Night Fasting Research Articles

The Nurse-Implemented Chronotherapeutic Bundle in Critically Ill Children, RESTORE Resilience (R 2 ): Pilot Testing in a Two-Phase Cohort Study, 2017-2021.

Pilot test the nurse-led chronotherapeutic bundle in critically ill children, RESTORE Resilience (R 2 ). A two-phase cohort study was carried out from 2017 to 2021. Two similarly sized and organized PICUs in the United States. Children 6 months to 17 years old who were mechanically ventilated for acute respiratory failure. R 2 seven-item chronotherapeutic bundle, including: 1) replication of child's pre-hospital daily routine (i.e., sleep/wake, feeding, activity patterns); 2) cycled day-night light/sound modulation; 3) minimal effective sedation; 4) night fasting with bolus enteral daytime feedings; 5) early progressive mobility; 6) nursing care continuity; and 7) parent diaries. Children underwent environmental (light, sound) and patient (actigraphy, activity log, salivary melatonin, electroencephalogram) monitoring. Parents completed the Child's Daily Routine and Sleep Survey (CDRSS) and Family-Centered Care Scale. The primary outcome was post-extubation daytime activity consolidation (Daytime Activity Ratio Estimate [DARE]). Twenty baseline-phase (2017-2019) and 36 intervention-phase (2019-2021) participants were enrolled. During the intervention phase, nurses used the CDRSS to construct children's PICU schedules. Overall compliance with nurse-implemented R 2 elements 1-5 increased from 18% (interquartile range, 13-30%) at baseline to 63% (53-68%) during the intervention phase ( p < 0.001). Intervention participants were exposed to their pre-hospitalization daily routine ( p = 0.002), cycled day-night light/sound modulation ( p < 0.001), and early progressive mobility on more PICU days ( p = 0.02). Sedation target identification, enteral feeding schedules, and nursing care continuity did not differ between phases. Parent diaries were seldom used. DARE improved during the intervention phase and was higher pre-extubation (median 62% vs. 53%; p = 0.04) but not post-extubation (62% vs. 57%; p = 0.56). In the PICU, implementation of an individualized nurse-implemented chronotherapeutic bundle is feasible. Children who received the R 2 bundle had increased pre-extubation daytime activity consolidation compared to children receiving usual care. Given variation in protocol adherence, further R 2 testing should include interprofessional collaboration, pragmatic trial design, and implementation science strategies.

Undiagnosed status and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among adults living in eastern Ethiopia: Unmasking a silent killer of prevalence of diabetes mellitus

BackgroundThe global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly, with special concern for the entity silent or undiagnosed diabetes; those unaware of their condition. It is important to uncover the hidden extent of diabetes in order to identify diabetes-related problems early. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of undiagnosed DM and associated factors in Eastern Ethiopia. MethodsA quantitative, community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 609 adults not known to be diabetic from January 03 to February 23, 2023. A multi-stage sampling technique and a validated standardized instrument were used. Each participant was interviewed to collect socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics data. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. The fasting blood glucose (FBG) test was assessed by samples taken early in the morning, 8 h after night fasting. Undiagnosed DM was defined as not being diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus and an FBG level of ≥126 mg/dl. To identify factors associated with undiagnosed DM, logistics regression was used. The level of statistical significance was set at a value of p < 0.05. ResultsThe prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus was 8.64 % (95 % CI: 6.7–11.2). The multivariable analysis showed that sedentary behavior, family history of diabetes mellitus, current hypertension, and fruit consumption of fewer than three servings per week were independently associated with undiagnosed DM in studied participants. ConclusionAlmost one in eleven adults living in the study area had undiagnosed DM, and various associated factors identified were modifiable risk factors that could be useful in planning intervention measures for lifestyle modification.

Dietary Habits, Meal Timing, and Meal Frequency in Kuwaiti Adults: Analysis of the Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance Data.

Dietary habits, including meal frequency, meal timing, and skipping meals, have been extensively studied due to their association with the development of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). This study describes dietary habits, meal timing, frequency, skipping meals, and late-night eating in Kuwaiti adults. Kuwait National Nutrition Surveillance System data were utilized to reach the objectives of this study. The findings reveal that approximately 54% of the adults in Kuwait eat after 10 p.m., 29% skip breakfast, and 9.8% skip dinner. Furthermore, adults in Kuwait consume 4.4 meals per day on average. Women skip breakfast more often and have more extended night fasting than men (p < 0.001). Married adults skip breakfast and dinner less than unmarried adults (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this descriptive study provides valuable insights into the dietary habits of Kuwaiti adults, emphasizing the importance of further investigating the association between meal timing, meal frequency, and the prevalence of NCDs in Kuwait.

Circadian rhythms and diurnal patterns in the feed intake behaviour of growing-finishing pigs

The feeding behaviour of growing-finishing pigs is an important indicator of performance, health and welfare, but this use is limited by its large, poorly-understood variation. We explored the variation in basal feed intake of individual pigs by detecting circadian rhythms, extracting features of diurnal patterns and assessing consistency over time, from day-to-day and across age. Hourly feed intake data of individual pigs (n = 110) was obtained during one growing-finishing phase, using electronic feeding stations. We applied wavelet analysis to assess rhythms and a hurdle generalised additive model to extract features of diurnal patterns. We found that circadian rhythms could be detected during 58 ± 3% (mean ± standard error) of days in the growing-finishing phase (range 0–100%), predominantly at older ages. Although the group diurnal intake pattern was alternans (small morning peak, larger afternoon peak), individual pigs showed a range of diurnal patterns that changed with age, differing mostly in the extent of night fasting and day-to-day consistency. Our results suggest that the type, day-to-day consistency and age development of diurnal patterns in feed intake show general group patterns but also differ between pigs. Using this knowledge, promising features may be selected to compare against production, health and welfare parameters.

ASSESSMENT OF VITAMIN D AND CALCIUM LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrinological condition marked by poor carbohydrate metabolism. T2DM is increasing both domestically and globally. Vitamin D and calcium have a significant role in intermediate metabolic processes, which include enzyme activity, electrical gradients, and the functioning of cells. T2DM was shown to be correlated with abnormal calcium and vitamin D levels. The objective of the current study is to assess the calcium and vitamin D levels in 200 patients, of whom 100 were T2DM patients and 100 were healthy, non-diabetic controls. 12 hours of entire night fasting, a volume of 5 ml of blood was drawn completely aseptically from the antecubital vein to measure glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG), serum 25 hydroxy (OH) Vitamin D (25[OH]D) and calcium. There was a statistically significant difference between the type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic groups for the following measurements: FPG (P 0.001), PPPG (P 0.001), serum vitamin D (P 0.001), and calcium (P 0.001). Comparing T2DM patients to the control group, lower calcium and vitamin D levels were found. This study found that Type 2 diabetes patients had much lower vitamin D and calcium levels, which may play a key role in the disease's propensity to develop early in vulnerable people.

Evaluation of the Relationships between Irisin Levels and Cognitive Functions in Individuals with Schizophrenia.

: Irisin is a myokine that is involved in neurogenesis, neuronal proliferation, and neuronal differentiation. Many research examine the relationship between irisin and schizophrenia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and cognitive functions in individuals with schizophrenia. : Ninety-six individuals who were diagnosed with schizophrenia were included. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was used to assess disease severity. To evaluate the cognitive functions of the patients, the trail-making test was evaluated with the A and B forms and the verbal memory processes scale. After a 12-hour night fast, samples of fasting blood were obtained from the participants. : There was no significant correlation between irisin, duration of disease, and BPRS total score. In the analysis performed, a positive correlation was found between the plasma irisin level and the error score of the trail-making test form B. Other than that, no correlation was found between irisin level and cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients. In addition, in subgroup analysis between genders, it was determined that the duration of the trail-making test B was longer in female schizophrenia patients. : In this study, there was a positive correlation between the trail-making test B-form error scores and the irisin levels. This relationship between impaired executive functions and irisin levels may suggest that the irisin level is increased as compensation for the impairment in executive functions. More research is needed to understand the role of irisin in cognitive impairment and schizophrenia.

Night fasting as an alternative to improve nutritional support and glycaemic control in hospitalised patients with exclusive enteral nutrition

BackgroundEnteral nutrition (EN) assists in the nutritional status of hospitalised patients unable to feed orally. The aim of this study was to determine which method—continuous EN or discontinuous EN, a diet in which the infusion is discontinued for 4h during the night,—is more effective in meeting nutrient recommendations and improving glycaemic control and biochemical parameters related to protein anabolism. MethodsPatients were divided into two groups: discontinuous (EN administered in mL/h, 18h/day, 4-h night fasting) and continuous (EN administered in mL/h, 22h/day). All patients with EN receive the diet over a 22-h daily period, in which the diet is suspended for two hours/day for daily hospital routines such as bathing, and physiotherapy, and followed for seven days. Evaluated data: prescribed and administered volume, calories, protein, and fibre; capillary blood glucose; erythrogram; serum albumin. Results52 patients were followed-up, with 23 (44.2%) in the discontinuous group and 29 (55.8%) in the continuous group. Compared with the continuous group, the discontinuous group received volumes closer to those prescribed, equal or higher calories, and more protein. The capillary glucose values were within the reference range in the discontinuous group, while the continuous group presented elevated values. Both groups presented hypoalbuminaemia, haemoglobin, and haematocrit below the reference values; however, in the discontinuous group, the serum albumin values improved during hospitalisation relative to the continuous. ConclusionsThe method involving discontinuation of EN for 4h was more effective in meeting nutrient recommendations compared with the continuous method. Additionally, in the discontinuous group, we observed a better control of glycaemia when compared to that of the continuous group.

Investigation of the relationship between serum irisin level in the idiopathic restless legs syndrome: Could be a marker independent of physical activity?

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common but underdiagnosed neurological syndrome. It is characterized by the feeling of discomfort and desire to move, especially in the lower extremities, which often occurs at night, and the cure or relief of symptoms with movement. Irisin is a hormonelike polypeptide that was first identified in 2012, weighs 22kDa, consists of 163 amino acids, and is mainly synthesized in muscle. Its synthesis increases with exercise. Here in this study, we planned to investigate the relationship among serum irisin level, physical activity, lipid profile, and RLS. A total of 35 patients with idiopathic RLS and 35 volunteers were included in the study. Then, venous blood was taken from the participants in the morning after 12h of night fasting. The mean value of serum irisin level was 16.9±14.1ng/mL in the case group and 5.1±5.9ng/mL in the control group, which was statistically quite significant (p<.001). A significant efficiency (under the curve area 0.886 [0.804-0.967]) of irisin value was observed in the differentiation of patients in the case and control groups. Serum irisin level was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. In conclusion, we suggest that irisin may play a role in the pathophysiology of RLS independently of the intensity and duration of physical activity and anthropometric data, such as body weight, body mass index, and waist/hip ratio.

Acute effect of moderate and high-intensity interval exercises on asprosin and BDNF levels in inactive normal weight and obese individuals

This study aimed to examine the acute effects of moderate-intensity aerobic and high-intensity interval exercise protocols on Asprosin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) levels in inactive normal weight and obese individuals. A total of 20 male individuals aged 18–65 years, ten normal weight (NW) (Body Mass Index (BMI): 18.5–24.99 kg/m2) and 10 obese (Ob) (BMI: 24.99–35.00 kg/m2) participated in this study, voluntarily. Moderate aerobic exercise (AE) (main circuit 30 min, between 40 and 59% of Heart Rate Reserve: HRR) and High-Intensity Interval exercise (HIIE) running protocols (main circuit 20 min, between 75 and 90% of the HRR for 1 min*10 times, and 1-min active rest at 30% of the HRR) was applied to the volunteer participants in the morning hours (08.00–10.00 a.m.), following the night fasting (at least 8–10 h) for at least 3 days between each other. Blood samples were collected from the participants before and immediately after each exercise protocol, and serum asprosin and BDNF hormone levels were determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay” method. Basal serum asprosin was found to be significantly higher in the Ob group compared to the NW group (p < .001), while the basal serum BDNF hormone was found to be lower (p < 0.05). It was observed that the serum asprosin level of both groups decreased significantly after both AE and HIIE protocols (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significantly higher decrease in serum asprosin level in the Ob group compared to the NW group after HIIE protocol. For the Ob group, serum BDNF level increased considerably after HIIE protocol compared to AE protocol (p < 0.05). Serum asprosin was found to be higher in the Ob group, while the serum BDNF was found to be lower. In addition, the acute exercises of different intensity significantly affected hormones that regulate appetite metabolism. In particular, it was observed that the HIIE protocol had a greater effect on the regulation of appetite (hunger-satiety) in the Ob group. This result can be taken into account when planning training programs for these individuals.

Evaluation of lipid profile in patients with type II diabetes mellitus on different treatment

This study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the level of serum lipid profile in type II diabetic patients with different treatment by measuring the level of total cholesterol , triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and to compare them with the level of non –diabetic and normotensive volunteers selected as control (group 1). Methods: This study included (64) patients with type II diabetes ,and (12)healthy control subjects (group 1). Patients were divided into 4 groups according to their treatment :group 2 (n=12) diabetic patients on diet therapy only; group 3 (n=16) patients on combined treatment with insulin and metformine ,group 4 (n=18) patients on daonil only, group 5 (n=18) on insulin only. Blood samples were obtained from all diabetic patients and control subjects after over night fasting (14-16 hrs) and serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose were done for the patients and control. Weight, height &amp; body mass index were calculated according to the equation weight in kg/(height)2 in meter. Result; The result revealed that serum total cholesterol, was significantly raised in diabetic subjects as compared to control. There was no significant difference in serum LDL cholesterol, and serum TG between group 1 and 3, also no significant difference in serum LDL cholesterol, between group 1 and 5. Conclusion: It was concluded that the efficacy of the administration of metformin and insulin simultaneously without negative effects. No changes in serum HDL-C. Thus ,early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipideamia can be used as a preventive measure for the development of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes

The effects of taurine ingestion on anaerobic and physiological performance in female rugby players

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of low, moderate, or high doses of taurine on anaerobic and physiological performance in female rugby players. A total of 16 sub-elite female rugby athletes (21.3 ± 1.5 yr, 168.0 ± 4.9 cm, 62.1 ± 3.5 kg mean ± SD) participated in this research. Following familiarization, participants attended 4 successive tests separated by 72 h in a randomized, counter-balanced, crossover research design. Following an over night fast, participants completed a 5-min 60 Watt warm-up followed by a 30-s Wingate anaerobic test on a cycle ergometer after ingestion of either 2 g taurine (LOWTAU), 4 g (MODTAU), 6 g (HIGHTAU) or placebo (PLA) 1 h before the test. Peak (PP) and mean power (MP) along with heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), capillary lactate and blood glucose were measured. LOWTAU did not affect PP, MP, HR, lactate and glucose compared to PLA (p > 0.05), while MODTAU improved MP and HIGHTAU improved PP and MP compared to PLA and LOWTAU (p < 0.05). MODTAU and HIGHTAU had little effect on HR, blood lactate and glucose (p > 0.05). A single dose of taurine (MODTAU or HIGHTAU) 1 h prior to competition or training would provide an ergogenic effect on subsequent power output.

Breakfast habits and knowledge: Study involving participants from Brazil and Portugal

Abstract Breakfast has been considered one of the most important meals of the day. While breakfast habits and their consequences on children’s health and performance are well documented, studies on the adult population are still lacking. The aim of this study is to observe the breakfast consumption habits of Portuguese and Brazilian adults to understand the importance attributed to this meal, which leads people to have breakfast or to skip it, and also what types of food are consumed. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was carried out in both countries, and the data were collected through the internet. A convenience sample consisting of 694 participants (380 from Brazil and 314 from Portugal) were used in this study, all were adults who gave informed consent to participate in the research. The results showed that the majority of participants consumed breakfast every day (74.4% in Brazil and 78.3% in Portugal), and they did it at home (94.4 and 94.3% for Brazilians and Portuguese, respectively). The results also showed that the reasons for consuming breakfast and skipping it are very similar in both countries. People say they do not have breakfast because they do not want to eat in the morning or they do not have time. The reasons to always have breakfast include providing energy, satiety from night fasting, preventing hunger until lunch, because they like it, or simply because it is a habit. The level of knowledge was slightly higher among Portuguese than Brazilian participants and was found to vary according to the habits of having breakfast or skipping it and also according to country, sex, BMI class, and school level. In conclusion, breakfast habits were found to be very similar in both countries’, but the knowledge was higher among the Portuguese than the Brazilian participants. Breakfast is linked to a healthy lifestyle, and individuals’ behaviours and beliefs must be taken into account to promote health and well-being, thus diminishing the burden of noncommunicable diseases related to improper eating habits and dietary patterns.

Meal timing variability of rotating shift workers throughout a complete shift cycle and its effect on daily energy and macronutrient intake: a field study.

To evaluate the meal timing variability of rotating shift workers throughout a complete shift schedule and its effect on daily energy and macronutrient intake. Thirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated in a complete rotation shift cycle over 240 consecutive hours (10days; two days of morning shifts, two days of evening shifts, 24h free, two days of night shifts and three days off). Food intake related variables [meal timing, energy (kcal) and macronutrient intake (%)] were assessed by 24h recall by a trained nutritionist. Mixed models were used to analyze the variation in meal timing and energy and macronutrient intake throughout the shift cycle, as well as the interaction between shift and time ranges (00:00-03:59, 04:00-07:59, 08:00-11:59, 12:00-15:59, 16:00-19:59, 20:00-23:59). The first meal of the day was earlier on night shifts [D6 (3:44 ± 0:33) and D7 (5:52 ± 0:42)] compared to the other shifts (p < 0.001), except for D4 (evening shift; 5:51 ± 0:47) versus D7 (p = 0.999). Night shifts also showed a shorter night fasting (D5-D6, 9.3h; D6-D7, 9.6h) than most other nights (p < 0.05), except for the fasting between D1-D2 (11.3h) and D3-D4 (11.2h) (p > 0.05). There was no difference in 24h energy intake throughout the shift cycle (p = 0.065). The analysis of interaction between shift and time ranges showed that night shift (D6) presented a higher intake of energy (441.5 ± 48.4kcal), percentage of energy (D6: 17.8 ± 1.8%), fat (17.6 ± 2.0%), carbohydrate (17.0 ± 1.7%) and protein (16.4 ± 1.8%) between 00:00 and 03:59 compared with the other shift days (p < 0.05). Night shifts seem to contribute to a longer eating window than other shifts. Moreover, there is a higher energy and macronutrients intake during night shifts, which reduces the night fast period and could have implications for metabolic dysregulation.

Measurement in Worship and Examples of Its Jurisprudential Applications

The science of the fundamentals of jurisprudence is one of the necessary sciences, as it is the basis on which jurisprudential rulings are built, and from this accurate science many sciences branch out, including analogy. Islamic law, as it deals with new issues and events in all areas of life, and the importance of measurement in worship is of great importance because it relates to knowing the extent of the legitimacy of analogy in worship, and the reader of Islamic schools finds a great disagreement in their sayings, some of them deny it and some of them allow it, so the study aims to address this topic To achieve this goal, the researcher used the analytical inductive method, and in this research a new addition in the field of studies related to the principles of jurisprudence, and the study concluded with the most important results, including that analogy is a legitimate argument to prove judgments, which is the fourth evidence of judgments, and this is the opinion of the public, the permissibility of analogy in acts of worship with reasonable meaning. That is, whatever the cause is known, and as for acts of worship whose meaning is unknown, it is not permissible to measure them, such as measuring the night fast over the day, and this is what the majority of scholars went to.

Randomized two way crossover open label study to compare the bioequivalence of LOSARDIL 100 TM (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and COZAAR TM (Merck Sharp &amp; Dhome Ltd, UK) in Bangladeshi normal male volunteers

Objectives: A crossover-randomized bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of losartan (100 mg) tablets was carried out in 16 healthy male Bangladeshi volunteers. The test and reference formulations were LOSARDIL 100™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and COZAAR™ (Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Ltd, UK), respectively.&#x0D; Methods: Each tablet was administered with 150 mL of water to subjects after whole night fasting condition on two therapy days distinct by 1 week washout period. After administration, blood samples were accumulated periodically for 24 hours. The plasma concentrations of losartan were evaluated using a validated HPLC method. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0→24h, t1/2, and Kel were determined.&#x0D; Results: The mean (± SD) AUC0→24h for losartan of test drug LOSARDIL 100TM for 16 volunteers was 3310 ± 1165 ng.hr/mL whereas it was 3545 ± 1251 ng.hr/mL for losartan of COZAARTM . The relative bioavailability (LOSARDIL 100TM/COZAARTM ratio) was 93%. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) of losartan of test drug were 1855 ± 675 ng/mL, 0.77 ± 0.39 hours, 4.69 ± 1.17 hour and 0.15 ± 0.04 respectively. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) of losartan of reference drug were 2254 ± 944 ng/mL, 0.87 ± 0.29 hours, 4.13 ± 1.41 hour and 0.20 ± 0.04 respectively. &#x0D; Conclusion: Depend on the statistical interpretation the 90% CI for the test and reference drugs were observed within the acceptance range of 80-125%. In conjecture, LOSARDIL 100™ is bioequivalent to COZAAR ™ in terms of absorption.&#x0D;

Indeksi masne jetre kod gojaznih i negojaznih pacijenata sa dislipidemijom

Introduction: The obesity pandemic is closely related to the growing prevalence and severity of fatty liver. Metabolic imbalancesinsulin resistance and dyslipidemiaare cited as the main factors that create the basis for its occurrence and progression to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and other complications (cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma). Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the FLI and TyG indices within two groups of patients, obese and non-obese, as well as to determine their interrelationship and correlation with other laboratory parameters. Material and methods: The study included 62 patients, divided into two groups: obese and non-obese, equally represented (50%; 31). Anthropometric measurements and all laboratory tests of blood samples taken after 12-14 hours of night fasting were performed at the Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases UCCS. The FLI and TyG indices were calculated using appropriate algorithmic calculators. Results: The median of FLI in the obese patients was 86.4 and in the non-obese 13.7 (p &lt; 0.001). The average value of TyG in obese was 5.0 ± 0.3 and in the non-obese 4.7 ± 0.3 (p &lt; 0.001). Obese patients were significantly older, and had higher BMI and waist circumference (p &lt; 0.01). Non-obese patients had higher values of total cholesterol, HDL and LDL (p &lt; 0.05), while triglycerides were higher in obese patients (p = 0.01). The interrelationship as well as the correlation between indices and other laboratory parameters was of a significant medium degree (p &lt; 0.05), except in the case of HDL, where a moderate degree of negative correlation was observed. Conclusion: Fatty liver indices were significantly higher in obese patients. Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were higher in non-obese and tryglicerides were higher in obese patients. The interrelationship and correlations between the indices and other laboratory parameters were moderately positive. Lower HDL values resulted in higher indices values.

Bioequivalence study of BETALOC-XR™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and METOPROLOL 100 STADA™ (STADA Pharm Gmbh, Germany) as open-label, two-way crossover and randomized fashion among healthy male volunteers

Bioequivalence study of two oral formulations of metoprolol 100 mg tablet was brought about in 16 healthy male Bangladeshi normal individuals as crossover-randomized fashion. The test and reference formulated products were BETALOC-XR™ (Drug International Ltd, Bangladesh) and METOPROLOL 100 STADA™ (STADA Pharm Gmbh, Germany). Each tablet was delivered with 150 mL of water to every normal individual after whole night fasting on two treatment days separated by more than one week washout period. After administering drug, blood samples were collected serially for a period of 24 hours. A validated HPLC method was used to estimate the plasma concentrations of metoprolol. The pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, AUC0→24h, t1/2, and Kel were determined in this study. The mean (± SD) AUC0→24h for test drug BETALOC-XRTM was 490.3 ± 187.5 ng/hr/mL whereas for reference drug METOPROLOL 100 STADATM it was 559.9 ± 267.2 ng/hr/mL. The relative bioavailability (BETALOC-XRTM/METOPROLOL 100 STADATM ratio) was 87.5%. The Cmax, tmax, half-life of elimination (t1/2) and the rate of elimination (Kel) for test drug was 170.9 ± 78.3 ng/mL, 2.3 ± 0.8 hours, 1.2 ± 2.0 hour and 0.4362 whereas for reference drug was 209.1 ± 91.3 ng/mL, 1.7 ± 0.7 hours, 1.3 ± 2.2 hour and 0.5875 respectively. Based on these statistical hypothesis it was conjecture that a BETALOC-XRTM tablet is bioequivalent to a METOPROLOL 100 STADATM tablet.&#x0D;

Lipid Profile Levels in Smokers

Objective: The objective of this study was to record mean lipid profiles in smokers Methodology: All 200 (Two hundred) smokers were enrolled from Cardiology Department, Punjab Institute of cardiology Lahore during 2015 to 2016, the demographic profile of the patients’ was taken. Their ECG was done to ensure that they do not have any cardiac disease. After 12 hours over night fasting, blood samples were withdrawn from a cubital vein into blood tubes. The blood samples were sent to hospital laboratory for the analysis of lipid profile. Serum triglyceride (TG) level by GPO – PAP enzymatic colorimetric method, Serum total cholesterol (TC) level by CHOD – PAP enzymatic colorimetric method, Serum HDL-c level by precipitation method, Serum LDL-c level by using Friedewald’s formula, LDL-c = TC ˗ (HDL + TG/5), Serum VLDL-c level by using Friedewald’s formula VLDL-c = TG/5. Results: Of 200 cases 45%(n=90) were between 18-40 years of age while 55%(n=110) were between 41-60 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 41.98+11.02 years, 89.5%(n=179) were male and 10.5%(n=21) were females, mean lipid profiles in smokers was calculated as 188.38+16 55 for total cholesterol, 157.33+15.93 triglycerides, 42.47+4.88 HDL, 114.44+13.43 LDL and 31.47+3.19 for VLDL. Conclusion: the smokers are at higher risk of developing dyslipidemia. Our results are encouraging for smokers to quit their habits to live a healthy life. Keywords: Smokers, lipid profile, mean

Peripheral Resistance to Arginine Vasopressin and Its Relationship with Plasmaosmolarityinaged Population

Background: The causes of age-related poor urine concentration capacity favouring low-grade chronic dehydration in aged populations are not well understood. Objectives: To explore links between age and plasma and urine osmolarity levels and a possible picture of peripheral resistance to arginine vasopressin (R-AVP) in an aged population. Design: observational cross-sectional study. Study population: communitydwelling subjects aged 70 years and older. Data collection: Blood and urine samples collected after 10 hours night fasting were analysed for osmolarity and copeptin levels (AVP surrogate). R-AVP was established based on a urinary osmolarity/copeptin ratrio&lt;35. Results: 237 subjects were recruited (mean age 75.7 years, 52.7% women). Plasma osmolarity was similar between the sexes and age groups (70-79 and ≥80 years); whereas urine osmolarity was lower in women and in the older age group. Plasma hyperosmolarity (&gt;295 mOsm/L) was present in no women and in 4.5% of men, and was significantly 14 times greater in the older group. R-AVP prevalence was 12.7% in the younger group vs 20.7% in the older group (p=0.252). Subjects with R-AVP, compared to without R-AVP, presented higher plasma osmolarity (287.6 vs 285.4 mOsm/L; p=0.023) and higher prevalence of plasma hyperosmolarity (8.7% and 0.7%; p=0.053). R-AVP was also related with IL-6 and creatinine levels and with loop diuretic use. Conclusions: Urine concentration capacity decreases and plasma hyperosmolarity increases after the age of 80 years. Fourteen percent of ≥70 year’s old population present R-AVP, which greatly increases the risk of plasmahyperosmolarity and is related with loop diuretic use, and IL-6 and creatinine levels.

Effects of Carbohydrate and Sodium Chloride Mouth Rinses on Repeated Sprint Performance

Aim: The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of oral rinsing of CHO and NaCl on repeated sprint performance in trained athletes.&#x0D; Methods: Fifteen trained athletes (5 women; 10 men) voluntarily participated in the repeated, single-blind, placebo-controlled and crossover design study. Athletes came to the laboratory with a night fasting four times with an interval of at least 48 hours and participated in the repeated sprint test (10 sec × 6, 40 sec intervals) after 30 minutes of endurance exercise (70% maxVO2). At the 0th, 10th, 20th and 30th minutes of the endurance exercise, it was requested to MR with CHO (6.4% maltodextrin), sodium chloride (6.4%) solution and water (placebo) or no rinsing (control).&#x0D; Results: As a result of the analyzes performed with 3 × 4 ANOVA, the power output variables obtained by repeated sprint performance [peak power, average power, minimum power (W, W/kg) and fatigue index (%)] and fatigue variables (heart rate, blood lactate level and rate of perceived exertion) between sessions were not found to be significantly different.&#x0D; Conclusion From the obtained results, it may be concluded that the method and stimuli used in this study seem insufficient to affect the outcome variables of physical performance.