NiSO4 Aqueous Solution Research Articles

Nickel Sulfate Aqueous Solutions Thermal Chemistry and Enthalpy of Ni2+ Cation Formation at the Temperature 298.15 K

Calorimeter with an isothermal shell was used at a temperature of 298.15 K to measure the following parameters: enthalpy of NiSO4(k) dissolution in water followed by generation of two molar concentration solutions; enthalpy of four NiSO4 aqueous solutions dilution having various molar concentrations followed by generation of solutions with approximately the same concentration values. Based on the data obtained, enthalpy and ion association constant in the NiSO4 aqueous solution, as well as standard enthalpy of the aqueous solution formation, were determined for the indicated compound. The latter value made it possible to establish a more accurate value of standard enthalpy in the Ni2+ cation formation in an aqueous solution, which turned out to be equal to --52.3 ± 0.5 kJ/mol.

Development of new electrode materials for thermo-electrochemical cells for waste heat harvesting

Thermoelectrochemical cells (thermogalvanic elements, thermo-cells) are the promising devices for sustainably generating electricity from waste heat. These systems directly convert heat into electricity with a performance governed by the properties of the electrode materials and electrolyte. The influence of the nature of electrodes on fundamental properties such as the Seebeck coefficient and power output are investigated in this work. Two different metal electrodes (Zn(s) and Ni(s)) not studied before in the thermogalvanic applications are examined in the ZnSO4 and NiSO4 aqueous solutions respectively, and compared with conventional Cu(s) electrodes (in the CuSO4 solution). It is established that for the copper and zinc electrodes, the experimental values ​​do correspond to theoretical values ​​and are well correlated with the data for similar thermogalvanic cells published earlier. It has been recognized that in the case of the nickel electrode there is a two-step mechanism and extremely high (for aqueous systems), value ​​of the hypothetical Seebeck coefficient (about of 2.83 mV/K with a temperature gradient in the range of 30–60 K) is observed. It is shown that nickel electrode ensures double power output in comparison with previously studied copper one, which makes it highly promising for further research. It is supposed that the effect obtained with Ni electrodes characterized with well-developed surface area allows producing the commercial thermo-electrochemical cells for waste heat harvesting.

Electrochemical Studies of Nano Metal Oxide Reinforced Nickel Hydroxide Materials for Energy Storage Applications

The electrode materials for secondary battery and supercapacitor applications have been synthesized by co-precipitation of nickel hydroxide in NiSO4 aqueous solution and subsequently reinforced with MgO, ZnO, TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles (NPs). These nickel hydroxide materials exhibit a typical β-phase when characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Further, addition of nanoparticles additives have shown a variation in the band gap of nickel hydroxide as noticed from diffuse reflectance spectral (DRS) analysis. The electrochemical characteristics have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The CV measurements indicate an increase in the reversibility of the electrode reaction whereas by reducing the EO-ER value, nano metal oxide reinforced β-Ni(OH)2 exhibits an improved capacitance by increasing the conductivity of an electrode as evident from EIS measurements. Galvanostatic charge-discharge tests for the β-Ni(OH)2 samples with nano metal oxide additives have shown excellent capacitance performance in battery and supercapacitor applications. These results may offer new pathways for the development of novel materials for energy storage applications in general and contribute to the development of this niche area at large.

Cross-sectional Observation of Ni/Cu and Ni/Ni-P Multilayer Films Electrodeposited with Pulses of a Constant Current and their Dependence of Wear Resistance on Layer Thickness

To improve the wear resistance of deposited films, Ni multilayer films containing copper （Cu） or phosphorus （P） were prepared electrochemically by application of pulses of a constant current from a NiSO4 aqueous solution in the presence of copper sulfate （CuSO4） or phosphoric acid （H3PO3）. Films prepared on the copper （Cu） substrates have structures （Ni/Cu or Ni/Ni-P） that include a Ni layer of controlled thickness and a thin Cu or Ni-P layer, where the two layers （Ni and thin Cu layers or Ni and thin Ni-P layers） are laminated alternately. The wear resistance of the prepared Ni/Cu and Ni/Ni-P multilayer films was higher than those of conventional Ni-P bulk films or an Ni/Cu multilayer film composed of Ni and Cu layers having equal thickness. It is noteworthy that the Ni/Ni-P multilayer film wear resistance improved with decreasing thickness of the Ni layer, even for Ni layer distance less than 10 nm. The Ni/Ni-P multilayer exhibited the best wear resistance performance at the minimum Ni layer distance used in this study: 3 nm. A new wear resistive multilayer was developed.

“Thought experiments” as dry-runs for “tough experiments”: novel approaches to the hydration behavior of oxyanions

Abstract We explore the deconvolution of correlations for the interpretation of the microstructural behavior of aqueous electrolytes according to the neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution (NDIS) approach toward the experimental determination of ion coordination numbers of systems involving oxyanions, in particular, sulfate anions. We discuss the alluded interplay in the title of this presentation, emphasized the expectations, and highlight the significance of tackling the challenging NDIS experiments. Specifically, we focus on the potential occurrence of N i 2 + ⋯ S O 4 2 − $N{i^{2 + }} \cdots SO_4^{2 - }$ pair formation, identify its signature, suggest novel ways either for the direct probe of the contact ion pair (CIP) strength and the subsequent correction of its effects on the measured coordination numbers, or for the determination of anion coordination numbers free of CIP contributions through the implementation of null-cation environments. For that purpose we perform simulations of NiSO4 aqueous solutions at ambient conditions to generate the distribution functions required in the analysis (a) to identify the individual partial contributions to the total neutron-weighted distribution function, (b) to isolate and assess the contribution of N i 2 + ⋯ S O 4 2 − $N{i^{2 + }} \cdots SO_4^{2 - }$ pair formation, (c) to test the accuracy of the neutron diffraction with isotope substitution based coordination calculations and X-ray diffraction based assumptions, and (d) to describe the water coordination around both the sulfur and oxygen sites of the sulfate anion. We finally discuss the strength of this interplay on the basis of the inherent molecular simulation ability to provide all pair correlation functions that fully characterize the system microstructure and allows us to “reconstruct” the eventual NDIS output, i.e., to take an atomistic “peek” (e.g., see Figure 1) at the local environment around the isotopically-labeled species before any experiment is ever attempted, and ultimately, to test the accuracy of the “measured” NDIS-based coordination numbers against the actual values by the “direct” counting.

Layered double hydroxides reconstructed in NiSO4 aqueous solution as highly efficient photocatalysts for degrading two industrial dyes

Nanostructured photocatalysts, that can effectively photodegrade the industrial dyes drimaren red and drimaren navy (Clariant Produkte), were obtained by the structural reconstruction of MgAlLDH and MgFeAlLDH anionic clays in NiSO4 aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), N2 adsorption at 77K and UV–vis analysis were adopted to investigate the structure, surface, micromorphology and photoresponsive properties of the reconstructed clays, as oposed to the as-synthesized clays. Results show that MgAlLDH and MgFeAlLDH reconstruction in NiSO4 aqueous solution gives rise to nanostructured enssembles defined by high density nanoparticles of oxidized nickel deposited on the larger LDHs flakes. IR spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate that SO42− replaced CO32− in the interlayer space of the reconstructed clays. It was found that the dyes’ photodegradation is greatly enhanced by the deposition of nanosized nickel on the surface of the clay but is also influenced by the specific composition of the parent clay.

Nanoparticles of nickel oxide: growth and organization on zinc-substituted anionic clay matrix by one-pot route at room temperature

A room temperature nanocarving strategy is developed for the fabrication of nanoparticles of nickel oxide on zinc-substituted anionic clay matrix (Ni/ZnLDH). It is based on the growth and organization of nanoparticles of nickel oxide which occur during the structural reconstruction of the layered structure of the anionic clay in NiSO4 aqueous solution. No organic compounds are used during the fabrication. The described material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that the nickel-clay nanoarchitecture consists of small nanoparticles of nickel oxide (average size 7 nm) deposited on the larger nanoparticles (average size 90 nm) of zinc-substituted clay. The optical properties of the new nickel-zinc formulation are studied by UV–Vis.

A Template-Based Electrochemical Method for the Synthesis of High Dense Nickel Nanotube Arrays

High dense Ni nanotube arrays have been successfully fabricated using electrochemical method with the assistance of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template from NiSO4 aqueous solution without any additive. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) results indicate that the pores of AAO template are high uniform and all the pores are filled with Ni nanotubes. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results demonstrate that the diameter of Ni nanotubes is about 65 nm. The electron diffraction (ED) pattern results show that the Ni nanotubes are polycrystalline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the electrodeposited nickel is hexagonal crystal structure.

めっき廃水中の銅，亜鉛，ニッケルの硫化反応挙動と生成硫化物のろ過特性

Selective recovery of copper, zinc and nickel from electroplating wastewater was studied by investigating the sulfuration behaviors of these metal components and the filtration characteristics of the metal sulfides produced. As model metal solutions, CuSO4, ZnSO4 and NiSO4 aqueous solutions of 100mg/dm3 initial concentrations were employed. Three kinds of sulfurating agents : sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium disulfide (Na2S2) and sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4) of 6.8×10−2mol/dm3 were used. For selective sulfuration of CuSO4, ZnSO4 and NiSO4, the sulfurating agent was added to the metal solutions, adjusting the pH of these solutions at pH=1.4-1.5, 2.4-2.5 and 5.5-6.0, respectively.As a result, it was found that Na2S was most effective for selective sulfuration of copper, zinc and nickel. The sulfuration behaviors of copper, zinc and nickel in electroplating wastewater were almost the same as those in model solutions.Furthermore, the filtration characteristics such as the average specific filtration resistance and the compressibility coefficients of the metal sulfide produced with different sulfurating agents were measured. It was recognized that the average specific filtration resistance of the metal sulfides produced with different sulfurating agents was different. It was also found that the compressibility coefficient of the metal sulfides was lower than that of metal hydroxide. The compressibility coefficient of the metal sulfides decreased in the order of Na2S, Na2S2 and Na2S4.

Growth of Uniform Nickel Wire Arrays

AbstractNickel nanowire arrays with high aspect ratio and large packing densities have been grown in thin nanochannel glass templates by an electrochemical deposition method. The templates were polished and etched for enough time to obtain parallel, uniform, hollow channels. One of surfaces of templates was then deposited with copper to provide an electrode. The pH value of NiSO4 aqueous solution was 1 to 2 and the deposition potential was chosen to be –1.2 V versus the saturated Calomel electrode. Obtained nickel wires were circular, each approximately 80 – 160 nm in diameter and 150 μm long, depending on the diameter of nanochannel. Finally, scanning electron microscopy has been used to characterize the nanostructures. Magnetic properties of the nickel wire arrays have been also investigated by using a superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer (SQUID).

Acrylic three-dimensional networks. II. Behavior of different acrylic ion exchangers in the retention and elution processes of some metal cations

The retention process of the Cu(II) and Ni(II) cations from CuSO4 and NiSO4 aqueous solutions by eight acrylic ion exchangers was studied. Also, the elution process of these cations with 0.5 mol · L−1 HCl solution was analyzed. The quantitative retention and elution as well as the development aspects of the two processes were observed by the column method. Seven ion exchangers contained weak base, weak acid, and amphoteric functional groups, these being known as chelating agents. Also, an ion exchanger with carboxylic groups, as a model, was taken in this study. The experiments show that the ion exchangers can be divided in three types as follows: (a) bad chelating agents; (b) chelating ion exchangers with the limited efficiency; (c) ion exchangers with good chelating properties and a high application efficiency; especially, the ion exchanger with hydroxamic functional groups is considered in this class. Also, the experimental data prove that, both for Cu(II) and Ni(II) cations, the volume of the purified effluent is higher than the HCl volume needs for their complete elution. This fact means concentration of the metal cations in the liquid phase. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1387–1394, 1999

Laser-induced deposition of Ni lines on ferrite in NiSO4 aqueous solution

Maskless deposition of nickel lines on single crystalline Mn-Zn ferrite (MnO:ZnO:Fe2O3=31:17:52) has been investigated in a NiSO4 aqueous solution by Ar+ laser irradiation. A high deposition rate of up to 36.4μm/s was achieved by a single scan of laser beam. The purity of deposited nickel layers is up to 86%. In particular, well-defined values of laser power and laser irradiation time were necessary for effective deposition. The deposition process was found to be a thermochemical process.

ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Sulfate Contacts and SO42‐ ‐ H2O Interactions in Aqueous Solutions.

AbstractThe results of X‐ray diffraction measurements of NiSO4 aqueous solutions indicate the existence of S03,′ ‐H2O Contacts and of two hydration shells around Ni.

On nickel–sulfate contacts and SO=4–H2O interactions in aqueous solutions

NiSO4 aqueous solutions are examined by x-ray diffraction. The peaks present in the G(r) correlation functions at about 2.05, 3.80, and 4.20 Å clearly indicate the existence of SO=4–H2O contacts and of two hydration shells around nickel. The absence of any peaks in the range 3.2–3.5 Å, indicates no quantitatively detectable inner sphere ion pairing between nickel and sulfate anion.