekonomické teorie

The paper presents the Chicago School economist Theodore Schultz's contributions to economic theory. Schultz is the only agricultural economist to have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics. The first part briefly describes the life of Theodore Schultz. The second part deals with his works in the economics of agriculture. The third part discusses his book The Economic Value of Education (Schultz, 1963). The fourth part analyses his work Investing in People (Schultz, 1981). The fifth part explores the book The Economics of Being Poor (Schultz, 1993). The sixth part outlines the book Origin of Increasing Returns (Schultz, 1993). The seventh part discusses his Nobel Prize lecture.

Myths vs reality in Olga Tokarczuk’ collection of essays “Czuły narrator”

In her fiction and essays, О. Tokarczuk manifests inclination toward original interpretation of reality through a prism of mythology, reflection of the present by means of archaic optics, using instruments of universal plots, motives and characters. Her collection of essays “Chuły narrator” shows the writer’s evident interest in reevaluation of common notions about reality, deconstruction of stereotypical judgements and transformation of the traditional world picture under the influence of mythological worldview. The available literature studies, related to the book “Chuły narrator”, mainly consider narrative strategies on the basis of the concept “tender narrator”, introduced by the Polish writer in her Nobel Prize lecture. However, in the scientific discourse there is a lack of publications, dedicated to thorough analysis of O. Tokarczuk’s “Chuły narrator”, in particular, its neomythological attributes, that determines topicality and novelty of the theme of our research. The purpose of the study is to find out mythological intertexts in O. Tokarczuk’s book “Chuły narrator”, and also identify neomythological characteristics of her essays. In order to achieve the purpose, the following methods were used: contextual, intertextual, semiotic and poetological. Analysis of the essays in the book “Chuły narrator” allows making a conclusion about philosophical style as an indispensable feature of the Polish writer’s literary works. The author continuously rests on basic mythological notions about the Universe, fundamental philosophical categories, classic literature heritage and ideas of progressive thinkers of the past and present. One of O. Tokarczuk’s favorite motives is the journey motive which is interpreted on the basis of mythology and the author’s experience. The author virtuously interprets the archaic binary opposition “own–alien”, outlining the evolution of the idea about borders which are illusions that continue to cause large-scale disasters and crimes and deprive the world of its uniqueness. O. Tokarczuk’s works are characterized by numerous allusions to the works of verbal and visual art, intermedial method of articulating her viewpoints. The prospects of further research could be seen in studying O. Tokarczuk’s works in terms of intertextual relationships with the major philosophical systems and ideas of the leading thinkers of the present and past.

The Puzzling Processes at Electrode | Ionic Liquid Interface

J.M. Lehn stated in his Nobel prize lecture in 1988 that supramolecular chemistry is the chemistry of the intermolecular bond, covering the structure and functions of entities formed by the association of two or more chemical species [1]. The adsorption of organic molecules is the net result of the interactions between the molecules and the two phases, the metal and the electrolyte, and the interactions between the latter two.To this day, the universal understanding that the adsorption of organic molecules results in the formation of an ordered monolayer is based on the phenomenon observed in mainly aqueous solutions. However, the conception might not be straightforwardly transferrable to the organic additive + ionic liquid | electrode interface. For example, the existence of an interfacial multilayer structure of pure IL ions in contrast with an aqueous electrolyte has been previously shown in both experimental and computational studies. Furthermore, it has been shown that in ILs, if the ions form rigid layers on the electrode, it is necessary to apply an overpotential for interfacial restructuring. Therefore, studying the adsorption of organic additives in ionic liquids (IL) should contribute to a better understanding of metal | IL interfaces.In the given presentation we overview the characteristics of solid-liquid interface characteristics of various additives from ionic liquid media at different electrodes.Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and in situ scanning tunnelling microscopy measurements were conducted to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the self-assembled layers of 4,4’-bipyridine (4,4’-BP) and 2,2’-bipyridine (2,2’-BP) at the Sb(111) | x-BP+1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF4) interface [2-3]. The specific adsorption of iodide ions was studied at Bi(111), Cd(0001) and pyrolytic graphite electrodes [4-6]. All the experiments were carried out in a three-electrode electrochemical cell in a glovebox.The halide ions are surface active ions with specific adsorption behavior [4-6]. The strong specific adsorption of halide ions at single crystal electrodes, as well as other electrodes, is a complicated process due to the partial charge transfer between adsorbed ions and the solid electrode surface. The properties of the adsorption layer depend on the electrode potential and the concentration of the surface-active ions in an electrolyte. The theory that the adsorption of organic molecules results in SAM formation is mainly based on the results observed in aqueous solutions. However, these findings may not be as straightforwardly linkable to the organic additive + ionic liquid | electrode interface. The analysis of cyclic voltammetry and impedance results revealed that 2,2′-BP and 4,4′-BP indeed adsorb at the Sb(111) interface, forming a thin dielectric layer at the electrode surface, confirmed by in situ STM measurements, resulting in the differential capacitance values nearly two times lower compared to EMImBF4. Acknowledgments:This work was supported by the Estonian Research Council grant PSG249, and by the EU through the European Regional Development Fund under project TK141 (2014-2020.4.01.15-0011).

Key historical study findings questioned in debate over threshold versus linear non-threshold for cancer risk assessment

This paper demonstrates that the dissertation research of Ray-Chaudhuri (1939, 1944) that was used by Hermann Muller to support his radiation induced gene mutation hypothesis and linear non-threshold (LNT) dose response model during his Nobel Prize Lecture is “uninterpretable” with respect to these issues. The research failed to include essential research design information, resulting in reporting flaws that have never been previously identified. These observations are historically important because this dissertation was used to blunt powerful criticism of Muller's gene mutation research and strongly promoted his advocacy of the LNT model in radiation risk assessment.

Longing for an Olga that belongs in English: a Nobel Prize laureate’s micro-narratives

ABSTRACT The Nobel Prize lecture is a message from someone whose voice matters. The lecture by the Polish novelist Olga Tokarczuk, the 2018 laureate in literature, is both a message consistent with the author’s writings and a literary text in and of itself. However, for this message to reach a wider audience, it must be rendered from the original Polish into English in a way that recognizes the intratextual and intertextual semantic patterns being activated. These nuanced networks of meanings are traced here in two selected motifs: that of tęsknić (verb)/tęsknota (noun) (‘miss/missing’ or ‘long/longing for’) and that of jestem ‘(here) I am’. In this way, Tokarczuk’s message is analysed in terms of words as micro-narratives and language as grand narrative. The micro-narratives of the Polish tęsknić/tęsknota and jestem converge into a coherent portrayal of existence, and an attempt is made to obtain a comparable degree of coherence in the English translation of the lecture. Both the original speech and its English rendering can be viewed as coming from the ‘tender narrator’, a unique category proposed by Tokarczuk. I claim that only through a careful recognition of these semantic patterns can the translation amplify the voice of the Nobel laureate.

Primeval and Other Times by Olga Tokarczuk: The “Tender Narrator” and the Perils of Myth

Abstract The aim of the article is to examine the structure of Olga Tokarczuk’s novel Primeval and Other Times, her first major popular and critical success. To that end, the author’s method of combining elements of realism, fantasy, and the supernatural are analyzed. These are correlated with Tokarczuk’s views on literature, creativity, and the relations between the human mind and the universe expressed in her many direct statements, including in her Nobel Prize lecture, “The Tender Narrator.” The article describes the characteristic mixture of lyrical realism and fantasy through which Tokarczuk constructs the universe of the eponymous village of Primeval, which appears both as a typical Polish peasant community and as a mythical place that may be holding some elemental mystery. The study concludes that the real and the fabulous in the novel do not merge seamlessly into one hyper-reality that would enrich our reading experience, or change our perception of the tangible world. The lucid and sensitive treatment in the novel’s human narratives hardly benefits from the overload of put-on mystical or metaphysical elements. Tokarczuk’s mythical preoccupations, however, cannot be dismissed as mere narrative stratagems. They are rooted in the author’s beliefs in the “systems of mutual connections and influences” that permeate both the human and the natural world. The study concludes that Tokarczuk’s mythopoetic designs to express this sense of unity are not entirely successful, yet they produce literature of eclectic curiosity, imaginative daring, and earnest concern with moral challenges of today.

From “Poland’s Genius” to the World as “a living, single entity”: World, Literature, and Writer’s Duty in Lectures of Polish Laureates of the Nobel Prize in Literature (1905–2019)

Abstract Reading the Nobel Prize Lectures delivered by Polish Nobel laureates in literature from 1905 to 2019 as one mutually influencing narrative (the so-called “collective narrative”) clearly suggests the changing direction of how Polish writers perceive the world, Poland, and the social obligations of literature towards humanity. The early focus on Poland’s loss of independence and the injustice of fate (Henryk Sienkiewicz) gave way to seeing the entire world as a unity (Wisława Szymborska, Czesław Miłosz, Olga Tokarczuk). The mutually exclusive participation in life and being a detached observer. although seen as an insolvable contradiction (Miłosz) is acknowledged. but now with the urgent need for an engagement with the world’s fate (Szymborska, Tokarczuk). Literature is seen as a vehicle for painful memory and the acknowledgment of the injustices of the twentieth century (Miłosz), a tool of analysis of the human and non-human condition in general (Szymborska), and as a way of telling stories that represents the only remaining path to universal human understanding and bond (Tokarczuk). For Tokarczuk, “the tender narrator” represents the powerful connection necessary for searching for meaning and interhuman communication in the face of an approaching danger of the destruction of the world by humans.

Rethinking the Citric Acid Cycle: Connecting Pyruvate Carboxylase and Citrate Synthase to the Flow of Energy and Material.

In 1937, Sir H. A Krebs first published the Citric Acid Cycle, a unidirectional cycle with carboxylic acids. The original concept of the Citric Acid Cycle from Krebs’ 1953 Nobel Prize lecture illustrates the unidirectional degradation of lactic acid to water, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Here, we add the heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex, connecting the original Citric Acid Cycle to the flow of energy and material. The heart lactate dehydrogenase•proton-linked monocarboxylate transporter 1 complex catalyses the first reaction of the Citric Acid Cycle, the oxidation of lactate to pyruvate, and thus secures the provision of pyruvic acid. In addition, we modify Krebs’ original concept by feeding the cycle with oxaloacetic acid. Our concept enables the integration of anabolic processes and allows adaption of the organism to recover ATP faster.

Listening to "The Ballad of Frankie Lee and Judas Priest" While Reading The Confidence-Man

Throughout his career, Bob Dylan has frequently evoked "American Renaissance" writers in his work, including Herman Melville, to whom he paid tribute in his Nobel Prize lecture. Against the backdrop of general affinities between Dylan's shape-shifting persona and Melville's Confidence Man, this essay explores "The Ballad of Frankie Lee and Judas Priest," from the John Wesley Harding album, as a variation on the themes and techniques of Melville's novel. For instance, both deploy "sketchy" characters, in the sense of being untrustworthy and as purposefully only sketched out, not fully developed. Both use these characters as quasi-allegorical figures to satirize social relationships based on "trust" while exploring larger issues of faith. And both foreground their avoidance of any transcendent wisdom from these strange, sketchy encounters and parable-like episodes: as one character in Dylan's song aptly proclaims, "Nothing is revealed." The comparison yields new ways of appreciating both Dylan and Melville, placing the former more firmly within the American literary tradition and approaching the latter as the composer of a literary concept album.

A Literature Review on Translation of Academic Literature on Economics

Academic literature on economics has long been an elementary and indivisible component in the global economic picture. In view of unprecedented economic interdependence among economies nowadays, the translation of academic literature featuring economic lexis, syntax and discourse will be much likely to enjoy the burgeoning, even dominating translation significance and necessity in the decades to come. Based on the collection, selection and classification of related materials, this paper, taking the Nobel Prize lecture on economic sciences as an example, conducts a relatively comprehensive literature review on the translation of economics literature in terms of two research aspects -- academic literature translation and economics literature translation. According to the research perspectives, the paper further subdivides and illustrates in detail the previous studies both at home and abroad in an attempt to clarify the holistic research status quo and inner relations, cementing the foundation of subsequent researches.

Literary Celebrity and Political Activism: Wole Soyinka’s Nobel Prize Lecture and the Anti-Apartheid Struggle

ABSTRACT In 1986, the Nigerian writer Wole Soyinka was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. This article considers the role of the Nobel Prize in the construction, promotion and cementing of literary celebrity, addressing the ways in which the prize augments Soyinka’s literary and political renown, already substantial at the time of the award. The article takes as its focus Soyinka’s Nobel Prize lecture and his decision to leverage the global platform afforded him to highlight the struggle against apartheid. The lecture is structured around a refusal to concede the exceptionalism of the South African state, and around a framing of apartheid as a pan-African catastrophe. In the Nobel Prize lecture, Soyinka levels a comprehensive accusation against European racism which he conceives as directly implicated in the ideological underpinning of apartheid policies. Dedicating the address to Mandela and taking his life as a paradigm, Soyinka uses his own presence in Stockholm as a subversive supplement to Mandela’s absence and addresses the crimes of apartheid both within their particular temporal and geographical context and as a means to expose the global scourge of racism.

The Contributions in Education through Literature (A Narrative Inquiry Study of Prof. Toni Morrison in The United States of America)

Abstract: Biography consists of life’s story in a unique record form, a narrative impulse, establishes the importance of stories, and provides an open illustrative example of the analysis of an adult learner's story. This paper provides a step-by-step account of how a researcher conducted a narrative research study analysis and developed an organizational structure useful for other qualitative researchers. Prof.Toni Morrison as purposeful sampling is widely recognized as a first lady of literature in American’s prominent novelist, who magnificently explores the minority life of the black people identity to the surface in The United States of America, especially that of black women story. Her Nobel Prize Lecture, in which she consistence tells a story of a black woman, history of slavery, racism, post colonialism, and education rights for all. Her life story and contributions in education through literature space can be regarded as a shaper of Prof. Morrison’s today and the look of education equality. In her 85th she is still teaching, being mother, and continue writing as her passions. Several interviews dialogue between the journalists through her novels and the young people is full of inspirational stories, wisdom and profoundness. Her life story is indeed worth to learn as a study material especially in English Language and Literature proficiency. 

Money Creation: Tax or Public Liquidity?

I revisit the example of non-neutral anticipated monetary expansions used in Lucas (1995) Nobel Prize Lecture, within a broader definition of monetary policy tools, such as paying a nominal return on money or using open market operations, to show that money expansions increase output by reallocating consumption across heterogenous individuals and time periods. This result survives with noninterest-bearing cash when the latter does not generate relevant distortions.

A Review of James Forder, Macroeconomics and the Phillips Curve Myth

In this review, I argue that Forder makes a fine job in debunking the story told by Friedman in his Nobel prize lecture about the Phillips curve yet fails to assess the validity of Phelps’s and Friedman’s contributions to the Phillips curve theory.

Finance and Financial Economics: A Debate About Common Sense and Illogical Models

This document tries to answer to a frequent question of students and clients: are Finance and Financial Economics the same thing? My answer is NO: I think that they are very different, although the terms are very often confused and many Finance professor positions in many Business Schools have been filled with Financial Economists.Two ways, among others, to see the differences: a) attend a class on “Finance for managers” taught by a sensible Finance professor and attend another taught by a “Financial Economist”; b) read a book on “Finance for managers” and another on “Financial Economics”.Financial Economics is a subject developed by economists whose main purpose is to elaborate “models” based on unrealistic assumptions. The conclusions and predictions of the “models” have very little to do with the real world: companies, financial markets, investors, managers… the most emblematic example is the CAPM.The most used word in the Nobel Prize lectures of Fama, Shiller, Hansen and Sharpe was “model” (513 times).This document contains facts and some opinions held by the author. I welcome comments (disagreements, errors, anecdotes…) that will help the readers and me to better differentiate between Finance and Financial Economics.

An econometric analysis of farmer's distress in Andhra Pradesh: A logistic regression analysis

Theodore Schultz's rightly pointed in his Nobel Prize lecture, “Most of the world's poor people earn their living from agriculture, so if we knew the economics of agriculture, we would know much of the economics of being poor.” The farm activities all over India are dwindling down. Based on the analysis carried out and field survey, it can be observed that the independent variables which influences the farmer's distress are quite different between irrigated and rainfed areas in North Coastal Andhra region It's time for encouraging the Agriculture Scientist Subhash Palekar's Zero Budget Spiritual Farming or Nature Farming.

Review of Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections, First Edition

T first edition of Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (26 chapters, 912 pages, best for a one-semester course) was written by three educators to provide mixed-science-majors with a highly visual, precise, and clear understanding of the biochemical mechanisms and pathways in living cells. The same authors wrote a more detailed biochemistry textbook for majors, Biochemistry, 4th ed. (29 chapters, 1368 pages, for a two-semester course), which is a comprehensive textbook that preserves details and requires a strong physical chemistry background as suggested by the authors. The preface of Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections lists names of more than 80 reviewers who provided feedback on the book manuscript at various stages throughout the writing process, and an additional 8 members of the foundation figure advisory board. The authors, Appling, Anthony-Cahill, and Mathews, have experience teaching biochemistry courses using textbooks prepared for two distinct audiences of students, namely biochemistry majors and mixed-science-majors, at the University of Texas, Western Washington University, and Oregon State University, respectively. Additionally, each author has had an outstanding career in biochemical research. The authors describe their vision of the textbook using a title that provides emphasis on the fundamental concepts and shows how biochemistry connects to applications of other life sciences, including medicine, agriculture, environmental sciences, and forensics. This approach aims to help students prepare for and engage with the challenges of the 21st century through qualitative reasoning skills and applications related to their future careers. The book consists of four distinct sections. In the first section (Chapters 1−3), the book presents an introduction to biochemistry and life. The authors start by introducing biochemistry and the language of chemistry in Chapter 1. Chapters 2 and 3 introduce the chemical foundation and energetics of life. The second section (Chapters 4−10) discusses the major biochemistry macromolecules, including nucleic acids (Chapter 4), proteins (Chapter 5−8), carbohydrates (Chapter 9), and lipids (Chapter 10). The proteins are discussed in four chapters, including an introductory chapter (Chapter 5), three-dimensional structures (Chapter 6), function and evolution (Chapter 7), and enzymes as biological protein catalysts (Chapter 8). The third section of the book (Chapters 11−19) introduces metabolism and concepts of the major metabolic pathways in living cells, including carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleotides, and lipid metabolisms, as well as photosynthesis, electron transport, and oxidative phosphorylation. And, finally, the fourth section (Chapters 20−26) focuses on DNA duplication, repair, and related topics, such as genes and chromosomes, transcription, translation, and gene regulations. The last 50 pages of the book have answers to some end-of-chapter questions, a detailed glossary, a list of useful equations, and a common abbreviation list. Studying these 26 detailed chapters of a biochemistry textbook of this kind can easily overwhelm its own audience of “mixed-science-majors”. Credit should be given to the authors for simplifying the topics, figures, study tools, and features, and organizing the discussions neatly and systemically to enable the students to learn through concise presentations. This approach organizes the concepts in students’ minds and allows them to build upon their understanding of the fundamentals of each chapter. In addition, the textbook chapters provide several features to improve students’ understanding including groundbreaking visual narratives, foundation figures, and tools of biochemistry. The visual narratives include 3D maps and charts that highlight the overarching themes to help students grasp the bigger picture. The foundation f igures provide students with a way to organize the concepts and make highly complex and detailed material more manageable. Additionally, boxes of concept and connection statements are highlighted in each chapter to demonstrate how individual topics are related to real-world applications. Also, the textbook provides unique end-of-chapter references, including links to Nobel Prize lectures. And finally, the textbook includes 15 separate sections on the most important research techniques, called Tools of Biochemistry. These tools include the following: electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing; manipulating DNA; an introduction to X-ray diffraction; protein expression and purification; sequencing and amino acid analyses of purified proteins; spectroscopic methods for studying macromolecular conformation in solution; determining molecular masses and the number of subunits in a protein molecule; immunological methods; how to measure the rates of enzyme-catalyzed reactions; the emerging field of glycomics, metabolomics, radioactive and stable isotopes; detecting and analyzing protein−protein interactions; polymerase chain reaction; DNA microarrays; and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Several of my colleagues currently use similar textbooks, for example, Principles of Biochemistry, 5th ed. (22 chapters, 832 pages, for a one-semester course) by Moran, Horton, Scrimgeour, and Perry. However, in my opinion, Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections textbook offers more focus on applications and includes more detailed research techniques in its Tools of Biochemistry feature. In conclusion, this book covers biochemistry for all students at the college level. This first edition provides an increased emphasis on fundamentals, concepts, and applications. I recommend this textbook to

The Financial Leverage Paradox Is Leverage About Risk, Risk Reward or Something Else?

With the help of a simple question juxtaposing geared and ungeared positions, this paper analyzes the inherent ambiguity present in the concept of financial leverage. The answer to the question is not readily available as it depends on the way the question is understood. It may be perceived as being either about risk, risk reward or a mix of the two. The range of possible answers is virtually unlimited. Unfortunately, most of them, including one given by Miller in his Nobel Prize Lecture, are inconsistent with finance theory. This paradox is represented by the inability to answer the simple question in an unambiguous way, yet its gravity comes from the fact that it is neither noted nor debated in the literature. The confusion surrounding financial performance evaluation, ROE debate or executive pay are just a few examples of how lethal the leverage paradox can be. The leverage-driven financial crisis of recent years shows that the chaos in the literature exemplified by the paradox may easily spill over into real life.