Niloticus Growth Performance Research Articles

Optimation of tempe liquid waste usage for growth performances and feed uptake on Oreochromis niloticus

Tempe liquid waste (TLW) contains nutrients such as fat, protein, carbohydrates, nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium that could be used in fish rearing. Moreover, it has lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belonging to gram-positive microorganisms, which could decompose organic and inorganic matter in water. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether TLW could have the potential to enhance Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth and improve feed efficiency. The study used 180 fish (6.04 ± 0.13 g) reared in twelve aquariums and TLW was obtained from boiling soybeans during the tempe production process in the village of Sanan, Malang. The research design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which involved four treatments, T0 (no TLW), T1 (3%), T2 (5%), and T3 (7%) with three replications. The result showed that T2 resulted in the highest growth rate (11.22 ± 0.29 g), specific growth rate (2.07 ± 0.32% / day), feed conversion rate (1.54 ± 0.16), feed efficiency (56.02 ± 1.24%) and survival rate (91.11 ± 0.58%) compared to others. Nonetheless, there was no difference in the absolute length (Lm) parameter at the end of the research. The research results also found that water quality remained favourable for supporting tilapia cultivation under all observed conditions, except for the oxygen levels in the control group, which fell below the standard (<3 mg L-1). Finally, the present study concluded that 5% of TLW could be the best; in contrast, the higher concentration of TLW decreased O. niloticus growth performance, feed efficiency, and survival rate.Keywords: fish development, tilapia, wastewater, water qualities

Heat inactive Bacillus subtilis var. natto regulate Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) intestine microbiota and metabolites involved in the intestine phagosome response

In this study, we evaluated the intestinal microbiota, intestinal and fecal metabolites production and the intestinal RNA-seq analysis of the Nile tilapia intestine after feeding with 105and 107 of the inactive Bacillus subtilis var. natto.First, we assessed the influence of heat inactive Bacillus subtilis var. natto on the growth performance, biochemical blood analysis, and evaluated the liver/body, spleen/body and intestine/body ratio. This evidence was known feeding with inactive Bacillus subtilis var. natto was able to improve the growth performance after 4 weeks, but not to affect the inflammatory biochemical blood parametres total protein (T-pro), albumin (Alb), Alb/T-pro ratio, creatine-phospho-kinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Further, in the intestine microbiota, the Lactobacillaceae, Firmicutes, Chromatiales, and Rhodobacteria, was significantly higher than the control and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B), which was indicated with a significantly increased. The intestine tissue metabolites OPLS-DA analysis indicated that the prominent bioactive metabolites changed. The peonidin-3-glucoside, l-Tyrosine, 1-Deoxy-1-(N6-lysino)-d-fructose was significantly increased. The feces metabolite OPLS-DA analysis indicated that the palmitelaidic acid, 5-KETE, tangeritin was significantly increased. In the transcriptome, the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was found to enhance the intestine intestinal immune network. Combine of these evidence, feeding of the heat inactive Bacillus subtilis var. natto exactly improved the O. niloticus growth performance and regulation of the microbiota to promote the metabolites. In the transcriptome analysis, it was found to involve in the intestine immune phagosome response.Summarized of this study, the heat inactive Bacillus subtilis var. natto was reported to affect Nile tilapia intestine microbiota, and could positively regulate the intestine and fecal metabolites production to improve the intestine immune network.

English

The depletion of fish stocks in Lake Victoria is putting severe strain on fish supplies for human consumption and aquaculture feed formulation. Due to the fish stocks high demand and limited supply, fishmeal prices are rising, increasing the cost of feed for aquaculture. As a result, up to 70% of variable aquaculture expenditures are related to feed. Alternative feed sources, such as insect meals, have been heavily advocated for in light of the limited supply of fishmeal. This study replaced fish meal (FM) with black soldier fly larvae (BSF) meal (in Oreochromis niloticus diet, with replacement levels ranging from FM 0%, BSF2 25%, BSF3 50%, BSF4 75% and BSF5 100%). The feeding trial lasted 84 days and evaluated the effect of replacing BSF on fish's growth performance. Results indicate that all the fish accepted the experimental diets well. Regression on categorical variables analyses on growth performance revealed a significant relationship between the variables for length and weight respectively. For log length F (5, 99) = 628.02, P<0.05, with an R2 of 0.96 and log weight (5, 99) = 977.61., P<0.05 with an R2 of 0.97. In terms of economic analysis, O. niloticus fed with increasing levels of H. illucens was more profitable at replacement levels of 50, 75 and 100%. Based on these findings replacing fishmeal with Hermetia illucens by up to 50% is more cost effective for aquaculture production and can effectively contribute to higher yields and optimal O. niloticus growth performance. Key words:  Aquaculture, Black soldier fly larvae, fish feed, fish nutrition.

Dietary supplementation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with β-glucan and/or Bacillus coagulans: Synergistic impacts on performance, immune responses, redox status and expression of some related genes.

A 14-week feeding study was conducted to assess the effects of feed supplementation with prebiotics β-glucan (BG group) and/or probiotics Bacillus coagulans (BC group) on O. niloticus growth performance, body analysis, intestinal structure, immunological response, and antioxidant status. The fish were equally divided into six groups, as follows: the fish group fed an un-supplemented diet served as a control group; the other fish groups were fed supplemented diets with 0.1 g β-glucan kg−1; 1 g Bacillus coagulans kg−1; 2 g B. coagulans kg−1; 0.1 g β-glucan combined with 1 g B. coagulans kg−1; 0.1 g β-glucan combined with 2 g B. coagulans kg−1. The findings revealed that supplementing B. coagulans and the β-glucan mixture improved growth performance and feed efficiency parameters (RGR and SGR) more than the other groups. The fish flesh analysis revealed increased crude protein and dry matter content and lower lipid and ash levels in the BG and BC supplemented groups than in the Control group. On the other hand, β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation significantly boosted antioxidant activity and immunological responses in serum as determined by CAT, MDA, lysozyme, and phagocytic activity. Dietary β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation remarkedly enhanced anterior intestine villus histomorphometry characteristics. Furthermore, B. coagulans, alone or in combination with β-glucan, could reduce HSP70 and IL-1β gene expression while increasing IL-8 and GH gene expression. According to the findings, B. coagulans and/or BG increased growth performance by increasing gut health and morphology. Furthermore, β-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation enhanced Tilapia's body composition, immunological responses, and antioxidant status.

Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves on chlorpyrifos-induced growth retardation, immune suppression, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in Oreochromis niloticus

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most highly prevalent insecticides in freshwater ecosystems and has been widely detected in fishery and agricultural products worldwide. Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a well-known medicinal plant with many pharmacological properties. Hence, the present study was designed to explore the probable beneficial effect of M. oleifera on CPF-induced health disturbances in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two hundred and seventy fish were allocated into six groups in triplicate. For 30 days, the first group was fed a basal diet; the second group was exposed to 1/10 of the LC50 of CPF (0.007 mg/L) and fed the basal diet; the third and fourth groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 7% M. oleifera seeds and 10% M. oleifera leaves, respectively; and the fifth and sixth groups were exposed to 1/10 of the LC50 of CPF and fed basal diets supplemented with 7% M. oleifera seeds and 10% M. oleifera leaves, respectively. CPF exposure significantly altered growth performance, haematologic profiles, immune defence mechanisms, liver functions, and oxidant/antioxidant status. Additionally, CPF exposure resulted in prominent genotoxic and lipid peroxidative impacts. Interestingly, dietary supplementation with 7% M. oleifera seeds or 10% M. oleifera leaves significantly counteracted the CPF-induced adverse impacts on O. niloticus growth performance and health. These outcomes show that dietary supplementation with M. oleifera seeds or leaves can safeguard the commercially valuable freshwater fish species O. niloticus against CPF-induced health disorders and may be a candidate feed additive for Nile tilapia in aquaculture.

Effect of partial or total replacement of fish meal with Procambarus clarkii by-product meal in Oreochromis niloticus diets

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of partial or total replacement of fish meal (FM) with Procambarus clarkii by-product meal (PBM) on O. niloticus growth performance, feed utilization and health. Five isonitrogenous (30% protein) experimental diets were formulated and applied to O. niloticus with initial body weight 10.94 g for four months in ceramic ponds. The control group contained 0% of PBM, while D2, D3, D4 and D5 contained 25, 50, 75 and 100% replacement of FM with PBM, respectively. The present study revealed that the protein content of PBM was 33.13% and its amino acids profile fulfilled the requirements of O. niloticus. All analyzed heavy metals of PBM, except arsenic and iron, were in the permissible limits for O. niloticus. Moreover, the growth performance and feed utilization parameters of fish of all treated groups were significantly different than those of the control one, but the best results were recorded in fish fed diets D2 and D3, followed by fish fed diets D3 and D4. Moreover, the histological investigation revealed that the liver showed alterations only in fish fed diet D5, and the kidneys showed alterations in fish fed diets D4 and D5, however, the gills showed alterations in all treated groups.