Nikolai Mikhailovich Research Articles

The Peculiarity of Nikolai Kochergin’s Creative Method in Illustrations to Chinese Fairy Tales

The article is devoted to the study of the creative heritage of Nikolai Mikhailovich Kochergin (1897—1974) in the field of illustrating Chinese fairy tales. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the insufficient degree of study of the artist’s heritage in this area with the general interest of practitioners and art theorists in book illustration for children’s literature in the 20th century.The aim of the article is to theoretically comprehend the artistic heritage of N.M. Kochergin on the basis of revealing the originality of the artist’s creative method of illustrating Chinese fairy tales. The following tasks are solved: to trace the creative path of N.M. Kochergin, in particular, his work in the field of illustrating literature of Eastern and Asian countries; to make a list of illustrated editions of Asian fairy tales by the artist; to reveal the influence of traditions of Chinese Gohua art on the artist’s work, specifically to study the compositional solution, the use of diffused perspective, other expressive means; to analyze the methods of stylization of images and symbols of Chinese culture and folklore in illustrations.The presented research allows not only to determine the originality of N.M. Kochergin’s creative method of illustrating Chinese fairy tales, but also to identify the specificity of representation of Chinese culture for Russian readers. This problematic can contribute to the emergence of a holistic view of the synthesis and integration of Chinese art and culture in the Russian and world artistic process. The article studies illustrations by N.M. Kochergin for such editions of Asian fairy tales as “Chinese Folk Tales” (1953), “Ten Little Friends” (1954), “The Yellow Stork and the Mountain of the Sun” (1954), “The Liu Brothers” (1955), “Persistent Yun Su” (1955), “Fairy Tales of the Peoples of Asia” (1959).

PATRONS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE TALANTSEV BROTHERS TO ITS DEVELOPMENT

The article analyzes the contribution of famous entrepreneurs of the Chuvash region, the Talantsev brothers – Nikolai Mikhailovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich and Zinovy Mikhailovich – to the development of the education system in the late XIX – early XX century.
 
 In pre-revolutionary Russia at the beginning of the XX century, charitable activities are expanding in the business environment. A considerable part of the country’s educated business elite considered it inhumane and undignified to do business only for the sake of making a profit and tried to direct part of their funds to charity. Alms-houses, shelters for the elderly and children, hospitals and night shelters were opened at their expense. Sponsorship of educational institutions of various levels occupied a significant place in the patronage of such entrepreneurs. Such entrepreneurs included well-known merchants and production workers, the Talantsev brothers. Studying the experience of their charitable activities in the education system makes it possible to assess the contribution of the Talantsev brothers to the development of education in the region, to understand the spirit of entrepreneurs of pre-revolutionary Russia.
 
 The main purpose of the research is to study the contribution of the Talantsev brothers, well-known entrepreneurs and patrons in the Volga region, to the development of education in the Chuvash Region and beyond.
 
 Materials and methods. The main methods for the analysis were historical-genetic, problem-chronological and retrospective methods, which made it possible, based on the methodological principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity, to analyze source materials – archival documents and special scientific literature on the subject, to comprehensively consider the problems posed.
 
 Study results. Based on a systematic analysis of source materials, the article discusses the first steps in the charitable activities of Yadrin entrepreneurs, known far beyond the Chuvash Region – the Talantsev brothers – Nikolai Mikhailovich, Mikhail Mikhailovich, Zinovy Mikhailovich – at the end of the late XIX – early XX century XIX century. The contribution of the Talantsev brothers to the development of primary and primary vocational education at the beginning of the late XIX – early XX century XX century is studied. Their role in opening a non-classical secondary school and a girls’ gymnasium in Yadrin aimed at forming needful vocational and gymnasium education in the region is analyzed. The main forms and directions of sponsor support in the field of education by patrons of the Talantsevs were studied. The role of the youngest of the brothers, Z.M. Talantsev, in opening Nizhny Novgorod People’s University, in the evolvement of its chemical faculty is considered.
 
 Conclusion. The conclusion is made about a worthy contribution of well-known large entrepreneurs in the Volga region, patrons the Talantsev brothers to the development of primary school, vocational, gymnasium and higher education.

Международный научно-практический круглый стол «Регулирование публичной власти в условиях современных реалий», посвященный памяти Заслуженного деятеля науки Российской Федерации доктора юридических наук, профессора Николая Михайловича Конина (г. Саратов, 7 октября 2022 г.)

On October 7, 2022, the Department of Administrative and Municipal Law of the Saratov State Law Academy, together with the Saratov branch of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences, organized and held an international scientific and practical round table “Regulation of public authority in the conditions of modern realities” in memory of Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Nikolai Mikhailovich Konin. The event was attended by students and colleagues of the outstanding scientist, representatives of administrative, constitutional, financial, information, land law, practitioners. The article provides a brief overview of the participants’ speeches.

Russian Aristocracy and Private Forms of Scientific Organization: The Case of Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich

The structure of Russian science of the XIX century was dominated by state forms of its organization. At the same time, there were also a few private (non-governmental) forms of research communities. One of the little-studied phenomena of scientific privacy is the so-called “kruzhok” (a little circle in Russian). The article examines the history of the formation and activity of one of such “kruzhoks”, formed in the 1880s–1890s around Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich, who was seriously engaged in research in the field of lepidopterology (the branch of entomology studying butterflies, Lepidoptera). The role and significance of this “kruzhok” for the development of descriptive entomology in the situation of its weak institutionalization in Russia at the end of the XIX century are briefly considered, the course of scientific research of the Grand Duke and his entourage and the reasons for the termination of their activity are discussed. The history of this informal association is interpreted by us as a manifestation of the purposeful life-making of the Grand Duke, who thus tried to professionalize his hobby and enter the scientific community of entomologists on an equal footing, without breaking with his social environment and without going beyond the behavioral norms established by society for persons of his status. It is shown that the Nikolai Mikhailovich’s “kruzhok” became not only an instrument of his life-making, but also an influential center of Russian lepidopterology, the development of which was thereby given a powerful impetus.

«ВСЕНОЩНОЕ БДЕНИЕ» С. В. РАХМАНИНОВА: ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ «ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ РЕКОНСТРУКЦИИ»

The article is devoted to the “All-Night Vigil” by S. V. Rachmaninoff as one of the unsurpassed masterpieces of Russian sacred music from the standpoint of modern choral performance. The research attention is focused on the topic of “historical reconstruction” of the premiere performances of the work in 150 by the Moscow Synodal Сhoir under the direction of the great regent Nikolai Mikhailovich Danilin, which is relevant in the anniversary season (1915 years since the composer's birth). The author considers the specific vocal organization of one of the best pre-revolutionary Russian choirs, which consisted exclusively of boys and men, and reveals the relationship between the performing skills of the group and the superbly developed methodology of music education of young singers. On the example of concert performances by contemporary choirs, significant differences between the “historical” and modern approaches to the performance of Rachmaninoff's “All-Night Vigil” are indicated. The reasons for the socio-cultural, organizational, technical and purely artistic problems that arise for today's choirs and their leaders aiming at the “historical reconstruction” of this work, are analyzed in detail. Along with the rationale for the need to study deeply the principles of performance characteristic of the Synodal Сhoir of the period 1910–1917, possible ways of returning to the best singing traditions of the pre-revolutionary period are outlined.

N.M. Yadrintsev and A.F. Barkov in 1874: «A New Period of Life, Full of Personal Happiness and Major Social Success»

This article considers a significant period in the biography of Nikolai Mikhailovich Yadrintsev. In the high summer of 1874 in St. Petersburg the famous publicist got married to Adelaide Fedorovna Barkova. The authors emphasize that with the beginning of his family life N. M. Yadrintsev intensified his creative activity, having a reliable rear and household arrangements.
 Guided by the first biographical information and appealing to sources of personal origin (letters, memoirs, autobiography), the authors have proved that in the surviving materials there are obvious inaccuracies in determining the exact date of marriage. Only with a thorough analysis of extant written sources the correct date of the wedding can be established.
 In general, the authors conclude that the wife played a significant role in the life of Nikolai Mikhailovich. Outstanding, sociable, responsive and intellectually gifted A.F. Barkova wholeheartedly shared any of her husband's endeavors. Analyzing the autobiographical notes the authors state that after the wedding the destiny of N.M. Yadrintsev changed, he felt a burst of energy in his activity.

«…В ПАРОХОДЫ, В СТРОЧКИ И В ДРУГИЕ ДОЛГИЕ ДЕЛА» К 160-летию со дня рождения Николая Михайловича Книповича (1862-1939)

The article presents an account of the main life events and scientific career of Nikolai Mikhailovich Knipovich. He was born 6 April 1862 in Finland that was a part of the Russian Empire at the time, and got secondary education there. In 1885, he graduated with honors from the Saint-Petersburg University with a degree in zoology. His life was so difficult at times, that it could have pushed him to quit science. Fortunately, that did not happen.
 By the end of the 19th century, he was known as a marine scientist. Participation in the Murmansk fisheries research expedition to the Barents Sea onboard the vessel Andrey Pervozvanny (1899-1901) brought him world fame. He is called the founder of fisheries research in the Russian North – and rightfully so.

N.M. YADRINTSEV AND G.N. POTANIN: REGIONAL EXPERIENCE OF SOCIAL CONSIDERATION OF THE INTEGRATION POTENTIAL OF ETHNOCULTURAL INTERACTION

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the socio-philosophical views of the ideologists of the movement of Siberian regionalists on the interaction of ethnic cultures. The relevance of addressing the ideological heritage of the patriots of Siberia is due to several circumstances. Firstly, 2022 marks exactly 180 years since the birth of Nikolai Mikhailovich Yadrintsev, the leader of Siberian regionalism. Secondly, the current state of interethnic relations, unfortunately, is accompanied by contradictions and some conflict clashes against the background of ethnic stereotypes rooted in the minds of the masses. Therefore, the appeal to the creative heritage of G.N. Potanin and N.M. Yadrintsev, in which attempts were repeatedly made to theoretically comprehend the harmonization of interethnic interactions, seems to be relevant.
 Based on the analysis of the journalism of regional thinkers, the authors found that the progressive movement of ethnoculture acquires the direction of social integration, cultural progress is regarded not as a transition from the lower to the higher, but as a natural modification of the ethnocultural features of the subethnos. The publication shows that the alternative approach of N.M. Yadrintsev and G.N. Potanin to ethno-cultural interaction allows us to present the policy in the field of culture through the interaction and struggle of two lines - "hard", aimed at standardization and unification of cultural activities, and "soft", allowing the coexistence of cultures of different types. All this is possible, according to the teachings of the regionalists, with equal access to any kind of resources.

The Concept of Ethnoculture in Ethnographic Views of N.M. Yadrintsev (on the 180th Birthday of the Public Figure)

Within the framework of this publication, an attempt has been made to reconstruct the concept of ethnoculture in the ethnographic concepts of N.M. Yadrintseva. The article emphasizes that ethnocultural ideas are not always explicated in the rich journalistic and ethnographic heritage of the founder of Siberian regionalism. The authors proceed from the fact that the theoretical constructions of the founder of Siberian regionalism were the fruitful result of his practical immersion in the ontology of the indigenous that is, the alien population of Siberia. It is noted that the term "ethnoculture" itself was not used in the works of Nikolai Mikhailovich, as it was atypical for science in the second half of the 19th century. Nevertheless, it seems possible, based on published sources containing statistical, archaeological, geographical and, mainly, ethnographic developments of the ideologist of the regional program, to show the essence and content of ethnoculture in the ethnographic research of a publicist.
 The article establishes that ethnic culture is an amazing combination of traditions, attitude, and way of life, occupation, which are due to ethnic, climatic and geographical conditions.

Chronicle and mixture, Vol. XVI, № 2 (1909)

Prof. Nikolai Mikhailovich Popov at a meeting of the 2nd p. May unanimously elected dean of the Medical Faculty of Novorossiysk University.
 From the 1st to the 5th of June of the current year, the second All-Russian congress on pedagogical psychology will take place in St. Petersburg, in the premises of the Salt Town. The organizing committee includes: chairman, academician V. M. Bekhterev, comrades of the chairman A. A. Krogius, A. F. Lazursky, D. M. Levshin and A. P. Nechaev and members D. A. Dril, M. I Konorov, N. E. Rumyantsev, V. V. Uspensky, G. A. Falbork. L. G. Orshansky, Pr.-Assoc. Zhakov, N. K. Kulman, A. I. Zaginyaev, Ya. I. Dushechkin, S. Yu. Blumenau. V. V. Rakhmanov, N. I. Neklyudova, E. S. Dedyulina and others. The members of the congress can be teachers of higher and secondary educational institutions, doctors and persons who have declared themselves to be published works in the field of psychology and school hygiene. All those interested in educational psychology are allowed as guests.

Entomology in the Royal Apartments: Grand Duke Nikolai Mikhailovich and His Scientific Circle

The article discusses the history of research in the field of entomology (lepidopterology, the discipline studying butterflies, Lepidoptera), carried out in the late 19th century by Nikolai Mikhailovich, Grand Duke of Russia (1859–1919), and his closest associates who formed a scientific circle (“kruzhok”). We review the origins of the Grand Dukeʼs fascination with natural science, his research in the field of lepidopterology, and his activities devoted to assembling the largest private collection of butterflies in Russia. Nikolai Mikhailovich’s publications in entomology as well as his work on the voluminous Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères in 9 volumes (1884–1901) are characterized. The authors discuss the motives for creating the Grand Dukeʼs entomological circle, its lines of work and membership, its achievements, and the causes of its dissolution at the very end of the 19th century. Nikolai Mikhailovich together with the small community of enthusiasts, brought together by him, played an important role in the development of entomology (descriptive lepidopterology) in the Russian Empire. The history of the kruzhok’s formation and activities is of undoubted interest for the historians of science as a successful example of the “private” form of organization of scientific research, an alternative to government and public initiatives.

At the origins of "Russian Northernism": disputes about Lomonosov (late 18th - early 19th centuries: Muravyov, Karamzin, Batyushkov)

The article examines the issue of the formation of the historiosophical and culturological concept "Russia as the North", born to a large extent in connection with the philosophical understanding of the life and work of the Russian scientist and poet Mikhail Lomonosov. The author believes that a significant contribution to this process of Russian self-identification was made at the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. such intellectuals as the writer and public figure Mikhail Nikitich Muravyov (1757–1807), the historian and writer Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin (1766–1826) and the poet Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov (1787–1855). The article analyzes literary and journalistic texts, variously associated with the name of Lomonosov, which formed the basis of the concept of "Russian Northerness".

«Полная свобода с правом повсеместного пребывания…»: жизнь и деятельность Н. М. Ядринцева в Петербурге в 1874–1875 гг.

The publication is devoted to the conceptualization of the biography of Nikolai Mikhailovich Yadrintsev in 1874–1875. during his stay in Petersburg. The chronological framework was not chosen by chance, since after receiving a pardon and moving to a reconciled capital, colossal changes took place in the fate of the Siberian regionalist. In general, guided mainly by sources of personal origin, it is shown that life in St. Petersburg for some two years presented N. M. Yadrintsev of the great significance of the event. From finding a faithful companion – a wife and a long-awaited meeting with a close friend, to public recognition and activation of public work against this background.

Features of the formation of a collection of models of the screw ships of the second half of the 19th century on the basis of the recreated Maritime Museum with the participation of Grand Duke Admiral General Konstantin Nikolaevich Romanov

In this article, the author considers the issue related to the restoration of the collection of ship models of the Maritime Museum. He understood that within the framework of this article it is impossible to display all the processes of recreating the collection of models of ships of the second half of the 19th century, and did not set himself the task of describing the work of fleet managers and ship modelers. He set himself a more modest task: to describe the features of the formation of the collection. The author emphasizes that the models included in the collection were made at that time in the Model Chamber in St Petersburg and the Model Workshop of the St Petersburg port. Indicates that both precious wood species and simple and metal were used in their manufacture. The author emphasizes that the Grand Duke Admiral General Konstantin Nikolayevich took an active part in promoting museum exhibitions to the world level. Analyzing the content of the documents, the author concludes that the lost collection of models had to be replenished, and thus restore the missing event series in the history of the Russian Navy. And also that during the reconstruction of the Maritime Museum, objects which were received from different places, were attributed. The article also explains the peculiarities of the formation of the collection of the newly recreated Maritime Museum and the fact that the models made by the masters of the second half of the 19th century are unique today. The author recalls that the reopening of the newly recreated Maritime Museum took place on August 27, 1867, and Lieutenant Nikolai Mikhailovich Baranov was appointed its director on December 31, 1866.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Borodin: the little-known person involved in the USSR penicillin project

The progress in development of the Soviet penicillin industry in the late 1940s was associated with implementation of foreign experience. The article, on the basis of analysis of declassified archival documents, demonstrates that one of the initiators of development of industry on the basis of foreign technologies was N. M. Borodin, doctor of biological sciences. N. M. Borodin, while on scientific assignments in England, provided the USSR with important scientific and technical information and producers for production of penicillin and streptomycin. It is established that familiarity of N. M. Borodin with arrangement of scientific research and organization of antibiotics production abroad resulted in his plan of developing the Soviet penicillin industry that was noted by the USSR leadership.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, an Enlightener in the Field of Aerostatics

The first flight of a hot-air balloon was demonstrated in France in 1783. On the wave of the Enlightenment, French society saw this flight as a great and promising scientific invention. However, in 18th century Russia’s culture, the hot-air balloon ascents were only regarded as entertainment. Seeing no practical benefit in hot-air balloons, and apprehensive of the fires they could cause, neither Catherine the Great nor Paul I encouraged any interest in aerostation. After Alexander I became Emperor of Russia (1801), the attitude towards hot-air balloon flights in Russia began to change. In this paper we show that it was the famous Russian historian and author Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin who was the first to introduce the educated part of Russian society to how aerostation was seen in Europe, to the experience and scientific knowledge gained as a result of such flights. This significant fact has eluded both the historians and Karamzin’s biographers. Karamzin’s publications concerned with balloon flights are reviewed in this article for the first time, and analyzed in the context of the history of aerostation, which allows to better understand Karamzin’s contribution to changes in the attitude of Russian society towards hot-air ballooning. It is demonstrated, that Karamzin’s thoughts, implicitly reflected in his choice of texts about hot-air balloon flights, which Karamzin adapted, translated, and published in his famous journal Vestnik Evropy (Herald of Europe), were in line with the overall shift in the attitude towards aerostation in Russia during the first years of the reign of Alexander I.

Эффективное государственное управление: некоторые аспекты формирования органов государственной исполнительной власти в России

The basis of the consideration of issues relating to individual elements of public administration are the scientific works of the professor, doctor of legal sciences, honored worker of science of the Russian Federation Nikolai Mikhailovich Konin. For the author, the theoretical views of the supervisor are a vector of continuous development. The task of the article is to identify obstacles that affect the ability to achieve one of the goals of administrative reform to eliminate excessive managerial powers, to reduce the number of civil servants and the structure of the apparatus of state authorities. The relevance of the issue is determined by the primary goal of public administration — to increase the efficiency of the executive branch. This area of activity depends on timely optimization of managerial processes, reduction in the number and structure of the state power apparatus, and elimination of duplication of managerial functions.

Paradoxes of The Technogenic Society. On Nikolai Tverdynin’s Book Technics In the Literature of Different Countries and Periods: an Essay Monograph

The review on the book of a former Emergency Ministry official and a philosophy professor Nikolai Mikhailovich Tverdynin published in 2020 in ANO Dialog Kul’tur publishing house analyses views on technology and technics that are manifested by acknowledged people across the globe. Two major beliefs are as follows: technophobic and technocratic. Dr. Tverdynin provides an unbiased description of their application to practice, as it becomes clear that technological threat awareness is a key feature of both attitudes. The book suggests that modern technical boom and its increasing involvement in education and personal development shall remain a vital, but not central method of acquiring new skills, as direct experience teaches not only to operate, but also to be a qualified worker and an individual even in sciences. Despite this and other opinion messages (remember the author’s past service), the book is not a journalist, but a scientific work, as it is void of ideology that accompanies technology. Overall, the book serves as an example of a rare accurate review of such an urgent issue and on such a thorough source collection.

«НЕ ГНЕТСЯ, НЕ ЛОМАЕТСЯ…». АРХИТЕКТОР НИКОЛАЙ МИХАЙЛОВИЧ БАЧИНСКИЙ И ЕГО ДОКУМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ В АРХИВЕ ГАИМК

In the 1920s–1930s the State Academy of the History of Material Culture, following in steps of the Imperial Archaeological Commission, continued active works in Central Asia. By the order of the Academy, the architect Nikolai Mikhailovich Bachinsky worked in Central Asia in the 1930s, but his name is barely mentioned in publications devoted to the Academy activities, and the materials he collected were published only partly. The Scholarly Archive of IHMC RAS stores documents relating to his research activity, manuscripts of papers and unique photographs of a number of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan monuments taken in the late 1920s–1930s (fig. 3–6). The publication of these materials will allow to introduce into the scientific discourse the works of an authoritative architect and restorer, whose activity was highly esteemed by his contemporaries.

Николай Аренс (Н. М. Аристов) и его «Сибирский Пинкертон»

Based on the study of inaccessible archival sources, the article reconstructs the biographical details of the life of the forgotten poet and prose writer Nikolai Mikhailovich Aristov (Nik. Arens). An overview of the “сinematic novel” by N. Arens “The Adventures of Evgeny Stal”, which was published in Omsk in 1924, is unfamiliar to modern researchers. The adven- ture novel about the adventures of a red scout in the White Guard rear is set in 1919 in Sibe- ria, which was engulfed in the Civil War. A separate issue reliably tells about the events that took place in the city of Omsk, at that time the capital of “white” Russia. The novel was written as an example of new Soviet literature, which met the ideological order for a mass book formulated in 1923 by N. I. Bukharin in an article on Red Pinkerton.