Effect Of Nitrogen Management Research Articles

Residue retention and precision nitrogen management effects on soil physicochemical properties and productivity of maize-wheat-mungbean system in Indo-Gangetic Plains

Maize-based crop systems are promoted in large scale in South Asia because they are more sustainable and efficient than rice-based systems. In the present study, using two combinations of crop residue management practices (CRM) with four precision nitrogen (N) management (PNM) systems, we assessed the impacts on soil physicochemical characteristics [soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density (BD), soil penetration resistance (PR)] and crop yields in 6 years old continuous zero tillage (ZT) practices under maize-wheat-mungbean cropping system in a sandy loam soil of northwestern India. The highest SOC (5.73 g/kg) was observed in Zero Tillage with Residue Retention (ZT + R) plots. Zero-tillage with residue retention (ZT + R) significantly reduced the bulk density over the zero-tillage with no residue retention (ZT-R) across the soil depth. The bulk density in ZT + R was 6.5 and 10.7% lower at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm soil depth, respectively, than under ZT-R. The penetration resistance (PR) was significantly lower in ZT + R than in ZT-R across the soil depth. Soil organic carbon (SOC) in ZT + R was 7.4% higher at 0–15 cm depth and 11.9% higher at 15–30 cm depth than under ZT-R treatment. Among PNM treatments, the sequence of treatments in SOC content was 50%N + Green Seeker (GS) >33%N + GS > RDN > 70%N + GS. The system productivity (maize equivalent yield) under ZT + R in combination with 50%BN + GS was 15.0% higher than crops grown under ZT-R with RDN. The wheat equivalent yield under the ZT + R treatment is found to be higher (5.97) in the 50%BN + GS, which was 18% higher than the recommended dose of nitrogen treatment (5.04) and 28% higher than the 70%BN + GS treatment (4.68). Results demonstrated that plots with residue retention performed better, showing a 10% increase in system productivity. The study concludes that a ZT-based system with maize-based crop rotations (MWMb) with crop residue retention and precision nitrogen management can improve soil properties and system productivity in northwestern India.

Effect of nitrogen management on growth and yield of sweetcorn

Effect of nitrogen management on growth and yield of sweetcorn

Effect of Nitrogen Management and Biofertilizer on Productivity and Profitability of Rapeseed

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24 to effect of nitrogen and bio-fertilizer on growth and yield characters of Rapeseed variety “T-9” was used in this study. The required quantities of fertilizers were applied as per treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of nine treatments combinations i.e. T1-Azotobacter + 60 kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer (RDF), T2-Azotobacter + 45kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 15kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T3-Azotobacter + 30kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T4-PSB + 60kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer (RDF), T5-PSB + 45kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 15kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T6-PSB + 30kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM), T7-Azotobacter + PSB + 60kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer (RDF), T8-Azotobacter + PSB + 45kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer +15kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM) and T9-Azotobacter + PSB + 30kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30kg ha-1 N through poultry Manure (PM). The increased yield parameter such as a number of per siliqua, seed yield, stover yield harvest index was recorded with T9 (Azotobacter + PSB + 30 kg ha-1 N through inorganic Fertilizer + 30 kg ha-1 N through poultry manure).

Combination of Polymer-Coated Urea and Rapid-Release Urea Increases Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice by Improving Root and Shoot Activities

The use of polymer-coated urea (PCU) can improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), compared to the application of rapid-release urea (RU). However, the effect of PCU-based nitrogen management on grain yield and the NUE of rice and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. A japonica rice cultivar Jinxiangyu 1 was grown in the field with four treatments including N omission (0N), split application of RU (Control), one-time application of 100% PCU (T1), and one-time application of 70% PCU + 30% RU (T2). Results showed that, compared to the control, the grain yield was significantly increased in the T2 treatment, while it was comparable in the T1 treatment. This was mainly due to increased total spikelets in the T2 treatment. Root oxidation activity (ROA) and root zeatin (Z) + zeatin riboside (ZR) content during booting were the distinct advantages of the T2 treatment, compared to either the control or T1 treatment, exhibiting significant or highly significant correlations with leaf photosynthesis. This process contributed significantly to total spikelets and total N uptake. Additionally, the T2 treatment absorbed more N than the control without reducing the internal N use efficiency (IEN), primarily due to its unchanged harvest index (HI) driven by comparable non-structural carbohydrate remobilization. In conclusion, combining PCU with RU can enhance the coordination of root and shoot traits during booting while maintaining a competitive HI at maturity, thereby significantly improving grain yield and achieving a balance in N uptake and utilization.

Effect of nitrogen management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

Effect of nitrogen management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

Effect of Crop Establishment, Intermittent Submergence and Precision Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Rice

Effect of Crop Establishment, Intermittent Submergence and Precision Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Rice

Effect of Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2023 at Crop Research Farm Department of Agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology. To determine “Effect of Nitrogen Management on Growth and Yield of Pearl Millet” the result revealed that treatment 6 [25% Nitrogen through poultry manure + 75% Nitrogen through urea] recorded significantly higher plant height (183.10 cm), higher plant dry weight (64.49 g), higher ear head length (26.10 cm), maximum number of ear head/plant (2.20), higher grain yield (2.46 t/ha) and higher straw yield (6.79t/ha).

Short-term effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on paddy soil carbon pools under deep placement of basal fertilizer nitrogen

Active soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions are major driving factors of soil fertility. Understanding the effects of water and fertilizer management on changes in active SOC fractions helps improve soil quality and maintain high agricultural productivity. We conducted a 3-year field experiment in Northeast China. In this experiment, natural soil (CKT) was used as a blank, and two irrigation regimes were established: conventional flooded irrigation (FI) and controlled irrigation (CI). Four nitrogen application levels were set for both irrigation regimes under deep placement of basal fertilizer N: Nd0 (0 kg ha–1), Nd (110 kg ha–1), Nd1 (99 kg ha–1), and Nd2 (88 kg ha–1). After 3 years, at similar N fertilizer application rate, the rice yield, total organic carbon (TOC), and active SOC fraction content of CI were higher under CI than FI. The growth rate of rice yield was 3.8% − 8.63% under CI than FI. Under CI, the rice yield, active SOC fractions contents and carbon pool management index (CPMI) did not decrease with decreasing N application rate but instead reached the highest level in the CNd1 treatment. Overall, CI with Nd1 treatment appears to be the best practice for improving soil fertility and crop productivity in Northeast China.

Effect of plant geometry and nitrogen management on productivity in wheat

Effect of plant geometry and nitrogen management on productivity in wheat

Weed and nitrogen management effects on weed flora and productivity of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa) in North-Eastern region of India

A field study was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2017 at Barapani, Meghalaya, to find out the effects of weed and nitrogen management on weed flora and yield of transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) in North-Eastern region of India. The experiment was taken in split-plot design with 3 replications. In the main plot, 4 weed management practices, viz. unweeded control; oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha followed by (fb) bispyribac-Na 0.02 kg/ha; oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb hand weeding (HW) at 40 days after transplanting (DAT), and 2 HW at 20 and 40 DAT was taken, while 4 N levels, viz. 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha were taken in sub-plots. At 60 DAT, total weed population and weed density were remained at par in HW at 20 and 40 DAT, oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb HW at 40 DAT and oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb bispyribac-Na 0.02 kg/ha. The grain yield also followed the same trend and remained at par in HW at 20 and 40 DAT, oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb HW at 40 DAT and oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb bispyribac-Na 0.02 kg/ha. However, in terms of net returns, application of oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb bispyribac-Na 0.02 kg/ha recorded the highest followed by oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb HW at 40 DAT. Application of N at higher level reduced the total weed population at 60 DAT and a reverse trend was found with weed dry weight. Application of 90 kg N/ha recorded higher grain yield, net returns and benefit: cost ratio. It may be concluded that oxadiargyl 0.08 kg/ha fb bispyribac-Na 0.02 kg/ha with 90 kg N/ha could be an alternative for HW to enhance the productivity in transplanted rice for North-Eastern region of India.

Response of spring rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to different nitrogen application methods at Nawalparasi West, Nepal

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation necessitates an adequate supply of nitrogen to achieve optimal growth and yield. This study, conducted in Nawalparasi West from February to June 2023, aimed to assess the effects of nitrogen management through a foliar spray of nano urea, compared to need-based nitrogen management using the Leaf Color Chart (LCC) and the Recommended Dose of urea Fertilizer (RDF) application. The experiment followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications, incorporating four nitrogen management levels (Control, RDF through urea fertilizer (120 kg/ha), 25% of RDF through basal urea (30 kg/ha) + nano urea, and 25% of RDF through basal urea (30 kg/ha) + (LCC) and two rice varieties (Chaite-5 and Hardinath-1). The results indicated that the LCC-based treatment produced the highest grain yield at 5.18 mt/ha, statistically similar to the yield of the nano urea-based treatment (5.04 mt/ha). The enhanced yields were attributed to more effective tillers per m² (260.17 tillers/m² and 253.17 tillers/m², respectively), longer panicle length (28.12 cm and 25.99 cm), more filled grains per panicle (210.03 and 215.73), and lower sterility percentage (24.93% and 26.95%). Despite comparable yields, nano urea application proved to be more cost-effective [97,926.10 Nepalese Rupees (NRs)] with a higher benefit-cost ratio (1.78) and greater ease of application for farmers compared to the LCC. Varietal responses varied, with Hardinath-1 exhibiting the highest yield with LCC-based nitrogen application (5.37 mt/ha), and Chaite-5 demonstrating the highest yield (4.778 mt/ha); with nano urea-based nitrogen application (5.31 mt/ha). Chaite-5 displayed a greater effective number of tillers per m² (241.42 tillers/m²) and filled grains per panicle (224.56). Consequently, it is suggested that nano urea-based nitrogen application, particularly in conjunction with a variety of Chaite-5, holds the potential for improved productivity.

Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization management on soil properties and leaf traits and yield of Sapindus mukorossi.

Rational fertilization is the main measure to improve crop yield, but there are differences in the optimal effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) rationing exhibited by the same crop species in different regions and soil conditions. In order to determine the optimum fertilization ratio for high yield of Sapindus mukorossi in western Fujian to provide scientific basis. We carried out the experimental design with different ratios of N, P and K to investigate the effects of fertilization on the yield. and leaf physiology of Sapindus mukorossiand soil properties. Results showed that the yield of Sapindus mukorossi reached the highest value (1464.58 kg ha-1) at N2P2K2 treatment, which increased to 1056.25 kg ha-1 compared with the control. There were significant differences in the responses of soil properties and leaf physiological factors to fertilization treatments. Factor analysis showed that the integrated scores of soil factors and leaf physiological characteristic factors of Sapindus mukorossi under N2P2K2 fertilization treatment were the highest, which effectively improved the soil fertility and leaf physiological traits. The yield of Sapindus mukorossi showed a highly significant linear positive correlation with the integrated scores (r=0.70, p<0.01). Passage analysis showed that soil available nitrogen content, organic carbon content, and leaf area index were the key main factors to affect the yield. RDA showed that soil organic carbon and available phosphorus were the most important factors to affect leaf physiological traits. We recommend that the optimum fertilization ratio of Sapindus mukorossi was 0.96Kg N, 0.80Kg P and 0.64Kg K per plant. Reasonable fertilization can improve soil fertility and leaf physiological traits, while excessive fertilization has negative effects on soil fertility, leaf physiology and yield. This study provides theoretical support for scientific cultivation of woody oil seed species.

Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Management on Potato Growth, Yield, and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies

Irrigation and nitrogen management are crucial for sustainable potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production. A field experiment was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at Farmington, New Mexico, to evaluate the performance of two chip potato varieties (Lamoka and Waneta) under three irrigation regimes (full irrigation (FI), 20% deficit irrigation (DI) and 40% DI) and seven nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 60, 115, 170, 220, 280, and 340 kg N/ha). The treatment combinations of irrigation regimes, nitrogen rates, and varieties were arranged in a split–split plot design with three replications as main plot, sub-plot, and sub-sub plot, respectively. The two-year results showed that irrigation regimes had the most significant effect on plant growth, physiology, and tuber yield of the potato varieties. For both Lamoka and Waneta, the plant height and canopy cover were lower under 40% DI than under 20% DI and FI treatments. The SPAD meter values were higher under 40% DI, followed by 20% DI and FI treatments, whereas the stomatal conductance was higher under FI, followed by 20% DI and 40% DI during both growing seasons. Regardless of nitrogen rates and variety, a 20% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced the total tuber yield by 4.5% and 22.1% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, while the 40% water-saving irrigation strategy reduced total tuber yield by 36.8% and 58.2% in the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons, respectively, as compared to full irrigation. Shifting from full irrigation to 20% DI could save 711.2 to 1036.3 m3/ha of irrigation water. For Lamoka, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 220 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. For Waneta, the highest total tuber yield was obtained with 115 kg N/ha under 20% DI and 170 kg N/ha under FI in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained at 60 kg N/ha with 20% DI for both Lamoka and Waneta in 2022, while maximum WUE was obtained at 220 kg N/ha under FI for Lamoka and at 170 kg N/ha for Waneta in the 2023 season. The maximum nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was achieved with 60 kg N/ha under 20% DI for both varieties during both growing seasons. Thus, for sustainable irrigation and nitrogen management, the application of a 20% deficit irrigation strategy with a lower nitrogen rate (60 to 170 kg N/ha) could be the best option to improve WUE and NUE with minimal tuber yield reduction. Our study suggested that 40% deficit irrigation would not be beneficial as compared to both full irrigation and 20% water-saving irrigation.

Effect of Nitrogen Management through Nano Fertilizers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.)

A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2022-23 at Integrated Farming System demonstration unit, L-block, GKVK, Bengaluru, consisting 11 treatments replicated thrice and laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design. The treatments consisted of T1-(No nitrogen), T2-Nitrogen management as per package of practices (UASB), T3-50%RDN+foliar spray of nano-N at 30 and 50 DAS, T4-50%RDNP+ foliar spray of nano-NP at 30 and 50 DAS, T5-Foliar spray of only nano-N at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T6-Foliar spray of only nano-NP at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T7-25%RDN+foliar spray of nano-N at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T8-25%RDNP+foliar spray of nano-NP at 30, 50 and 70 DAS, T9-100% RDN+NDVI based nano-N spray, T10-100% RDN+NDVI based nano-NP spray and T11-100% RDN+NDVI based conventional urea spray. The results revealed that application of 100%RDN+NDVI based nano-N spray recorded higher plant height (229.3 cm), number of leaves at 90 DAS (15.76), dry matter production (354.9 g plant-1), GreenSeeker reading at 30, 50 and at 70 DAS after spray (0.43, 0.58 and 0.73, respectively), cob length, cob girth and cob weight (20.5 cm, 5.49 cm and 201.9 g plant-1, respectively) and higher kernel and stover yield (7729 and 8948 kg ha-1, respectively)over other treatments and on it was par with 100% RDN+NDVI based conventional urea spray and 100% RDN + NDVI based nano NP spray.

Effect of nitrogen management and phosphorus levels on growth, yield attributes and yield of summer fodder pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) varieties

Effect of nitrogen management and phosphorus levels on growth, yield attributes and yield of summer fodder pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) varieties

Effect of crop residue and nitrogen management on nutrient content and quality of rice in rice-wheat cropping system

Effect of crop residue and nitrogen management on nutrient content and quality of rice in rice-wheat cropping system

Nitrogen and weed management effects on soybean (Glycine max L.) yield in Kandahar, Afghanistan

Soybean [Glycine max (L.)] ranks fourth among the most important crops in the world, following maize (1017 Mt), wheat (713 Mt) and rice (741 Mt). In 2014, soybean was grown in an area of about 111 M ha worldwide. The global production of soybean has shown a rising trend over the years (79 Mt in 1983, 115 Mt in 1993, 191 Mt in 2003, and 276 Mt in 2013). To assess the impact of weed and N management on soybean growth and productivity, a field experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications during the spring season of 2020-21 at the Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar, Afghanistan. The main plot treatments consisted of three weed management options, namely weedy check, pendimethalin 1 kg/ha at 1-2 DAS followed by 1 hand weeding at 25 DAS and pendimethalin 1 kg/ha at 1-2 DAS followed by Imazethapyr 100 g/ha at 25 DAS. The sub-plot treatments included four N levels (~0, 40, 60 and 80 kg N/ha, i.e., N0, N40, N60 and N80). Weed and N management had significant effects on all the growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of soybean. The highest values of plant height, leaf area index, DMA per plant, grain yield, Stover yield, biological yield and harvest index were recorded with the application of pendimethalin fb imazethapyr with 80 kg N/ha. Therefore, it is suggested that pendimethalin fb imazethapyr with 80 kg N/ha should be applied for effective weed control and higher soybean production and income in Kandahar, Afghanistan.

Residual effect of INM on mungbean (Vigna radiata) growth, yield uptake and nutrient balance

A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2019–20 and summer season of 2020–21 at Byrasandra village, Karnataka to study the residual effects of integrated nitrogen management (INM) in maize (Zea mays L.) on succeeding mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] growth, yield, and soil properties. The residual effect of treatment involving 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% recommended dose of farmyard manure (RD FYM) +25% RDN through vermicompost to kharif maize resulted in significant (P&lt;0.05) taller mungbean plants (25.4 cm), more leaves (16.0), increased pod count (21.7), longer pods (9.7 cm), higher test weight (4.4 g), seed yield (880.4 kg/ha) and haulm yield (1815.8 kg/ha) at harvest compared to the control group. After mungbean harvest, plots treated with 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 50% recommended dose of farmyard manure (RD FYM) + M 25% RDN through vermicompost showed significantly higher uptake of total N, total P, and total K (50.8, 9.3, and 49.1 kg/ha, respectively) compared to the control, improving soil nutrient balance and achieving the highest benefit-cost ratio in Alfisols.

Crop yield, water use efficiency and economic assessment of purple broccoli (Brassica oleracea) across varied water and nitrogen management practices

Inefficient management of irrigation and fertilizers emerges as the primary hurdle constraining the crop performance, profitability of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) production, resource wastage and environmental harm. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The research focused on investigating the effect of irrigation techniques and nitrogen management on broccoli yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and economic feasibility. The two main irrigation methods of drip irrigation and furrow irrigation as main factor, 2 irrigation regimes of full irrigation (100% ETC) and limited irrigation (75% ETC) as sub-factor, 3 nitrogen doses (N) of 125, 100 and 75% recommended dose of N as sub-sub factor were given and replicated thrice. The study aimed to analyse the yield, water use efficiency and assessment of economics under diverse irrigation water and N-management approaches. Under drip irrigation the mean yield and water-use efficiency shown substantial increase by 12 and 52% in comparison with furrow irrigated purple broccoli grown under the same condition. The highest benefit to cost (B:C) ratio of 3.81 and 4.79 was obtained in the treatment DRI1N1 during 2020–21 and 2021–22, respectively. Undoubtedly, the significance of adequate irrigation regime (100% ETC) and optimal N dose (125% RDN) became apparent, as they played significant roles in enhancing crop performance and ensuring the attainment of maximum broccoli yield, WUE and economics in Trans-Gangetic Plains region.

Effect of tillage, residue and nitrogen management on yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat (Triticum aestivum)

A two-year field study was carried out during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with the aim of examining the impacts of various methods of tillage, residue management and nitrogen (N) application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency in terms of Partial Factor Productivity of Nitrogen (PFPN). The study utilized a split-split plot design with 3 replications, where the main plot consisted of two tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage (NT)], the subplot comprised 2 residue levels [maize residue @5 t/ ha (R+) and no residue (R0)], and the sub-sub plot involved 3 N levels [60, 120, and 180 kg N/ha, representing 50% (N60 kg N/ha), 100% (N120 kg N/ha), and 150% (N180 kg N/ha)] respectively. The results indicated that both tillage and residue management considerably influenced the grain and biomass yield of wheat. Over the two years, NT exhibited a 7% higher WUE compared to CT, but the change was insignificant. However, in years with lower rainfall, crop residue mulching had a significant positive impact on WUE, while in years with higher rainfall; its effect on WUE was insignificant. Moreover, tillage practices had a considerable effect on the PFPN. In the year 2020–21, PFPN under NT was 3.59% higher than under CT, and in the year 2021–22, it was 2.06% higher. Furthermore, with an increase in N levels, WUE showed a substantial increase, while PFPN decreased.