Nitrogen In River Water Research Articles

Ammoniacal Nitrogen Contaminant in Water of Kaliori Landfill Area in Banyumas

Kaliori Landfill is one of the inactive landfills in Banyumas Regency. The presence of garbage and a full leachate pond in the area is feared to pollute the waters around the landfill. One of the water quality parameters is ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 in 2001. The aim of this research was to find the quality of water in landfill area based on ammoniacal nitrogen parameter. The water studied was one sample of leachate, two samples of river water and five samples of ground water in the landfill area with a radius less than 1 kilometers. Spectrophotometry method was used to find NH3-N concentration. Based on the test results, leachate and ground water have reach ammoniacal nitrogen quality standard, there were <2.0 mg/L and <0.5 mg/L respectively. Meanwhile, the ammoniacal nitrogen in river water was >2.5 mg/L, they have exceeded the established quality standards.

Effect of hydrodynamics on the transformation of nitrogen in river water by regulating the mass transfer performance of dissolved oxygen in biofilm

Biofilms drive crucial ecosystem processes in rivers. This study provided the basis for overall quantitative calculations about the contribution of biofilms to the nitrogen cycle. At the early stage of biofilm formation, dissolved oxygen (DO) could penetrate the biofilms. As the biofilm grew and the thickness increased, then the mass transfer of DO was restricted. The microaerobic layer firstly appeared in biofilm under the turbulent flow conditions, with the appearance of the microaerobic and anaerobic layer, the nitrification and denitrification reaction could proceed smoothly in biofilm. And the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) increased as the biofilm matured. Under the turbulent flow conditions, mature biofilms had the smallest thickness, but the highest proportion the anaerobic layer to the biofilm thickness, the highest density, and the highest nitrogen removal efficiency. However, the nitrogen removal efficiency of biofilm was the lowest under laminar flow conditions. The difference of layered structure of biofilm and the DO flux in biofilm explained the difference of nitrogen migration and transformation in river water under different hydrodynamic conditions. This study would help control the growth of biofilm and improve the nitrogen removal capacity of biofilm by regulating hydrodynamic conditions.

Combined effects of damming and drought on nitrogen dynamics in an ephemeral river of North China

Damming and drought have dramatically altered water cycle dynamics in rivers, which further affects nitrogen biogeochemical cycles; however, their combined effects have rarely been studied, especially for ephemeral rivers with variable water flows. Taking the Dagu River of North China as the study area, we examined the spatiotemporal variability of nitrogen in river water and its relation to damming and drought. The total nitrogen (TN), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and NO3‾ concentrations varied significantly in space and time, but the NH4+ and NO2‾ concentrations changed little. Spatially, compared with the upper reaches, the TN, DIN and NO3‾ concentrations in the lower reaches decreased by 71%, 81% and 85%, respectively, which was concurrent with the isotopic enrichment of nitrate. Temporally, their concentrations in dry seasons were more than twice of wet seasons, and increased from 2018 (normal year) to 2019 (dry year). The cascade dams may promote the NO3‾ removal towards the lower reaches through assimilation, which combined with nitrification and strong evaporation to enhance δ18O–NO3‾ enrichment and disproportionate δ15N–NO3‾/δ18O–NO3‾ ratio. Further, the damming effects can be aggravated by droughts because of no flow, extended nitrogen residence time and increased groundwater discharge with higher nitrogen contents, which jointly elevated the nitrogen level. Hence, the combined effects of damming and drought should be fully considered for management of water environment and resources in regions with ephemeral rivers.

An innovative material for simultaneous removal of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen in river water: Preparation and application

An innovative material for simultaneous removal of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen in river water: Preparation and application

Changes in the Surface Water Nitrogen Content in the Upper Hun River Basin, Northeast China.

Human activities have considerably increased nitrogen intake into waterways, resulting in the deterioration of water quality. The state of surface water requires special consideration in light of the water crisis caused by nitrogen pollution. In this study, the natural abundance of the nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) is measured and sampled in sediments and compared with the total dissolved nitrogen (DN) in four main Chinese tributaries of Hun River upper reach, including the Dasuhe, Beisanjia, Beikouqian, and Nanzamu tributaries. Results show that for the Dasuhe and Nankouqian tributaries, the δ15N values of sediment samples in 2016 are all significantly higher than previous values in 2011. In the Dasuhe tributary, this change is attributed to the promotion of organic agricultural production under which chemical fertilizers are replaced by organic fertilizers. For the δ15N values of the sediment in the Nankouqian tributary, the construction of the municipal sewer system and wastewater treatment facilities are the causes of this rising trend. The δ15N values of nitrate released by facilities could be raised by microbial denitrification that is employed in the tertiary treatment process. Most of the δ15N values of the sediments are distributed between soil and manure, indicating that nitrogen in the river water mainly comes from agriculture. All the surveyed tributaries except Dasuhe show a significant increase in DN. In addition, a significant positive correlation between the change ratio of the farmland area and DN in river water is observed, suggesting that the increase in nitrogen in river water from 2011 to 2016 is due to agriculture. Based on the abovementioned data, this study provides a basis for local governments to formulate management measures.

Nitrogen Mineralization in Mississippi River Deltaic Plain Freshwater Floating Marshes

ABSTRACTThe mineralization of soil organic nitrogen in two floating marshes types in Louisiana, USA with different vegetation and mat thickness (and biomass) was measured by incubating peat soil in situ in polyethylene bottles at depths of 10 and 25 cm. The size of the extractable inorganic N (NH4+ – N) pool was related to mat thickness and soil bulk density. The N mineralization rates were twice as great at the thick mat site (1.5 mg N/kg soil/day) compared to the thin mat floating marsh (0.71 mg N/kg soil/day). The amount mineralized on a volume basis to 30 cm depth were 22 mg N/m2/day for the thick mat marsh and 6 mg N/m2/day for the thin mat marsh. The nitrogen mineralization rates observed in this study reflect plant biomass differences between the thick mat and thin mat marshes, with the former exhibiting approximately 7-fold greater biomass. These low overall mineralization rates suggest that nitrogen entering these freshwater floating marshes from Mississippi River water percolating through the root zone, would result in increased plant productivity-increasing marsh stability and also providing a natural mechanism contributing to the processing and removal of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in river water entering these wetlands.

Larvae of Ephemeroptera group as bioindicators of water quality of the South Ural rivers

The paper contains the analysis of a possibility to use green drakes larvae of Ephemeroptera group for bioindicator researches during environmental monitoring of the South Ural rivers. Collection and analysis of types constancy of green drakes larvae was carried out in 2005 to 2016 in 17 state water posts on the territory of the South Ural rivers. As chemical characteristics the author used the index of content of compounds of manganese, nickel and iron, oil products, phenols, nitrogen ammonium, coppers, zinc, chemical oxygen consumption (COC), biological oxygen consumption in 5 days (BOC₅), sulfates, chlorides, nitrite nitrogen in river waters. In total constancy dynamics of 13 species larvae of mayflies was analyzed. The author has made a list of constant, additive and casual types of representatives of Ephemeroptera group. Significant correlative dependences between constancy of larvae of species of mayflies with a number of hydrochemical indexes are revealed statistically. The paper contains regression models for the constancy forecast of larvae of green drakes depending on concentration of the pollutant.

Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of rivers in the light of Redfield ratio

Abstract. A. Redfield entered the history of hydroecology due to the discovery of a unique stoichiometric ratio of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus – 106: 16: 1 – in the marine plankton, which it was later named after the author – the Redfield Ratio. Furthermore, A. Redfield established, that the stoichiometric ratio of Carbon, Nitrogen and Phosphorus in seawater is supported on the average level and it is 1017 : 15 : 1. On the basis of established stoichiometric ratios A. Redfield came to the conclusion that exactly Nitrogen is a limiting factor in the marine environment, because the ratio of its average statistical stoichiometric availability in seawater turned out lower than the average stoichiometric utilization of plankton. Also the merit of A. Redfield is the was established by him the carbon and nitrogen forms, which make the greatest contribution to the pool of these elements are available for plankton. After Redfield the studies by the CNP-stoichiometry of water and plankton in marine and ocean ecosystems were carried out by a number of researchers. However, the CNP-stoichiometry of rivers water fell out of the field of view of hydroecologists. The authors of this publication tried to fill this gap. The purpose of the studies was to establish the peculiarities of CNP-stoichiometry of river ecosystems in comparison with marine ecosystems and it determine the contribution of different forms of carbon and nitrogen to the pool of these elements which available for plankton in river water. The research was conducted during the summer low water period (2014) at the at monitoring stations of watershed of the three rivers of the Carpathian region within the Chernivtsi region. It is Dniester, Prut and Siret. Water samples were taken by a bathometer at 16 sites (near 8 forest and 8 meadow floodplains) of each of the 15 monitoring stations. Under laboratory conditions, the nitrate content was determined by the nitrate meter (H-401). Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates was determined by titrimetrically method. Phosphates, ammonia and nitrites was determined by photocolorimetrically method. Like Redfield, the stoichiometric availability of Сarbon and Nitrogen in river water was estimated as the ratio of the molar concentrations of the corresponding elements to the molar Phosphorus concentration. For the first time the features of CNP stoichiometry of the rivers were installed in comparison with the marine stoichiometry. The stoichiometric ratio of total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in river water of the Carpathian region is 938C: 59N: 1P and the ratios of their stoichiometric availability to stoichiometric utilization by plankton is 8,9C : 3,7N : 1P. It was shown that stoichiometric availability of energetically favorable for the assimilation by plankton by forms of carbon and nitrogen – СО2 и NH4+ – in the rivers water is greatly reduced, and do not cover the necessary level of stoichiometric utilization of these elements by plankton. It is proved that the greatest contribution in the river water to the pool of stoichiometric available of carbon and nitrogen contributes HCO3-, а азота – NО3- in accordance. It was found that the main limiting factor of growth of and development of plankton in rivers of the Carpathian region appears phosphorus whose balanced share in CNP ratio is an order of magnitude lower than that it need for the utilization by plankton.

Monthly change and mass balance of nitrogen in river water and spring water in the Shira river basin

Monthly change and mass balance of nitrogen in river water and spring water in the Shira river basin

Using dual isotopes to identify sources and transformations of nitrogen in water catchments with different land uses, Loess Plateau of China.

Nitrogen pollution in rivers is a research hotspot in the field of biogeochemistry. However, the types and sources of pollution have historically been poorly understood in the water catchments of the Loess Plateau in China. In this study, we have chosen the main waterway and four lesser branches of the Jinghe River that vary by land use. We investigated the concentrations and isotopic signatures of nitrogen in river water. Our results revealed that nitrate was the dominant nitrogen type in river catchments of the Loess Plateau. The δ(15)N and δ(18)O values showed that NO3 (-) ions in the studied river samples were derived from precipitation, manure, sewage, soil organic nitrogen, and synthetic NO3 (-) fertilizer. The δ(18)O-NO3 (-) values during July 2012 (mean ± SD = +18.1 ± 1.5‰) were higher than those during the September 2013 (mean ± SD = +7.8 ± 3.7‰), which indicated that mixing with atmospheric NO3 (-) resulted in the high δ(18)O values during July 2012. It appears that no intense nitrification and denitrification occurred in all five rivers according to the isotopic and chemical data. A Bayesian model was used to determine the contributions of four NO3 (-) sources to all five rivers. Results showed that source contributions differ significantly between July and September, and the four potential NO3 (-) sources also showed high variability between the different land use areas.

The decomposition rates of organic phosphorus and organic nitrogen in river waters

The decomposition rates of organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus in lakes and rivers can be important parameters in water quality model calibrations. Commonly, decomposition rate coefficients are calibrated by observing the changes in each component in the field survey. However, in natural field conditions, production and decomposition occur at the same time, and the calibrations may result in uncertainties. In this study, water samples collected from six major rivers in Korea were incubated for 20 days in a dark incubator and the decomposition rates of POP, DOP, LDOP, PON, DON, LPON, LDON, ammonia, and nitrite were determined. By excluding the interference of photosynthesis, animal grazing, and excretion, the decomposition rate coefficients were determined with less uncertainty than in natural conditions. The decomposition data were fit to first-order models of several decomposition pathways, including POP → DIP, POP → DOP → DIP, LPOP → LDOP → DIP, , and . The decomposition rates of dissolved forms were five–seven times higher than particulate forms. And the rates of organic P (0.149 day−1 for LPOP and 0.718 day−1 for LDOP) were 1.6 times higher than those of organic N (0.093 day−1 for LPON and 0.472 day−1 for LDON). Traditionally, the decomposition rates of organic phosphorus and organic nitrogen are not discriminated; the same rate is applied to organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The result of this study shows that organic phosphorus and nitrogen should be given different decomposition rates for more accurate models. The rate coefficients measured in this study will provide a guide to the selection of model parameters for water quality modeling.

Isotopic indicators of carbon and nitrogen cycles in river catchments during soil erosion in the arid Loess Plateau of China

Water and soil erosion are serious issues in the Loess Plateau in China. The carbon and nitrogen cycles along river catchments during the soil erosion process have historically been poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and isotopic signatures of carbon and nitrogen in river water, river-suspended materials and soil. Our results revealed that, in river catchments, from the water sources to their confluence with larger rivers, (1) the isotopic signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) varied from −9.2 to −6.7‰ in May and from −12.9 to −9.3‰ in August. In addition, δ13CDIC values were more negative in August than in May. These differences may be related to changes in the source and soil erosion. (2) The NO3− nitrogen isotopic signature of the water ranged from 5.1 to 10.3‰ in May and from 3.5 to 6.4‰ in August. The δ15Norg of the suspended material also became more positive; similar trends can help us to understand the N cycle during soil erosion. Our investigation suggests that soil CO2/carbonates and soil NO3− are dissolved into the Loess Plateau rivers during rainfall and soil erosion. The concentration and the isotopic signatures of carbon and nitrogen in rivers can be used for the quantitative evaluation of carbon and nitrogen transfer from the soil to the Loess Plateau rivers.

河川水 (水道原水) 中のTOC 濃度が1960年代前半に戻っていない

The concentrations of Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and ammonium nitrogen in river waters is returning to the early 1960s, but potassium permanganate consumption and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations does not return. It is thought that their cause comes from the not decreasing of the refractory dissolved organic matter. It seems that refractory dissolved organic matter in raw water is originated from treated water of wastewater treatment plant.These organic compositions of hydrophobic organic matter and hydrophilic organic matter in refractory dissolved organic matter are not elucidated.

Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen in River Water and Groundwater in an Agriculturally-Dominated Catchment, South-East Spain

This study examines the relationship between dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN: NH4 + + NO2 − + NO3 −) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) in river water and groundwater in an agriculturally-dominated catchment in south-east Spain, and estimates the contribution of DON to the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) concentrations. The studied aquifer-dependent river system consists of Quaternary alluvial sediments deposited by the Guadalquivir River and its tributaries, with both river water and groundwater in the catchment being aerobic. DON is the predominant form of nitrogen in river water (72−97% of the TDN), whereas its proportion to TDN varies considerably in groundwater (<1−99%). A seasonal pattern in the concentration of dissolved nitrate in river water was observed, whereas DON concentrations showed no significant change during the study period. The export of DON from the Guadalquivir River is approximately 2 kg N ha−1 year−1 and is an order of magnitude higher than the export of DON from pristine catchments. Dissolved nitrate concentrations in groundwater were slightly higher in winter and DON concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in summer. It is found that agricultural soils constitute the main storage of organic nitrogen in the catchment with a steady leaching of high DON concentrations into the alluvial aquifer system (mean value 19.1 mg N L−1), and so indicating that DON should not be overlooked in the nitrogen budgets of agriculturally-dominated catchments.

Determination of Total Nitrogen in River Water Based on Diazotization Coupling Reaction in the Presence of Vanadium Chloride after Oxidative Pretreatment with Peroxodisulfate

A convenient method was proposed for the spectrophotometric determination of total nitrogen in sewage and river-water samples. Each water sample was taken into glass bottles with screw caps and then heated at 120°C for 30 min after the addition of potassium peroxodisulfate, by which nitrogen-containing compounds were quantitatively oxidized into nitrate. The determination of the resulting nitrate was performed by measuring the absorbance at 540 nm after a diazotization coupling reaction of N -naphthylethylenediamine and sulfanylamide in the presence of nitrite generated from the reduction of nitrate with vanadium chloride. The proposed method could be applied to the determination of total nitrogen in sewage and river-water samples. Analytical data obtained by the proposed method were highly correlated to those determined by the UV method (JIS method). The sensitivity of the proposed method is superior to those of spectrophotometric methods reported so far.

Utilization of the Nitrogen in River Water by Using the Water as Irrigation to the Carrot Cultivation in Sandy Soil

Utilization of the Nitrogen in River Water by Using the Water as Irrigation to the Carrot Cultivation in Sandy Soil

Nitrogen contamination in the Yellow River basin of China.

Nitrogen contamination is one of the most serious problems in the Yellow River of China. This study was conducted to analyze monitoring data on nitrogen contamination for the Yellow River basin in the years 1980, 1990, 1997, and 1999. Several significant results have arisen from the study. First, in conjunction with an increase in economic indexes from the Yellow River's upper basin to its lower basin, the nitrogen concentration in the tributaries also showed an increasing trend from the upper to the lower basin, which, in turn, led to an increase in the nitrogen concentration of the mainstream from the upper to the lower reaches. Second, nitrogen in the river water in the mainstream and the tributaries of the Yellow River was attributed mainly to point sources. In spite of the fact that the ratio of point to nonpoint sources decreased from 2.7 in 1990 to 1.8 in 1997 for total inorganic nitrogen in river water at the Tongguan Station in the lower basin, point sources increased more than nonpoint sources. Third, the ammonium nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen content of the river water increased significantly in the mainstream and the tributaries during the 1980-1999 period, a change caused by an increase in wastewater discharge and nitrogenous fertilizer application in the Yellow River catchment.

Modeling of nitrogen in river water using a detailed and a simplified model.

To model catchment surface water quantity and quality, different model types are available. They vary from detailed physically based models to simplified conceptual and empirical models. The most appropriate model type for a certain application depends on the project objectives and the data availability. The detailed models are very useful for short-term simulations of representative events. They cannot be used for long-term statistical information or as a management tool. For those purposes, more simplified (conceptual or meta-) models must be used. In this study, nitrogen dynamics are modeled in a river in Flanders. Nitrogen sources from agricultural leaching and domestic point sources are considered. Based on this input, concentrations of ammonium (NH4-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) in the river water are modeled in MIKE 11 by taking into consideration advection and dispersion and the most important biological and chemical processes. Model calibration was done on the basis of available measured water quality data. To this detailed model, a more simplified model was calibrated with the objective to more easily yield long-term simulation results that can be used in a statistical analysis. The results show that the conceptual simplified model is 1800 times faster than the MIKE 11 model. Moreover the two models have almost the same accuracy. The detailed models are recommended for short-term simulations unless there are enough data for model input and model parameters. The conceptual simplified model is recommended for long-term simulations.

Accuracy of determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in river waters: Analytical Quality Control in the Harmonised Monitoring Scheme

Accuracy of determination of ammoniacal nitrogen in river waters: Analytical Quality Control in the Harmonised Monitoring Scheme