Nm For Copper Research Articles

Fabrication, characterization, and performance evaluation of polysulfone nanocomposite membranes containing different sizes of ZIF-8 to desalination and heavy metals removal from wastewater

Due to nanotechnology’s emergence and the development of nanocomposite membranes, membrane technologies have gained significant attention in recent years. This research aims to develop a nanocomposite membrane containing ZIF-8 based on polysulfone (PSU) to remove pollutants present in wastewater. This study used a phase inversion method to prepare the desired membrane, and ZIF-8 with different sizes of 14, 23, 65, 144, and 262 nm were added to the PSU. The successful preparation of these nanocomposites was confirmed using techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the prepared nanocomposites was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle (CA). According to the results from performance evaluation tests, the membrane containing ZIF-8 with a size of 14 nm had the best performance. It could remove sodium and magnesium cations from water at a pressure of 7 bar with an efficiency of 57.35 % and 59.50 %, respectively. The investigations related to the removal of heavy metals also demonstrated that this membrane could remove lead by 96.25 % at a pressure of 7 bar. The removal efficiency of the membranes containing ZIF-8 in the size of 14 nm for copper, nickel, and chromium is 90.56 %, 78.81 %, and 67.10 %, respectively. Therefore, it can be claimed that the membranes, including lower sizes of ZIF-8 exhibit high efficiency in practical cases of heavy metal removal.

Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and study their anti-pathogenic properties against pathogens effect on plants and animals

According to an estimate, 30% to 40%, of global fruit are wasted, leading to post harvest losses and contributing to economic losses ranging from $10 to $100 billion worldwide. Among, all fruits the discarded portion of oranges is around 20%. A novel and value addition approach to utilize the orange peels is in nanoscience. In the present study, a synthesis approach was conducted to prepare the metallic nanoparticles (copper and silver); by utilizing food waste (Citrus plant peels) as bioactive reductants. In addition, the Citrus sinensis extracts showed the reducing activity against metallic salts copper chloride and silver nitrate to form Cu-NPs (copper nanoparticles) and Ag-NPs (Silver nanoparticles). The in vitro potential of both types of prepared nanoparticles was examined against plant pathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora (Pectobacterium carotovorum) and pathogens effect on human health Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Moreover, the in vivo antagonistic potential of both types of prepared nanoparticles was examined by their interaction with against plant (potato slices). Furthermore, additional antipathogenic (antiviral and antifungal) properties were also examined. The statistical analysis was done to explain the level of significance and antipathogenic effectiveness among synthesized Ag-NPs and Cu-NPs. The surface morphology, elemental description and size of particles were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and zeta sizer (in addition polydispersity index and zeta potential). The justification for the preparation of particles was done by UV–Vis Spectroscopy (excitation peaks at 339 nm for copper and 415 nm for silver) and crystalline nature was observed by X-ray diffraction. Hence, the prepared particles are quite effective against soft rot pathogens in plants and can also be used effectively in some other multifunctional applications such as bioactive sport wear, surgical gowns, bioactive bandages and wrist or knee compression bandages, etc.

Prussian blue analogues of Ni–Co–MoS2 nanozymes with high peroxidase like activity for sensitive detection of glyphosate and copper

The rational development of efficient nanozymes for the colorimetric detection of targets is still challenging. Herein, Prussian blue analogues of Ni–Co–MoS2 nano boxes were fabricated for colorimetric detection of glyphosate and copper ions owing to its peroxidase like activity. At the sensing system, the Ni–Co–MoS2 nano boxes display high peroxidase activity, which could catalytically oxidize the colourless TMB to blue colour oxTMB. In presence of glyphosate in this sensing system the blue colour is diminished, ascribed to the inhibit the catalytic activity of Ni–Co–MoS2 nano boxes. Concurrently, the addition of copper ion, which result in blue colour was reappear due to the generation of glyphosate-copper complex formation. The Ni–Co–MoS2 nano boxes based colorimetric sensing platform was developed to sensitive detection of glyphosate and copper ions with low detection limit of 3 nM for glyphosate and 3.8 nM for copper. This method also displays satisfactory outcomes from real samples analysis and its good accuracy. Therefore, this work provides a great potential for rapid detection of the targets from the environments.

Hydrogen Absorption into Copper-Coated Titanium Measured by In Situ Neutron Reflectometry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

One concern regarding the used nuclear fuel containers proposed for use in a Canadian deep geological repository (DGR) is the possibility that a small amount of hydrogen might be absorbed into their copper coating, potentially altering its mechanical properties. Reported herein is a study of hydrogen absorption into 50 nm of copper, coated on 4 nm of Ti using in situ neutron reflectometry (NR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). NR results show that hydrogen is absorbed when the copper is cathodically polarized below the threshold for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but that the hydrogen concentrates in the underlying titanium layer rather than concentrating in the copper coating. The hydrogen concentration in titanium rapidly rose when the HER was initiated and was observed to reach a steady state at TiH1.5. Over the course of 55h of cathodic polarization, the concentration of hydrogen in the copper remained below the NR detection limit (2 at %). The portion of hydrogen atoms produced that diffused through the copper layer was initially 3.2%, suggesting a possible upper limit for hydrogen uptake by the copper coating of the UFC, although definitive conclusions can only be drawn from studies on 3 mm copper-coated steel samples.

Physicochemical properties, anticancer and antimicrobial activities of metallic nanoparticles green synthesized by Aspergillus kambarensis.

In the present study, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Aspergillus kambarensis. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed maximum absorbance of 417 nm for silver (AgNPs), 542 nm for gold (AuNPs), 582 nm for copper (CuNPs) and 367 nm for zinc oxide (ZnONPs) nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated the presence of various mycochemicals with diverse functional groups in the fungal cell‐free filtrate. Transmission electron microscopy revealed mono and poly dispersed particles with an estimate size of 50 nm and different shapes for synthesized manufacture metallic nanoparticles (MNPs. Dynamic light scattering confirmed that MNPs were dispersed in the size range less than 50 nm. Zeta potential analysis showed values of −41.32 mV (AgNPs), −41.26 mV (AuNPs), −34.74 mV (CuNPs) and 33.72 mV (ZnONPs). X‐ray diffraction analysis demonstrated crystalline nature for MNPs. All the synthesized MNPs except AuNPs showed strong antifungal and antibacterial activity in disc diffusion assay with growth inhibition zones of 13.1–44.2 mm as well as anticancer activity against HepG‐2 cancer cell line with IC50 in the range of 62.01–77.03 µg/ml. Taken together, the results show that biologically active MNPs synthesized by A. kambarensis for the first time could be considered as promising antimicrobial and anticancer agents for biomedical applications.

Technological parameters of gas-dynamic spraying affecting the formation coating based on mixture of particles copper, zinc and corundum

The results of a study of the effect of the spraying temperature and the overlap coefficient on the formation of the coating structure based on a mixture of Cu, Zn and Al2O3 particles applied by cold gas-dynamic spraying are presented. X-ray diffraction analysis has shown a decrease in the size of coherent scattering regions (CSR) from 200 nm to 90 nm for copper and to 64 nm for zinc when using an overlap coefficient of 55 % and more significant (up to 22 nm) with an overlap of 64 %. The CSR sizes of electronic type compounds CuZn3 (ε-phase) and Cu5 Zn8 (γ-phase) are quite close to the CSR size of zinc. The microdeformation of copper decreases from 187 to 119 % with an increase in the deposition temperature and does not depend on the overlap coefficient. For the electronic compound of the ε-phase, the microstrain value increases, and the γ-phase decreases by 2 times (from 0.31 to 0.17 %). The mass fraction of aluminum oxide (corundum) decreases from 5.4 to 2.2 % with an increase in the spraying temperature. The use of the maximum spraying temperature of 450 °C is accompanied by the formation of zinc oxide, the mass fraction of which is 4.3 % with 64 % overlap.

Frankincense resin mediated green method for optimized biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles for simple and visual detection of Cu2+ ions

Abstract We established a green and sustainable method for the synthesis of biogenic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using frankincense resin. Frankincense resin acts as a good stabilizing and reducing agent. A label free and portable colorimetric probe of AuNPs was established for sensing of copper metal (Cu2+) ions. The synthesis of AuNPs was optimized by varying the microwave irradiation time, concentrations of frankincense resin, and HAuCl4. Frankincense resin stabilized AuNPs were characterized by utilizing UV–Visible, FTIR, XRD, and TEM analysis. TEM showed a well dispersed spherical shape of AuNPs with an average size distribution of 12 ± 2 nm. The AuNPs showed good response to selective colorimetric detection of Cu2+ ions with a color change from red to blue and sensing was monitored by UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The SPR peak of frankincense resin stabilized AuNPs peak at 525 nm was decreased by aiding Cu2+ metal ion and simultaneously a new peak observed at 648 nm it is due to chelation between Cu2+ ions and surface functional groups of AuNPs. It concludes AuNPs shows the high selectivity for sensing of Cu2+ ions. The developed system shows an excellent linear correlation (R2 = 0.92) in the range of 50–550 nM of copper along with a threshold detection 50 nM. To the study of the impact of other metal ions on Cu2+ binding to AuNPs, competitive investigations were carried out in the presence of Al3+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Sn2+, Co3+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Hg2+. The developed technique could be used for detection of Cu2+ in real water samples. The developed method is cheap, portable and it can be used in biomedical and environmental applications.

Highly fluorescent hematoporphyrin modified graphene oxide for selective detection of copper ions in aqueous solutions

Here, a highly sensitive and selective copper ion (Cu2+) fluorescence sensor is reported. The Hematoporphyrin functionalized Graphene Oxide (HP-GO) fluorescence sensor were synthesized via esterification reaction between Graphene Oxide and Hematoporphyrin (HP). The HP-GO sensor was fully characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electrom Microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fluor meter spectroscopy, X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and Raman spectroscopy measurements. The HP-GO sensor advertised two linear regions over the range of 0–1.18 × 103 nM and 3.93 × 103 to 47.27 nM of copper (II) with detection limit of 54 nM in the aqueous solution. The selectivity of HP-GO for Cu2+ is much higher than that of other metal ions due to the presence of aza macrocyclic ring on the surface of HP-GO which has a high binding affinity with Cu2+. Additionally, the HP-GO shows wide pH viable range (pH 6–10). The effect of other metal ions on the fluorescence intensity of the HP-GO was also studied and other metal ions show a low interference response in the detection of Cu2+. HP-GO sensor manifests advantages of high reproducibility (The quenched fluorescence of HP/GO-Cu can be recovered by EDTA), attractive long term fluorescence stability (>21 days) in water, also remarkable selectivity regarding number of metal ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cr6+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Zn2+), low toxicity and can detect Cu2+ in real water samples which acquire well for its promising in environmental applications.

Investigation of Microcrystalline Silicon Thin Film Fabricated by Magnetron Sputtering and Copper-Induced Crystallization for Photovoltaic Applications

Microcrystalline silicon, which is widely used in the microelectronics industry, is usually fabricated by chemical vapor deposition techniques. In recent years, magnetron sputtering has been considered as an alternative because it is a simpler, cheaper and more eco-friendly technique. The big drawback of this technique, however, is the need to recrystallize the as-deposited amorphous silicon, which can be done by metal-induced crystallization. Among the different suitable metals, copper has not been extensively investigated for this purpose. Furthermore, the applicability of the microcrystalline film prepared by this method has not been evaluated for photovoltaic device fabrication. Therefore, this paper reports the fabrication of p-type microcrystalline silicon thin film by magnetron sputtering and copper-induced crystallization techniques, and evaluates its appropriateness for solar cell fabrication. In the first step, 60 nm of silicon followed by 10 nm of copper were deposited on n-type silicon wafer and glass substrates, both by the magnetron sputtering technique. Then, the as-deposited samples were annealed at temperatures from 450 °C to 950 °C. The crystal properties of the resulting films were characterized by Raman and X-ray diffraction spectroscopies and optical and secondary emission microscopies, while their electrical characteristics were determined by Hall-effect, J-V curve and external quantum efficiency measurements. These characterizations confirmed the formation of a layer of microcrystalline silicon mostly in the <111> direction with a crystallization ratio of 93% and a largest grain size of 20 nm. The hole concentration and mobility of the fabricated p-type microcrystalline silicon layer were about 1017~1019 cm−3 and 8 cm2/V.s, respectively. By using the fabricated film as the emitter layer of a p-n junction solar cell, a good rectification ratio of 4100 and reverse saturation current density of 85 nA.cm−2 were measured under dark conditions. The highest photovoltaic conversion efficiency, i.e., 2.6%, with an open-circuit voltage of 440 mV and short-circuit current density of 16.7 mA/cm2, were measured under AM1.5G irradiance. These results indicate that microcrystalline silicon created by magnetron sputtering and copper-induced crystallization has considerable potential for photovoltaic device fabrication.

Silica-anchored cadmium sulfide nanocrystals for the optical detection of copper(II).

A fluorometric assay was developedfor the determination of copper(II) ion based on its quenching effect on the green fluorescent probe of SiO2-anchored CdS nanocrystals (SiO2/CdS NCs). The fluorescent probe was prepared by a surface ion-directing strategy for homogeneous precipitation of CdS NCs onto the carboxyl-capped SiO2 core surfaces. In comparison toCdS NCs, the SiO2/CdS NCs has strong fluorescence emission and good photostability. Moreover, SiO2/CdS NCs show higher fluorescence selectivity for copper(II) ions than for other common metal ions because copper(II) ions have a strong fluorescence quenching effect on SiO2/CdS NCs. At excitation/emission wavelengths of 300/516nm, the resulting fluorescent probe shows wide linear ranges from 0.01 to 2μM with a detection limit of 6.3nM for copper(II) ions. The method has been applied to the determination of trace copper(II) ions in tea infusions with satisfactory results. Graphical abstract.

Banana Peel Activated Carbon in Removal of Dyes and Metals Ion in Textile Industrial Waste

Textile waste is produced in the starch process, a starch removal process, coloring, and printing. The use of banana peel (Musa Paradisiaca) was an alternative that was being developed as an absorbent to remove the color content and metal ions in textile waste. The purpose of this study was to analyze the workings and effectiveness of heavy metal adsorption and textile dyes with banana peel waste. Banana peel particles that were ready to be used as adsorbents were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to obtain particle morphology. Absorbance curve of Cu2+ dan Cr6+ can be obtained using spectrophotometric UV-Vis analysis with a wavelength of 635 nm for copper (Cu) and 469 nm for chromium (Cr). The activated carbon of banana peel was applied to 50 ml industrial waste solution and observed changes in absorbance for 120 minutes. The activated carbon was directly in contact with the solution of metal ions but the adsorption power was still not seen effectively so that the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) test was performed. The results of AAS analysis, namely activated carbon can reduce copper and chromium ion content respectively by 55.5% and 61%. If this activated carbon was used as an adsorbent for dyes in textile waste, the average absorption capacity of dye ion was 12.21% during the contact time of adsorption 120 minutes.

Green Preparation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Supported Pd and Cu Nanoparticles with Novel Vic-dioxime Metal Complexes

The preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) supported Cu and Pd nanoparticles on utilizing a supercritical carbon dioxide deposition method were investigated. Novel vic-dioxime complexes of Cu(II) and Pd(II) were used as metallic precursors. The ligand used in these precursors were 4-(trifluoromethyl)aniline-vic-dioxide. Ligand and metal complexes were synthesized and identified with various analyses method including 1H and 19F NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility. MW-CNTs supported Pd and Cu nanoparticles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR_TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with EDX (SEM_EDX). SEM_EDX and HR_TEM micrographs showed a homogenous distribution of reasonably well-dispersed Cu and Pd nanoparticles on the support. The nature and crystallinity of the nano metal particles were confirmed using XRD. Crystallite sizes ranged from 7-20 nm for palladium and 20-30 nm for copper. This study demonstrated that these oxime complexes are suitable precursors for the preparation of supported nanoparticles using a supercritical carbon dioxide deposition method.

Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Copper by Sequential Steps Involving Oxidation and Exposure to Hexafluoroacetylacetone

We describe an atomic layer etching (ALE) method for copper that involves cyclic exposure to an oxidant and hexafluoroacetylacetone (Hhfac) at 275°C. The process does not attack dielectrics such as SiO2 or SiNx, and the surface reactions are kinetically self-limiting to afford a precise etch depth that is spatially uniform. Exposure of a copper surface to molecular oxygen, O2, a weak oxidant, forms a ∼0.3 nm thick layer of Cu2O, which is removed in a subsequent step by exposure to Hhfac. The etch reaction involves disproportionation of Cu(hfac) intermediates, such that ∼0.09 nm copper is removed per cycle. Exposure of copper to ozone, a stronger oxidant, affords ∼15 nm of CuO; when this oxidized surface is exposed to Hhfac, 8.4 nm of copper is removed per cycle. The etch products, Cu(hfac)2 and H2O, are efficiently pumped away; H2O, a poor oxidant, does not attack the bare Cu surface. The roughness of the copper surface increases slowly over successive etch cycles. Thermochemical and bulk etching data indicate that this approach should work for a variety of other metals.

Facile Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with Carboxymethyl Gum Karaya, Selective and Sensitive Colorimetric Detection of Copper (II) Ions

Herein, we developed a gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based label free colorimetric probe for the sensitive and selective detection of Copper (II) ions (Cu2+). Fabrication of the detection system involves a single step in which plant derived, nontoxic polysaccharide carboxymethyl gum karaya (CMGK) acts as reducing, stabilizing and functionalizing agent. Synthetic conditions were optimized by using UV–Vis spectra, zeta potential and DLS analysis and as synthesized AuNPs were thoroughly characterized by TEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. They exhibited excellent stability to conditions like pH, salt and have a longer shelf life. These CMGK capped AuNPs exhibited a selective colorimetric response to Cu2+ ions with a visible colour change from red to blue, which could be due to the Cu2+ induced aggregation and the same was confirmed by TEM and DLS analysis. The detection conditions such as pH, amount of nanoparticles used and incubation time were optimized. Under the optimal detection conditions, the present system exhibited a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.998) in the range of 10–1000 nM of copper with a limit of detection 10 nM. Further the method was successfully applied for the detection of copper in real water samples and biological samples (human plasma and urine).

Nanomechanics and Testing of Core-Shell Composite Ligaments for High Strength, Light Weight Foams

ABSTRACT Composite nanostructured foams consisting of a metallic shell deposited on a polymeric core were formed by plating copper via electroless deposition on electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fiber mats. The final structure consisted of 1000-nm scale PCL fibers coated with 100s of nm of copper, leading to final core-shell thicknesses on the order of 1000-3000 nm. The resulting open cell, core-shell foams had relative densities between 4 and 15 %. By controlling the composition of the adjuncts in the plating bath, particularly the composition of formaldehyde, the relative thickness of copper coating as the fiber diameter could be controlled. As-spun PCL mats had a nominal compressive modulus on the order of 0.1 MPa; adding a uniform metallic shell increased the modulus up to 2 MPa for sub-10 % relative density foams. A computational materials science analysis using density functional theory was used to explore the effects pre-treatment with Pd may have on the density of nuclei formed during electroless plating.

ANALISIS KADAR TIMBAL (Pb), SENG (Zn) DAN TEMBAGA (Cu) PADA IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forsk.) YANG BERASAL DARI LABBAKKANG KAB. PANGKEP SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)

The research was done to analysis of amount lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) at milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk.) from Labbakkang Pangkep by Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry (AAS). Before to be analised, first to do destruction of milkfish ( Chanos chanos Forsk.) later on HNO 3 . Quantitative analysis used atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry (AAS) at wave length of 283,3 nm for lead (Pb), 213,9 nm for zinc (Zn) and 324,8 nm for copper (Cu). Result of research find average rates of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) from Labbakkang Pangkep is 0,0392 mg/kg and 0,0882 mg/kg. From result of research to showing that average rates Pb and Cu in the location, it is not over from still limit and according to Dirjen POM regulation.

ANALISIS KADAR TIMBAL (Pb), SENG (Zn) DAN TEMBAGA (Cu) PADA IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forsk.) YANG BERASAL DARI LABBAKKANG KAB. PANGKEP SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI SERAPAN ATOM (SSA)

The research was done to analysis of amount lead (Pb), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) at milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsk.) from Labbakkang Pangkep by Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry (AAS). Before to be analised, first to do destruction of milkfish ( Chanos chanos Forsk.) later on HNO 3 . Quantitative analysis used atomic absorbtion spectrophotometry (AAS) at wave length of 283,3 nm for lead (Pb), 213,9 nm for zinc (Zn) and 324,8 nm for copper (Cu). Result of research find average rates of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) from Labbakkang Pangkep is 0,0392 mg/kg and 0,0882 mg/kg. From result of research to showing that average rates Pb and Cu in the location, it is not over from still limit and according to Dirjen POM regulation.

Preparation and characterization of Cu-Zro2 nanocomposite by DC method

Cu-ZrO2 nanocomposite coatings prepared by electrodeposition method. In bath solution containing different amount of ZrO2 were studied. The structure, surface morphology, mechanical and corrosion resistance properties of nanocomposite are characterized by varies techniques. Cu-ZrO2 composite coatings have higher micro hardness, compared to pure copper coating. Surface morphology of both Cu and Cu–ZrO2 composite coatings were examined through Scanning electron microscopy. The results show that more number of zirconia particles incorporated into copper matrix and then smooth surface, finer grain sized. The incorporation of ZrO2 particles reduces the particle size. It shows the closer particle-particle contact leads to pore free deposition. The X-ray diffraction was conformed the crystallite size and structure of the electrodeposited Cu and Cu–ZrO2 composite coatings. The average crystallite size calculated from Scherrer equation was ~105 nm for copper and ~67 nm for Cu-ZrO2 composites. The structure of electrodeposited Cu and Cu–ZrO2 composite coatings were crystalline orthorhombic which was confirmed from the JCPDS standard. The corrosion resistance behavior of Cu–ZrO2 composite is examined through Tafel polarization and impedance measurement studies in 3.5% NaCl. The result shows that the Cu–ZrO2 composite coatings have more corrosion resistance than pure Cu coating.

Metal Nanoparticles Based Inkjet Ink for Advanced Circuit Board Application

This study investigates the synthesis of mono metallic (copper and silver) and bi-metallic (copper/silver core/shell) conductive nanopigments for inkjet printing. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as a main reducing agent followed by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a capping and dispersing agent. From the XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses, the synthesized mono and bi metallic particles were con?rmed to be in a nano scale with particle size 7, 8.5 and 15.5 nm for copper, silver and copper/silver core/shell, respectively. The prepared nanopigments were included in inkjet ink formulation and printed on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. The printed ink films were sintered at various temperatures (110, 150, 200). The results revealed that the resistivity of these particles was reduced by sintering and the resistivity of Cu, Ag and Cu/Ag patterns sintered in air at 200 ºC for 30 min were 3.1, 2.99 and 4.14 µ?-cm, respectively. The obtained results were in a good agreement with the published ones and insured the promising using of our products in metal-based inkjet printed circuit boards (PCB).

Infrared Nanosecond Laser Radiation in the Creation of Gold and Copper Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles inside glass present useful properties to photonic applications and have been object of several research works. In particular, laser beams have shown their potential in its creation and both ultraviolet beams with nanosecond pulses, and near-infrared beams with femtosecond pulses, have been used. In this paper, the authors add new possibilities by experimentally demonstrating that it is possible to achieve the same results by using near-infrared laser beams and nanosecond pulses. Copper and gold nanoparticles are created in silica-doped glass using nanosecond laser pulses in the near-infrared. Recorded absorption spectra of the glass samples before, and after laser irradiation and further annealing allowed measuring absorption peaks located at 537 nm for copper and 563 nm for gold, which are in accordance with the expected values. Based on Mie theory and using the full-width half maximum for those peaks, the average particle radii of the embedded nanoparticles was estimated to be about 7 nm for copper and 3 nm for gold nanoparticles, respectively.