Night Of Partial Sleep Deprivation Research Articles

Olfactory Epithelium Stimulation Using Rhythmic Nasal Air-Puffs Improves the Cognitive Performance of Individuals with Acute Sleep Deprivation.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of intranasal air-puffing on cognitive impairments and brain cortical activity following one night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) in adults. A total of 26 healthy adults underwent the numerical Stroop test (NST) and electroencephalography (EEG) before and after one night of PSD. Following PSD, subjects in the treatment group (n = 13) received nasal air-puffs (5 Hz, 3 min) before beginning the NST and EEG recording. Administration of nasal air-puffs in the treatment group restored the PSD-induced increase in error rate and decrease in reaction time and missing rate in the NST. Intranasal air-puffs recovered the PSD-induced augmentation of delta and theta power and the reduction of beta and gamma power in the EEG, particularly in the frontal lobes. Intranasal air-puffing also almost reversed the PSD-induced decrease in EEG signal complexity. Furthermore, it had a restorative effect on PSD-induced alteration in intra-default mode network functional connectivity in the beta and gamma frequency bands. Rhythmic nasal air-puffing can mitigate acute PSD-induced impairments in cognitive functions. It exerts part of its ameliorating effect by restoring neuronal activity in cortical brain areas involved in cognitive processing.

The effects of sleep deprivation, acute hypoxia, and exercise on cognitive performance: A multi-experiment combined stressors study

IntroductionBoth sleep deprivation and hypoxia have been shown to impair executive function. Conversely, moderate intensity exercise is known to improve executive function. In a multi-experiment study, we tested the hypotheses that moderate intensity exercise would ameliorate any decline in executive function after i) three consecutive nights of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) (Experiment 1) and ii) the isolated and combined effects of a single night of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and acute hypoxia (Experiment 2). MethodsUsing a rigorous randomised controlled crossover design, 12 healthy participants volunteered in each experiment (24 total, 5 females). In both experiments seven executive function tasks (2-choice reaction time, logical relations, manikin, mathematical processing, 1-back, 2-back, 3-back) were completed at rest and during 20 min semi-recumbent, moderate intensity cycling. Tasks were completed in the following conditions: before and after three consecutive nights of PSD and habitual sleep (Experiment 1) and in normoxia and acute hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.12) following one night of habitual sleep and one night of TSD (Experiment 2). ResultsAlthough the effects of three nights of PSD on executive functions were inconsistent, one night of TSD (regardless of hypoxic status) reduced executive functions. Significantly, regardless of sleep or hypoxic status, executive functions are improved during an acute bout of moderate intensity exercise. ConclusionThese novel data indicate that moderate intensity exercise improves executive function performance after both PSD and TSD, regardless of hypoxic status. The key determinants and/or mechanism(s) responsible for this improvement still need to be elucidated. Future work should seek to identify these mechanisms and translate these significant findings into occupational and skilled performance settings.

Effects of exercise prior to a night of partial sleep deprivation on ambulatory blood pressure

Introduction: Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian rhythm intertwined with the sleep-wake cycle, dipping during sleep and surging in the morning. Prior work has found that sleeping ≤4.5 hours for one night (i.e., acute partial sleep deprivation [PSD]), can increase ambulatory BP during the night and subsequent day, resulting in increased 24-hour BP - a risk factor for increased mortality. In contrast, a bout of aerobic exercise can reduce ambulatory BP for up to 24 hours, termed post-exercise hypotension. The primary aim of this study is to examine if exercise can attenuate the rises in 24-hour ambulatory BP caused by acute PSD. We hypothesized that exercise would attenuate the elevated 24-hour BP response caused by acute PSD. Methods: Twenty young, healthy adults (22 ± 4 years; 7 males and 13 females; Sleep chronotypes: 4 early, 10 intermediate, and 6 late) completed a randomized crossover trial where they slept normally (sleep: 2300 to 0700 hours), sleep was partially deprived (sleep: 0330 to 0700 hours), or exercise (50-minutes continuous cycling at 70-80% age predicted heart rate maximum) was performed before a night of PSD (sleep: 0330 to 0700 hours). Sleep duration was assessed using self-report and an accelerometer worn on the wrist (wGT3X-BT, ActiGraph). Ambulatory BP (Oscar2, SunTech Medical) was measured in 30-minute intervals over the course of a 27-hour epoch. Results: Acute PSD increased 24-hour systolic (control: 118 ± 9 mmHg vs. PSD: 122 ± 9 mmHg. P<0.001) and diastolic (control: 67 ± 5 mmHg vs. PSD: 70 ± 7 mmHg, P<0.001) BP, but exercise did not blunt these responses (systolic BP: 122 ± 11 mmHg, P=1.0 vs. PSD; diastolic BP: 70 ± 6 mmHg; P=1.0 vs. PSD). Elevations in 24-hour BP were due to elevations in systolic (control: 104 ± 9 mmHg, PSD: 123 ± 12 mmHg, exercise + PSD: 121 ± 13 mmHg, P<0.001) and diastolic (control: 53 ± 7 mmHg, PSD: 71 ± 9 mmHg, exercise + PSD: 71 ± 9 mmHg, P<0.001) BP during the nighttime wakeful period (0000 to 0300 hours). Acute PSD blunted the magnitude of the morning BP surge (control: 24 ± 11 mmHg vs. PSD: 17 ± 8 mmHg , P=0.02) due to elevations in lowest sleep BP (control: 98 ± 7 mmHg vs. PSD: 104 ± 10 mmHg, P=0.007), but exercise did not reverse these responses (morning BP surge: 16 ± 8, P=1.0 vs. PSD; lowest sleep BP: 106 ± 13, P=1.0 vs. PSD). No sex or chronotype differences were observed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that acute PSD has minimal effects on the circadian BP profile in young, healthy adults irrespective of sex and chronotype, and continuous cycling exercise at a moderate intensity is not a sufficient stimulus to attenuate such effects. This research was supported by a Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Grant (P.J.M) This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

The Effect of Partial Sleep Deprivation and Time-on-Task on Young Drivers’ Subjective and Objective Sleepiness

Despite sleepiness being considered one of the main factors contributing to road crashes, and even though extensive efforts have been made in the identification of techniques able to detect it, the assessment of fitness-to-drive regarding driving fatigue and sleepiness is still an open issue. In the literature on driver sleepiness, both vehicle-based measures and behavioral measures are used. Concerning the former, the one considered more reliable is the Standard Deviation of Lateral Position (SDLP) while the PERcent of eye CLOSure over a defined period of time (PERCLOS) seems to be the most informative behavioral measure. In the present study, using a within-subject design, we assessed the effect of a single night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD, less than 5 h sleeping time) compared to a control condition (full night of sleep, 8 h sleeping time) on SDLP and PERCLOS, in young adults driving in a dynamic car simulator. Results show that time-on-task and PSD affect both subjective and objective sleepiness measures. Moreover, our data confirm that both objective and subjective sleepiness increase through a monotonous driving scenario. Considering that SDLP and PERCLOS were often used separately in studies on driver sleepiness and fatigue detection, the present results have potential implications for fitness-to-drive assessment in that they provide useful information allowing to combine the advantages of the two measures for drowsiness detection while driving.

Effects of partial sleep deprivation: speed management ability and associated crash risk

ABSTRACT This study modelled the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) in terms of sleep debt on mean speed, speed variability and associated crash probability. Fifty male drivers drove the driving simulator in three test sessions (TS): TS1 (night) and TS2 (lunch) after one and two consecutive nights of PSD (sleep ≤4.5h; measured using Actiwatch), respectively and TS3 with no sleep deprivation. The mean sleep debt observed in TS1, TS2 and TS3 were 2.2 h, 1.53 h and no sleep debt, respectively. A generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) model results showed that the crash risk increased 1.5 times with increasing sleep debt, 27% with increasing speed and doubled with increasing speed-variability. The findings show that reducing speed by more than 15% could have eliminated the risk of crashes. However, the drivers suffered from loss of speed control under the sleep debt conditions.

The Effects of a 30-Minute Napping Opportunity after a Night of Partial Sleep Denied on Cognitive and Short-Term High-Intensity Performance and Mood States

Background: It is suggested that there is a relationship between a 30-minute napping opportunity after a night of partial sleep denied on cognitive and short-term high-intensity performance and mood states. Aim: The purpose of this study was to look at the effects of a 30-minute nap on cognitive and short-term high-intensity performance, as well as mood states, following a night of partial sleep deprivation. Methods: On a voluntary basis, 15 elite male athletes took part in the study. The study was carried out as a quantitative study using an experimental design with pre-test and post-test groups. After four weeks of training on five days a week, the athletes were given a 30-minute nap (laying down) between 13:00 and 15:00. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index, vertical jump test, and pulmonary function test were administered to the athletes who napped at 17:00. The Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test was used to determine the data's normality distribution. In accordance with the experimental model and research design, the differences between measurement results were determined using the paired samples t-test (paired samples t-test). The threshold for significance was set at p0.05. Results: Maximum anaerobic power (W), average anaerobic power (W), minimum anaerobic power (W), vertical jump (cm), FVC(L), FEV1(L), FEV1/FVC (%) and FEF25 of the athletes participating in the research. A significant difference was determined between -75(L/s) pre-test values and post-test values (p<0.05). Athletes' anaerobic power (W), average anaerobic power (W), minimum anaerobic power (W), vertical jump (cm), FVC(L), FEV1(L), and FEF25-75 (L/s) post-test The athletes' FEV1/FVC (percent) post-test values were higher than the pre-test values and lower than the pre-test values (p0.05). Conclusion: As a result, short nap sessions have anaerobic power. It has been demonstrated that it improves respiratory functions and vertical jump parameters. Keywords: Cognitive level, napping, mood, high-intensity performance.

RoWDI: rolling window detection of sleep intrusions in the awake brain using fMRI

Objective. Brief episodes of sleep can intrude into the awake human brain due to lack of sleep or fatigue—compromising the safety of critical daily tasks (i.e. driving). These intrusions can also introduce artefactual activity within functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, prompting the need for an objective and effective method of removing them. Approach. We have developed a method to track sleep-like events in awake humans via rolling window detection of intrusions (RoWDI) of fMRI signal template. These events can then be used in voxel-wise event-related analysis of fMRI data. To test this approach, we generated a template of fMRI activity associated with transition to sleep via simultaneous fMRI and electroencephalogram (EEG) (N = 10). RoWDI was then used to identify sleep-like events in 20 individuals performing a cognitive task during fMRI after a night of partial sleep deprivation. This approach was further validated in an independent fMRI dataset (N = 56). Main results. Our method (RoWDI) was able to infer frequent sleep-like events during the cognitive task performed after sleep deprivation. The sleep-like events were associated with on average of 20% reduction in pupil size and prolonged response time. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity during the sleep-like events covered thalami-cortical regions, which although spatially distinct, co-existed with, task-related activity. These key findings were validated in the independent dataset. Significance. RoWDI can reliably detect spontaneous sleep-like events in the human brain. Thus, it may also be used as a tool to delineate and account for neural activity associated with wake-sleep transitions in both resting-state and task-related fMRI studies.

Partial sleep deprivation affects endurance performance and psychophysiological responses during 12-minute self-paced running exercise

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the effects of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on physical performance and psychophysiological responses during 12-minute self-paced running exercise. MethodsTwenty runners (20.8±1.1 years, 70.6±4.9 kg, 175.1±3.9 cm) performed, in a randomized order, two running self-paced field exercises after a normal sleep night (CONT, bedtime from 22:30 h to 06:30 h) and one night of PSD (bedtime from 00:30 h to 04:30 h). Core temperature and motivation were recorded before exercise. Speed, covered distance, heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and respiratory parameters (i.e., minute ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2)) were assessed during exercise. Blood lactate concentration [La] was assessed 2 min after exercise. Simple reaction time (SRT), mood and barrage test (BT) were assessed before and after exercise. ResultsHigher RPE (p=0.01, d=0.90) and lower physical performance (i.e., p=0.001, d=0.59 for running speed and p=0.01, d=0.7 and Δ (%)=-6% for covered distance), following PSD, were obtained compared to CONT. Similarly, PSD attenuated core temperature (p=0.01, d=0.84), HR (p=0.006, ɳp2=0.45), VE (p=0.001, ɳp2=0.73), VO2 (p=0.001, ɳp2=0.96), BT (p<0.0005, ɳp2=0.86), SRT (p=0.0009, ɳp2=0.44) and mood (p<0.0005). However, VCO2, [La] and motivation score were not affected by sleep conditions. ConclusionThe decrease of running performance and the increase of physical discomfort after PSD could be the origin of the lower cardio-respiratory responses to the 12-minute self-paced exercise. Effective strategies should be introduced to overcome the deterioration of physical performance and physiological responses after PSD.

Effects of a 30 min nap opportunity on cognitive and short-duration high-intensity performances and mood states after a partial sleep deprivation night

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of partial-sleep-deprivation (SDN) and a 30 min nap opportunity on physical and cognitive performances and mood states. Fourteen physically active students (BMI = 232.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2) performed the reaction time, the number cancellation (i.e., assessing vigilance) and the 5-m shuttle run tests and responded to the Profile of Mood States (POMS-f) questionnaire at 18h00 after a normal-sleep (NSN) and a SDN) and after two nap conditions (Nap and no-Nap) realized between 13h00 and 13h30. Vigilance and the reaction time were better after Nap compared to no-Nap opportunity following NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN only during no-Nap. Total and peak distance during the 5-m shuttle run test were higher and the fatigue index was lower during Nap compared to no-Nap condition after NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN during Nap and no-Nnap. Anxiety, fatigue, confusion, and depression were lower and vigour was higher during Nap compared to no-Nap after NSN and SDN and during NSN compared to SDN during Nap and no-Nap. In conclusion, a 30-min of nap opportunity helps to overcome the negative effect of SDN on mood states as well as physical and cognitive performances.

Sleep in highly automated driving: Takeover performance after waking up

Takeover performance in automated driving is subject to investigation in the context of a variety of driver states such as distraction or drowsiness. New driver states will emerge with increasing automation level with drivers potentially being allowed to sleep while driving a highly automated vehicle. Still at some point during a drive, drivers will be required to or voluntarily take back control of the vehicle. A simulator study was conducted to investigate drivers’ ability to take over the vehicle control after sleeping. In a within-subjects study design N = 25 test drivers completed a drive using a highly automated driving system a) during day time after a full night of sleep and b) early in the morning after a night of partial sleep deprivation. During the second drive, sleep was measured in drivers according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) standard using electroencephalography (EEG). In total, the participants had to handle four takeover requests (TORs) from the system, two while being awake (day drive) and two when being awakened from sleep stage N2 (morning drive). The objective criticality of the situations was assessed performing the Takeover Controllability rating (TOC-rating). The results indicate that the applied takeover time of 60 s was sufficient for drivers to reengage in driving after sleeping. Reaction times were extended by about 3 s after sleep compared to the wake condition. Takeover performance assessed with the TOC-rating however was clearly worse after sleep than after wakefulness which was also reflected in the drivers’ subjective perception of the criticality of the situation. Further research is needed on how to deal with performance impairments after waking up from sleep during automated driving.

Effects of sleep deprivation on arterial vasculature in university students

Abstract Introduction Sleep plays an essential role in the mental, emotional, physical and psychological well-being of an individual and a poor quality of this leads to psychological changes, also affecting the cardiovascular system. The current society demands more and more hours of work, which leads to a decrease in the quantity and quality of sleep, and this has already been associated in several studies with risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, among others, but was never considered a risk factor by its own. Objectives Understand if partial sleep deprivation for 4 nights causes vascular changes in healthy university students. Methodology The sample consisted of 20 healthy university students, who underwent 3 nights in which they slept the ideal for their age group, being evaluated at the end of those nights. At the next night they were subjected to partial sleep deprivation and were evaluated the next day. The third evaluation occurred after 4 nights of partial sleep deprivation. Evaluations consisted in carotid evaluation, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), blood pressure (BP) and temperature monitoring. From the first night, the participants used an actigraphy during the daily routine for 7 nights. An initial questionnaire was completed and also the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESE) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results Partial sleep deprivation causes a decrease in the diameter of the right brachial artery and the common carotid artery (CCA). There was also an increase in the SBP of CCA, in pulsatility and endurance indexes and on β-stiffness. With sleep deprivation, sleep efficiency also decreased. Conclusion Sleep deprivation leads to an increase in inflammatory markers that act on the endothelium and end up promoting the existence of cardiovascular events.

0317 Impact of Recurrent Partial Sleep Loss Combined with Acute Exercise on Circulating and Adipose Tissue Levels of Leptin, Adiponectin and Ghrelin in Healthy Young Individuals

Abstract Introduction Chronic sleep loss and aerobic exercise have opposing effects on body weight maintenance. The effects of sleep loss on circulating levels of the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and the anorexigenic hormone leptin have been extensively studied. In contrast, how these changes interact with acute exercise, and whether these changes are reflected at the tissue level, remains poorly understood. Methods In a randomized, 2 session, crossover design, 16 normal-weight young men were studied following three nights of partial sleep deprivation (4.25 hr sleep opportunity each night) and three nights of normal sleep (8.5-h sleep opportunity), monitored in a sleep laboratory. Each condition was followed by 30 min of intense morning ergometer cycling. Plasma levels of leptin and ghrelin, as well adipose tissue mRNA levels of leptin and adiponectin, were measured before and after each exercise intervention. Results In response to acute exercise, circulating levels of both leptin (ANOVA time effect: P&amp;lt;0.001) and ghrelin (time: P&amp;lt;0.001) decreased immediately (+15 min), and remained significantly lower +30, +60 and +240 min post exercise for leptin (all P&amp;lt;0.05), and up until +30 min post exercise for ghrelin. These effects were seen regardless of sleep condition (ANOVA sleep condition: P&amp;gt;0.10). In adipose tissue, mRNA expression of leptin and adiponectin was not different between the sleep conditions (ANOVA sleep condition: P&amp;gt;0.10). In contrast, mRNA levels of leptin decreased (P=0.017), whereas adiponectin mRNA increased (P=0.010) 3.5 hours post vs. pre exercise. The decrease in leptin in response to exercise appeared to mainly occur following sleep loss (P=0.066) and not after normal sleep (P=0.38). Conclusion Our results suggest that both circulating and adipose tissue levels of appetite-regulating hormones are altered in response to acute aerobic exercise, in a manner that does not depend on prior sleep history. Whether these findings apply to older, female, or metabolically ill individuals - and whether they may differ in response to circadian misalignment, or evening exercise - remains to be established. Support The Swedish Society for Medical Research, the Swedish Society of Medicine, the Swedish Research Council and the Göran Gustafsson; Swedish Brain; Åke Wiberg and NovoNordisk Foundations.

Effects of Partial Sleep Deprivation on Braking Response of Drivers in Hazard Scenarios

This study aimed at modeling the Response Time (RT) and Total Braking Time (TBT) of drivers under Partial Sleep Deprivation (PSD). Fifty male participants drove the driving simulator in three experimental conditions: two test sessions and a baseline. The two test sessions were conducted after one and two nights of PSD (sleep = 4.25 ± 0.5 h), respectively. Sleep reduction was recorded using a wrist-worn Actiwatch. The baseline session was conducted after full rest (7-8 h sleep/day for a week). The order of test sessions and baseline was randomized. Each test included two hazard events: 1) pedestrians crossing a road and 2) parked vehicles merging into a roadway. Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and Sleepiness Symptoms Questionnaire (SSQ) ratings were also recorded during each drive. Four separate models using parametric accelerated failure time (AFT) with Weibull distribution were developed for RT and TBT in the two events. The models were chosen with clustered heterogeneity to account for intra-group heterogeneity due to repeated measures across tests. In the case of pedestrians crossing event, RT increased by 10% in the first test session and no significant effect observed on RT in the second test session. The overall TBT reduced by 25% and 28% during the first and second PSD sessions, respectively. In the case of vehicle merging event, both response time and total braking time delayed by 44% and 17% respectively after PSD. Other factors such as age, experience, work-rest hours, KSS and SSQ rating, often exercising, approaching speed and braking force were also found significant in the analysis. The parametric AFT approach adopted in this study showed the change in ‘response time’ and ‘total braking time’ concerning the type of hazard scenario and partial sleep-deprivation.

Effects of Total and Partial Sleep Deprivation on Reflection Impulsivity and Risk-Taking in Deliberative Decision-Making.

Study ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of total and partial sleep deprivation on reflection impulsivity and risk-taking in tasks requiring deliberative decision-making processes.Participants and MethodsSeventy-four healthy young adults were selected to participate in two independent experiments, each consisting of a crossover design. In Experiment 1, 32 participants were tested after one night of regular sleep (RS), and after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD). In Experiment 2, 42 participants were tested following five nights of RS and after five nights of partial sleep deprivation (PSD), implying five hours of sleep per night. In both the experiments, two deliberative decision-making tasks were administered, involving different decision-making constructs. The Mosaic Task (MT) assessed reflection impulsivity, the tendency to gather information before making a decision. The Columbia Card Task cold version (CCTc) evaluated risk-taking propensity in a dynamic environment.ResultsUnlike TSD, PSD led to an increment of reflection impulsivity and risk-taking. Nevertheless, analyses taking into account the individuals’ baseline (RS) performance showed consistent results between the two experimental sleep manipulations. Participants who gathered more information to make decisions in the MT when well-rested, then relied on less evidence under sleep loss, and more cautious participants in the CCTc tended to make riskier decisions.ConclusionResults pointed to differential consequences of sleep deprivation depending on the habitual way to respond during decision-making involving deliberative reasoning processes. Results were interpreted according to a putative interaction between sleep loss effect and individual difference factors.

Cognition and Alertness in Medical Students: Effects of a Single Night of Partial Sleep Deprivation.

Background:Partial sleep deprivation is common among young adults today. Though multiple studies have stressed on the benefits of having a good sleep, medical students often compromise their sleep due to academic targets and stress. This can lead to changes in attention and cognition. The effects of acute partial sleep deprivation of a single night have been studied less and studies in the past in Indian context have shown controversial results that reaction time is decreased following acute partial sleep deprivation.Purpose:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a single night of partial sleep deprivation on the cognitive status and alertness of medical students in the Indian context and to find out the change in auditory event-related potential (AERP) and psychomotor vigilance of medical students following a single night of partial sleep deprivation.Methods:The study was a before–after experimental trial conducted among 20 medical student volunteers of a tertiary care hospital of eastern India. Baseline psychomotor vigilance task measured by unprepared serial reaction time, and AERP measured by P300, were assessed at baseline (after normal sleep) and after four hours of sleep deprivation (intervention).Results:It was seen that median RT had increased from 320.4 ms to 337.6 ms after acute partial sleep deprivation (P < .001). P300 and lapses (P < .05) were also found to increase significantly (P < .05), while there was significant decrease in correctness (P < .01).Conclusion:The study concluded that cognition is affected, including alertness and latency, following partial sleep deprivation even for a single night and contradicted earlier results of Indian studies stating variable effect on psychomotor vigilance.

Effects of acute and chronic sleep deprivation on eating behaviour

BackgroundExperimental studies consistently demonstrate that acute sleep deprivation increases food consumption. Moreover, epidemiological studies and meta‐analyses show that children with short sleep have twice the probability of suffering from obesity than normal sleepers. Similar results are reported in adolescents, while in adults results are heterogeneous. Habitual sleep patterns, however, have not been taken into account to date, yet they may explain this heterogeneity. This study aimed to test the effects of a night of partial sleep deprivation on food intake by comparing a group of individuals reporting symptoms of chronic insomnia with a group of individuals reporting good sleep, matched for age and gender.MethodBreakfast intake of 32 participants was unobtrusively measured after a night of partial sleep deprivation and after a night of habitual sleep.ResultsResults found that only good sleepers increased food intake at increasing level of body mass index (BMI) after sleep deprivation.ConclusionsAs only good sleepers showed the consequences of sleep deprivation, habitual sleep and habitual eating patterns should be considered in explanations of how long‐term sleep deprivation may affect eating behaviour and BMI in adults.

Effects of threat and sleep deprivation on action tendencies and response inhibition.

The ability to control action is crucial for adaptive responding, but may be compromised in situations involving strong emotions (e.g., threat) or when people are deprived of resources (e.g., sleep). As compromised action control can have large consequences in threatening situations, for example when police officers face a potentially armed suspect, we experimentally investigated how acute threat and partial sleep deprivation affect the ability to control impulsive responses, in 52 healthy young adults performing a simulated shooting task. The results showed that acute threat increased the tendency to act quickly (i.e., reduced response times; b = 9.46, SE = 2.90, 95% CI [3.49, 15.29], p = .001) and impaired response inhibition (i.e., increased stop signal reaction times; b = -4.91, SE = 2.31, 95% CI [-9.47, -0.44], p = .035). In addition, 3 nights of partial sleep deprivation (5 hr [n = 28] vs. 8 hr [n = 24] of sleep), led to a significant decrease in overall response accuracy (b = -0.22, SE = 0.09, 95% CI [-0.40, -0.05], p = .025). Contrary to expectations, our results did not show increased threat sensitivity in sleep-deprived individuals (all p > .13). Nevertheless, they may have important implications for professionals who are required to maintain behavioral control under high levels of threat and who experience disturbed sleep due to for example, shift work, as both factors negatively affected performance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

CHRONIC LACK OF SLEEP IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED SPORTS INJURY IN ADOLESCENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

Background:Although sleep has been identified as an important modifiable risk factor for sports injury, the effect of decreased sleep on sports injuries in adolescents is poorly studied.Purpose:To ...

Abstract # 3079 Sleep deprivation, inflammation and facial emotion recognition in older adults

Background Sleep disturbance, as well as inflammation predict depression risk, which may be due to effects of sleep loss and/or inflammation on affect regulation. We hypothesized that partial sleep deprivation (PSD) would impair emotion recognition in older adults, and that elevated levels of inflammation would be associated with such changes in affect regulation. Methods Older adults (N = 39) aged 61–86 years underwent a night of uninterrupted sleep (US), followed by a night of PSD. After each night, an Emotion Recognition Task was administered in a counterbalanced/crossover-design. Morning levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) stimulated monocyte production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor were measured three times: at baseline prior to the sleep protocol (BL), after US, and after PSD. Results As compared to US, PSD induced a delay in surprise and fear recognition (p’s Conclusion Sleep loss induces a delay in surprise and fear recognition in older adults. Pre-existing levels of cellular inflammatory responsivity appear to serve as a vulnerability factor for a delay in fear recognition following sleep loss. These findings have implications for persons with an underlying inflammatory disorder, who may be more at risk for having a failure to recognize salient emotions after sleep curtailment. Support provided by R01AG034588, the Max Kade Foundation, and the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology.

Effects of Napping on Alertness, Cognitive, and Physical Outcomes of Karate Athletes.

It has been suggested that napping is the best recovery strategy for athletes. However, researches on the impacts of napping on athletic performances are scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 30-min nap after a partial sleep deprivation, or a normal night condition, on alertness, fatigue, and cognitive and physical outcomes. Thirteen national-level male karate athletes were randomized to experience nap and no-nap conditions, after either a reference or a partial sleep deprivation night. The nap lasted 30 min at 1:00 PM. The postnap testing session started at 2:00 PM by quantifying subjective alertness and fatigue. Cognitive and physical performances were respectively measured before and after the karate-specific test (KST) by simple reaction time (SRT) test, lower reaction test (LRT), mental rotation test (MRT), squat jump (SJ), and counter movement jump (CMJ) tests. After a reference night, the nap improved alertness and cognitive outcomes (SRT, LRT, and MRT). No effects on subjective fatigue and physical performances were found. After a partial-sleep deprivation, the nap restored subjective alertness and the decrement in performances caused by sleep loss in most of the tests (MRT, LRT, and KST), but no effects were observed in subjective fatigue and CMJ. After the fatigue induced by KST, there was an ergogenic effect of the nap on the physical performances (CMJ and SJ), and a partial psychogenic effect on the cognitive performances (LRT). A 30-min nap enhances cognitive outcomes. It is also an effective strategy to overcome the cognitive and physical deteriorations in performances caused either by sleep loss or by fatigue induced by exhaustive trainings in the afternoon.