Ninh Binh Research Articles

Air Pollution Assessment of Thermal Power and Cement Plants in Ninh Binh Province

Cement production and thermal power generation are two primary industries in Ninh Binh province, but they are also among the sources of emissions that can negatively affect to local and regional air quality. This study employs the AERMOD air dispersion modeling system to assess the air pollution levels caused by the operations of the cement and thermal power plants in Ninh Binh province. The results show that the highest average hourly concentrations of TSP, SO2, and NOx are 30.1 µg/m3, 73.2 µg/m3, and 361 µg/m3, respectively; the highest average daily concentrations are 3.77 µg/m3, 2.17 µg/m3, and 49.0 µg/m3, respectively. The predominant direction of pollutant dispersion is towards the West and Southwest, affecting areas within Ninh Binh City and Tam Diep City. The AERMOD model results indicate that pollutant concentrations are lower than the relevant national technical standards. However, it is concerning that a small region within Cuc Phuong National Park shows signs of being affected by these air pollutants. Therefore, stringent control measures on emissions from thermal power and cement plants must be in place to ensure the local air quality and public health.

Tourism and the livelihood of the people of a residential community in Vietnam's tourism destination

This paper investigates the long-term relationship between factors affecting people's livelihoods after tourism investment in the tourism sub-region south of the Red River in Vietnam. The study used survey data and multiple linear regression econometric models from the three provinces of Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh and Thai Binh in the South Red River tourism sub-region from February 2023 to August 2023. Research results show that all eight factors are statistically significant and impact people's livelihoods. These seven factors have a positive impact while one factor harms their livelihoods. The three factors that have the most positive impact on livelihoods are (1) employment in the tourist destination, (2) local government policies and (3) agricultural land quality. The remaining factors such as (4) social culture, (5) infrastructure, (6) jobs outside tourist destinations and (7) social welfare have the same impact but less impact. Meanwhile, the factor that harms their livelihoods is the amount of agricultural land. In addition, employers in the tourism destination and local government policies continue to have an important impact on the livelihoods of the local population to assess the sustainability of the impact factors while less impact variables are excluded. The research results are the basis for proposing recommendations to diversify people's livelihoods after tourism develops in the southern Red River tourism sub-region.

Characterizing the Phan Rang Sheep: A First Look at the Y Chromosome, Mitochondrial DNA, and Morphometrics.

The Phan Rang sheep, considered the sole indigenous breed of Vietnam, are primarily concentrated in the two central provinces of Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan, with Ninh Thuan accounting for more than 90% of the country's sheep population. These provinces are known for their high temperatures and frequent droughts. The long-standing presence of the Phan Rang sheep in these regions suggests their potential resilience to heat stress-a trait of increasing interest in the face of global climate change. Despite the breed's significance, a critical knowledge gap hinders conservation and breeding programs. To address this, our study employed a two-pronged approach. First, we collected body conformational data to aid in breed identification. Second, we analyzed mitochondrial DNA (D-loop) and Y chromosome markers (SRY and SRYM18) to elucidate the maternal and paternal lineages. Among the 68 Phan Rang sheep analyzed for their D-loop, 19 belonged to mitochondrial haplogroup A, while 49 belonged to haplogroup B. The haplogroups can be subdivided into 16 unique haplotypes. All 19 rams surveyed for their paternal lineages belonged to haplotypes H5 and H6. These findings strongly support the hypothesis of dual origins for the Phan Rang sheep. This study presents the first genetic data for the Phan Rang breed, providing crucial insights for future research and conservation efforts.

Grain-size Characteristics and Net Transport Patterns of Surficial Sediments in the Day River Estuary

The Day estuary area is accreting relatively quickly, expanding the land area for Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh provinces. To understand the sediment accreting mechanism in this region, 42 surficial sediment samples were taken and analyzed for grain size to determine the rules of surficial sediment distribution and analyze the net sediment transport pattern. Research result shows that in the Day estuary area: sand is mainly dominated in the east and south, silty sand is distributed in front of the estuary and south of Con Noi, and sandy silt is distributed in the west and center of the study area. The coarsest-grained sediments are distributed in the North and South, while finer-grained sediments occupy the main area in the East and finest-grained sediments are spread out in the West of the study area. Well-sorted sediments are dominated throughout the region, covering the center and the East of the study area, showing that the hydrodynamic regime is relatively stable. Medium-sorted sediments are distributed in the West, North, and South, reflecting a less stable hydrodynamic regime. Poorly-sorted sediments at the Day estuary mouth represent the most complex hydrodynamic conditions here. Sediment tends to be transported from the southeast and west to the central area, causing a strong accretion process to create Con Noi and shallow mild tidal flats in the Day estuary area.

Study on producing a LAMP kit for diagnosis of small liver fluke Clonorchis sinensisinfection in humans

Background: Clonorchis sinensis is one of the three species of small liver flukes that cause infections in humans. C. sinensis is found mainly in several Asian countries and Northern, Vietnam. The Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) with a sensitivity and specificity comparable to that of the PCR method, which requires less complex equipment and facilities for performance. Methods:The research design describes the laboratory experiment and evaluates a LAMP kit for the diagnosis of C. sinensis in the laboratory and the small-scale field assessment, using 150 human stool samples from fascioliasis endemic areas. Results: The LAMP primer sets have been designed and selected; the conditions and components of the LAMP reaction for C. sinensisdiagnosis have been optimised. Evaluation results of the LAMP kit in the laboratory showed a sensitivity of the test was 98.63% (95% CI: 91.92-99.99%); a specificity was 100% (95% CI: 85.25-100%); the limit of detection was 26 gene copies/μl. The LAMP test kit was found to be stable within 12 months at -20±5oC, and 6 months after opening the tubes. The field assessment of the LAMP kit in Ninh Binh province showed a C. sinensis rate of 6.66%, which was similar to the rate obtained from the studies using the real-time PCR method. Conclusions: The research has successfullyproduced a LAMP kit for the diagnosis of C. sinensis that is sensitive >95% and highly specific >95%. The LAMP kit is stable within 12 months at -20±5oC and for 6 months after opening the tubes

Work motivation and related factors among nurses at Ninh Binh general Hospital in 2023

Objectives: Describe the work motivation among nurses at Ninh Binh General Hospital in 2023 and related factors. Research participants and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from July 2023 to December 2023 among 244 nurses. Nurses working at Ninh Binh General Hospital. The reference questionnaire for measuring nurses’ work motivation from previous studies was recruited, and evaluated by experts The data analysis was conducted by using SPSS 20. Results: The average score of nurses› work motivation was 3.83 points. The rate of nurses who were motivated to work was 75.4%, and the rate of nurses who were not motivated to work was 24.6%. Factors such as personal experience, salary, allowances, manager›s support, manager›s information feedback, timely management, and encouragement affected work motivation to nursing work, this relationship was statistically significant with p < 0.05. Conclusion: The work motivation of nurses at Ninh Binh General Hospital was at an average level and there were many factors related to the work motivation of nurses. Hospitals should consider taking measures to maintain and improve the work motivation of nurses.

EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL FORMULA SUPPLEMENTATION IN PEOPLE WITH ELEVATED LIVER ENZYMES

The controlled randomized intervention study to evaluate the effects of nutritional formula supplementation in people having elevated liver enzymes was implemented in Ninh Binh province from March to September 2023. 120 participated subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups, each group had 60 subjects: the intervention group supplemented with 45 g of formula twice daily and the control group with regular diet. Results showed that indicators of liver enzymes, nutrition, and health in the intervention group were better than the control group with statistical significance: average aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level decreased by 45.32 UI/L (-4.29 ± 8.36 vs. 1.03 ± 0.45); average alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level decreased by 53.96 UI/L (-56.98 ± 6.53 vs. -3.02 ± 1.35) (p<0.001); Reducing amount of food decreased by 20% (p<0.01); Loss of appetite decreased by 16.7% (p<0.05); Constipation reduced by 15% (p<0.05); Diarrhoea decreased by 11.7% (p<0.05); No-deep sleep decreased by 40% (p<0.05); Fitful sleep decreased by 18.4% (p<0.05); Some indicators tended to be better but not statistically significant (p>0.05): Difficulty sleeping decreased by 10.0%; Itching decreased by 13.4%; Urticaria decreased by 6.6%; Respiratory infections decreased by 1.6%; Fatigue decreased by 10%; Anxiety and emotional changes decreased by 8.4%; and average weight increased by 0.1 kg with p>0.05. Product acceptability of users was 100% of which there were 73.3% very satisfied; 21.7% satisfied; and 5.0% accepted./.

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING COLOS24H GROW PLUS 2+ ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND HEALTH OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTING COLOS24H GROW PLUS 2+ ON NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND HEALTH OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Assessment of Geoheritage of Geosites in Trang An –Ninh Binh area

Trang An - Ninh Binh is a captivating tourist destination, both for domestic and international travelers, renowned for its abundant geological, geomorphological, and ecological features, as well as its rich cultural and historical significance. It was designated as a UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage site in 2014. With the objective of fostering tourism development by harnessing the geological heritage and formulating conservation strategies for geological heritage sites, the present endeavor focuses on assessing the geoheritage values and potential of seven distinct geosites within the Trang An area. These geosites include Sang Cave, Dark Cave, Nau Ruou Cave, Dia Linh Cave, Tran Cave, Dot Cave, and Ba Giot Cave. In accordance with the global framework for geological world heritage, the findings reveal that these seven geosites can be classified into three categories of geological sites: Type B - Geomorphology, Type D - Stone, and Type I - Tectonic. Employing a set of criteria to evaluate the value of geological heritage, encompassing scientific, educational, and touristic significance, it becomes evident that Trang An - Ninh Binh possesses considerable scientific and educational value, and its potential for geotourism development is highly promising. Additionally, the tourism potential of these heritage sites is vividly expressed through their symbolic and highly representative features, which characterize the landscape of Trang An - Ninh Binh. The research results provide an invaluable scientific foundation for local management in the pursuit of sustainable conservation and economic development of tourism in the region.

TOURISTS' PERCEPTION OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM: A STUDY IN NINH BINH CITY, VIETNAM

Responsible tourism is considered a suitable form of tourism to promote sustainable tourism development. These issues are increasingly being researched in the tourism industry, but there is a lack of studies approaching them from the perspective of tourists' perception. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to present the theory of responsible tourism and present the results of a survey on tourists' perception of responsible tourism in Ninh Binh. The research method includes examining relevant literature to present the relationship between sustainable tourism and responsible tourism and discussing the principles of responsible tourism. Tourists' perception is analyzed through a questionnaire survey conducted in 2017. The sampling method used in the survey is random selection. We need a responsible tourism industry that provides a way to minimize ecological impacts, benefit local communities, and reduce poverty - a responsible tourism industry reflected in the organization and practice in the economic, environmental, and cultural sectors. The results show that responsible tourism is still a new trend in Ninh Binh. Tourists have a low awareness of this issue. Therefore, education about responsible tourism is particularly important through knowledge sharing and building awareness of responsible tourism.
 Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Responsible Tourism, Responsible Tourism Perception.

Diversity of water bugs (Hemiptera) over different landscapes in some provinces of Northern Vietnam

The studies involving water bugs (Hemiptera) biodiversity and ecology are very few and have mainly focused on taxonomy. We conducted research and evaluation of diversity indexes of water bugs (Hemiptera) in different landscapes including forest habitats, agricultural lands, ponds, streams from 16 sampling sites in Bac Kan, Lao Cai, Ninh Binh and Ha Tinh provinces. As a result, a total of 43 species of 23 genera of 10 families were recorded. The Shannon index (H′), the Simpson index (1-D), the Berger-Parker index of dominance, the Margalef index and the Fisher alpha index did not differ much between study sites. The evenness of water bugs (Hemiptera) was divided into 4 different main groups for 16 sampling sites. The Shannon index (H′), Simpson (1-D) index, species richness and individual rarefaction in forest habitats are higher than in agricultural land. However, the species richness was no different in ponds and streams.

The Utilization of Machine Learning Algorithms for Assisting Physicians in the Diagnosis of Diabetes.

This paper investigates the use of machine learning algorithms to aid medical professionals in the detection and risk assessment of diabetes. The research employed a dataset gathered from individuals with type 2 diabetes in Ninh Binh, Vietnam. A variety of classification algorithms, including Decision Tree Classifier, Logistic Regression, SVC, Ada Boost Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, and K Neighbors Classifier, were utilized to identify the most suitable algorithm for the dataset. The results of the present study indicate that the Random Forest Classifier algorithm yielded the most promising results, exhibiting a cross-validation score of 0.998 and an accuracy rate of 100%. To further evaluate the effectiveness of the selected model, it was subjected to a testing phase involving a new dataset comprising 67 patients that had not been previously seen. The performance of the algorithm on this dataset resulted in an accuracy rate of 94%, especially the study's notable finding is the algorithm's accurate prediction of the probability of patients developing diabetes, as indicated by the class 1 (diabetes) probabilities. This innovative approach offers a meticulous and quantifiable method for diabetes detection and risk evaluation, showcasing the potential of machine learning algorithms in assisting clinicians with diagnosis and management. By communicating the diabetes score and probability estimates to patients, the comprehension of their disease status can be enhanced. This information empowers patients to make informed decisions and motivates them to adopt healthier lifestyle habits, ultimately playing a crucial role in impeding disease progression. The study underscores the significance of leveraging machine learning in healthcare to optimize patient care and improve long-term health outcomes.

ADL/IADL limitations and related factors in older adults in 3 Northern provinces Vietnam

This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence and factors related to the activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) among elderly people in Ha Noi, Ninh Binh, and Quang Binh in 2018. In total, 2448 participants were interviewed and measured using an adapted short version of Katz ADL Index and Lawton IADL Scale. The study showed a high prevalence of ADL and IADL disability (29.1% and 33.1%, respectively) in older adults. The risks of ADL and IADL limitations increased with age, gender ( higher in females), individuals withlower incomes, who had a history of chronic diseases, who self-rated poor health status, reported a moderate or severe somatic pain and who had weak grip strength. People who were still employed and regularly performed heavy physical activities had a lower chance of ADL and/or IADL limitations. We suggest that ADL/IADL limitations should be taken in account for any potential health care strategies and interventions for elderly population.

Assessment of Eco-industrial Park (EIP) Performance at the Preliminary Step in Vietnam

Vietnam has recently accelerated the process of converting traditional parks into eco-industrial parks (EIP), which is a foundational strategy for sustainable prosperity. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the efficiency of EIP operations at Ninh Binh, Danang, and Can Tho pilots. The full permutation polygon synthetic indicator method (FPPSI) was used to evaluate the initial effectiveness of the application of the EIP program with many different indicators. The results indicated a number of interesting outcomes. In particular, there were saving of 51% in LPG fuel, 67.1% in coal, and 78.1% in wastewater in Ninh Binh pilot compared to the overall figure for each category. At the Can Tho pilot project, it was found that savings of freshwater of 77%, an electricity cuts of over 66.8%, a COD decline of 77%, and cost benefits of 56%. Generally speaking, our economy needs to promote business engagement in the heavy industry sector in the near future. This will involve developing inventive symbiosis networks that run simultaneously.

QUALIFICATIONS AND PRACTICAL CAPABILITIES OF LOCAL VIETNAMESE CIVIL SERVANTS

The constitution of Vietnam divides local government into three levels: province, district, and commune. The commune-level government is the lowest level of government; it is the agency responsible for directly implementing State policies and laws to the populace and defending their legal rights and interests. Hence, the work performance results of commune-level civil servants play an important role in validating the effectiveness of management activities and the prestige of government agencies. From a legal and practical standpoint, the work results of commune-level civil servants are reflected in the progress and quality of assigned tasks and affected by a variety of other factors, including subjective ones (their qualifications, capacities, and attitudes at work) and objective ones (working environment, facilities, technology, so on). This study refers to two subjective factors affecting their work performance results, namely professional qualifications and practical credentials. Its research objectives identified by the author are to evaluate and demonstrate the extent to which such factors affect the work performance results of commune-level civil servants. The author conducted a survey of 350 commune-level government agency leaders in five provinces representing the three regions of Vietnam, namely, Ninh Binh, Thanh Hoa (Northern), Nghe An (Central), and Tay Ninh, Ben Tre (Southern). According to the research findings, local authorities undervalue commune-level civil servants’ practical credentials. Thereby, the author offers some policy recommendations for them to improve their qualifications and practical credentials for civil services.

PHÂN LẬP VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ KHẢ NĂNG GÂY BỆNH CHÁY LÁ CỦA NẤM Phytophthora colocasiae TRÊN KHOAI MÔN SỌ (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) TẠI MỘT SỐ TỈNH MIỀN BẮC VIỆT NAM

The study aimed to isolate and purify the pathogenic fungal strains isolated from blight disease taro leaves in some provinces of Northern Vietnam, from which to select the pathogenic strains belonging to Phytophthora colocasiae species, and to determine their toxicity on taro plants. From leaf tissue showing leaf blight collected from taro fields in 6 places in Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Hanoi, and Hoa Binh provinces, 6 strains of the fungus were isolated. Based on the morphological characteristics as well as ITS rDNA sequences, it was confirmed that two of the six strains were Phytophthora colocasiae and named BN1 and SB, respectively. The sporangium of strain BN1 was ovoid and strain SB was a semi-papillary spherical shape. Both fungal strains grew well on CGA and PGA media and had equivalent toxicity through in vitro infection testing on 3 taro gene sources.

ĐÁNH GIÁ SỰ BIẾN ĐỔI CỦA CHỈ SỐ NHIỆT TỐI CAO NGÀY Ở THÀNH PHỐ NINH BÌNH

This study was based on heat index (HI) to determine risk thresholds for warning heat stress to communities in Ninh Binh City. The study used correlation evaluation and regression equations, meteorological data for the period 1991 - 2021, and Vietnam climate change scenario data to calculate the maximum daily heat index (HImax) scenario for the country in the period 2024 - 2054. The results showed that, in the future, the trend of HImax will increase by 0.100 °C per year under the RCP 4.5 scenario (Medium Low greenhouse gases concentration scenario) and 0.105 °C per year under the RCP 8.5 scenario (High greenhouse gases concentration scenarios). The number of HImax days at dangerous levels will increase by about 1 day per year with both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. In particular, the number of HImax days at extreme danger levels, with the risk of causing stroke, in the period 2024 - 2054 appeared more than before, especially in the period 1941 - 2054, the trend increased sharply. In some last years of this period, the number of HImax days will be extremely dangerous up to 20 - 30 days.

Knowledge, attitude, and habits on solid waste management of students at Nho Quan C High School

Recently, along with climate change, solid waste management has become one of the environmental challenges that many developing countries, including Vietnam, are experiencing especially. Current status of knowledge and attitudes of high school students about solid waste management. For this reason, the research team conducted research on the current state of awareness, attitudes and habits of high school students at Nho Quan C High School, Ninh Binh province regarding solid waste management. In this study, we utilized an online questionnaire to conduct the survey of 800 high school students grading from 10 to 12. The data was then analyzed by the application of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study results show that 390 graders (accounting for 48.8%) recognized empty plastic bottles and more than one third of the total participants identified food packaging, milk containers, and used napkins as common types of solid waste present within the school campus. The data also illustrates that there is a certain difference among participants in terms of grade levels. Specifically, the higher graders are, the more pro-environmental activities they conduct and involve, for example, while almost all students at grade 10 (95.6%) felt satisfied or very satisfied with the waste treatment methods being implemented in the school campus, only about 86% students at both grades 11 and 12 had the same evaluation. The research suggests that it is important and necessary to continue and enhance the implementation of environmental education and communication programs at high schools on solid waste and related management practices.

Screening of actinomycetes from Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan sea for antimicrobial producers

The sea is a unique ecosystem for finding secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms. Many compounds produced by marine microorganisms with antibacterial activity have been applied in life. Furthermore, microorganisms are renewable raw materials and media for drug production, thus crucial for sustainable development in our life. In this study, we screened for antibacterial activity of microbial strains isolated from tern samples from Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan seas. The antibacterial activity of the marine microbial crude extracts was performed by the Bioassay method in a 96-well tray. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test results showed that from 86 strains of microorganisms isolated from the waters of Ninh Thuan and Binh Thuan, 68 strains were able to inhibit the growth of 1 to 6 strains of the tested microorganisms, and 27 over 86 strains had antibacterial activity against at least three strains of microorganisms tested. In which strains G631, G756, G769, and G778 inhibited 4 to 6 tested microorganisms with MIC values equal to or lower than positive controls. Morphological characteristics and molecular biological analysis identified the four most active strains. The results showed that all four strains were actinomycetes.

Taxonomic notes on eleven species of the subfamily Cteninae (Araneae, Ctenidae) from Asia.

The spider family Ctenidae Keyserling, 1877 has a worldwide distribution with 584 species belonging to 49 genera. Amongst these, 141 species are from Asia, including 130 species assigned to Cteninae Keyserling, 1877. Nine new species belonging to three genera of Cteninae are reported from Asia: Amauropelmakrabi sp. n. (female; Krabi, Thailand), Am.phangnga sp. n. (male; Phang Nga, Thailand), Am.saraburi sp. n. (male and female; Saraburi, Thailand); Anahitamedog sp. n. (male and female; Tibet, China); Bowieninhbinh sp. n. (male; Ninh Binh, Vietnam) and B.vinhphuc sp. n. (male and female; Vinh Phuc, Vietnam) from the robustus-species group; B.borneo sp. n. (male; Sabah, Malaysia) from the chinagirl-species group; B.engkilili sp. n. (female; Engkilili, Malaysia); B.sabah sp. n. (male and female; Sabah, Malaysia) from the scarymonsters-species group. The male of An.popa Jäger & Minn, 2015 and the female of B.fascination Jäger, 2022 (robustus-species group) are described for the first time. B.fascination Jäger, 2022 is reported from China for the first time. In addition, the DNA barcodes of all the species in this study were obtained, except for B.vinhphuc sp. n.