Night Eating Questionnaire Scores Research Articles

Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Associated With Night Eating Syndrome and Sleep Complaints in Adolescence?

To evaluate the relationship between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), night eating syndrome (NES), and sleep problems in the adolescent population. PCOS patients (n = 43) and healthy controls (n = 62) aged between 15 and 19 years were recruited from the clinics of Adolescent Medicine and Adolescent Gynecology. The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire-Short Form (PSQ-SF) were completed by the participants. The PSQI (P = .175), PSQ-SF (P = .320), and NEQ (P = .493) scores were not statistically different between the PCOS and control groups. The NEQ scores were positively correlated with illness duration (r = 0.348, P = .024) in the PCOS group. There was no significant correlation between the NEQ scores and body mass index Z-score, total testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels, or modified Ferriman-Gallwey Score. The NEQ scores were positively correlated with both the PSQI (r = 0.532, P < .001) and PSQ-SF scores (r = 0.204, P = .037) in the PCOS group. The ratio of adolescents at risk for NES (having an NEQ score ≥25) did not differ significantly between the PCOS and control groups (P = .601). Adolescents with PCOS have NES scores similar to those of healthy controls. This result may change as the duration of exposure to the disease increases. When screening adolescents with PCOS for eating, psychiatric, and sleep problems, they should also be screened for NES due to the high comorbidity rates and symptom overlap of these health conditions.

Evaluating Night-Eating Syndrome in bariatric surgery patients: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundNight-Eating Syndrome (NES) is a complex eating disorder that has gained recognition in the context of bariatric surgery. However, its prevalence and associated factors in this specific patient population remain understudied, particularly in the Saudi Arabian context.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from June to November 2022. Adult patients who had undergone bariatric surgery with a postoperative follow-up of 6 months were included. NES was assessed using the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ).ResultsA total of 154 patients were enrolled in the study, with a mean age of 38.8 ± 11.4 years. The mean BMI before surgery was 44.8 ± 8.2 kg/m2, which reduced to 28.9 ± 5.8 kg/m2 post-surgery. Of these, 52 patients (33.8%) met the criteria for NES based on NEQ scores. The prevalence of NES was significantly higher among female patients, with 35 out of 83 females (42.2%) compared to 17 out of 71 males (23.9%) experiencing NES. While NES was not significantly associated with age, nationality, diet adherence, BMI, or surgery type, chronic diseases—particularly diabetes—emerged as significant risk factors for NES in post-bariatric surgery patients.ConclusionNES is a prevalent concern among post-bariatric surgery patients, with distinct associations with gender and chronic diseases, particularly diabetes. This study provides valuable insights into NES prevalence and its risk factors in the Saudi Arabian context, highlighting the importance of addressing eating disorders within the framework of bariatric surgery care.

Hedonic hunger, food addiction, and night eating syndrome triangle in adolescents and ıts relationship with body mass ındex

BackgroundThe relationship between adolescent obesity and eating disorders is an issue that needs urgent attention. Screening for eating disorders is as important as dietary interventions to treat obesity. This study aimed to determine the relationship between hedonic hunger, food addiction, and night eating syndrome, which are considered potential risk factors for obesity, and body mass index (BMI) in adolescents.MethodsThe data were collected through an online questionnaire. The “Power of Food Scale (PFS)” was used to assess hedonic hunger; the “Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0)” was used to assess food addiction; and the “Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ)” was used to assess night eating syndrome (NES)”. BMI was calculated using self-reported height and weight values of adolescents. The mediated structural model analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of hedonic hunger on BMI z score via food addiction and NES.ResultsThe study was conducted with 614 voluntary adolescents aged between 11 and 18 years. The dYFAS-C 2.0 and NEQ scores were found to be higher in adolescents with overweight and obesity, and the BMI z-score of the adolescents had significant positive correlation with their PFS scores (p < .001). Hedonic hunger has no direct effect on BMI independent of food addiction and NES (β = − 0.051, p = .468), but when the total indirect effect is evaluated with the bootstrap analysis, it was found that one-unit increase in hedonic hunger score increases BMI z-score by approximately 0.22 units (β = 0.223, SE = 0.046, 95% CI 0.131–0.313). Hedonic hunger, food addiction, and NES together explained 5.2% of the total variance in BMI z score.ConclusionThis study showed that hedonic hunger significantly predicted BMI z-score in adolescents through food addiction and NES. This emphasizes the critical importance of evaluating adolescents in terms of hedonic hunger, food addiction, and NES in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity.

Beat the Clock: Assessment of Night Eating Syndrome and Circadian Rhythm in a Sample of Greek Adults.

The night eating syndrome (NES) is characterized by excessive food intake during the evening and night hours, with 25% of the daily intake being consumed post-dinner, paired with ep-isodes of nocturnal food intake, at a frequency of more than twice weekly. The NES has been associated with a misaligned circadian rhythm related to a delay in overall food intake, increased energy and fat consumption. The present cross-sectional study aimed to assess NES in a Greek population and evaluate possible links between NES and chronotype. NES was assessed using the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and circadian rhythm, sleep and mood were evaluated with the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Mood (SCRAM) questionnaire. A total of 533 adults participated in the study. A relatively high prevalence of NES was revealed, with more than 8.1% (NEQ ≥ 30) of the participants reporting experiencing NES symptoms, depending on the NEQ threshold used. Most participants had the intermediate chronotype. NEQ score was positively associated with the morning chronotype, and SCRAM was negatively related to "Good Sleep". Each point increment in the depression score was associated with 6% higher odds of NES. The early identification of NES gains importance in clinical practice, in a collective effort aiming to reduce NES symptomatology and its detrimental health effects.

Disordered Eating in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was the most prevalent endocrine disorder among women. Weight issues were commonly observed and found to be associated with comorbidities. This study aimed to compare Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) scores and Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) scores in patients with and without PCOS and analyze the factors associated with disordered eating. Women aged 18-25years with and without PCOS (n = 110 for each group) were included in the study. All patients completed the EDE-Q, NEQ, Beck Anxiety, and Beck Depression inventories. Disordered eating was found more frequently in women with PCOS than in controls (25.5% vs. 2.7%, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in NEQ scores between the two groups. Anxiety and depression scores were higher in patients with PCOS than in controls (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively). PCOS diagnosis (OR: 7.4, CI: [1.63-33.7]; p = 0.010) and high BMI (OR: 1.24, CI: [1.10-1.39]; p < 0.001) were found to be independent factors for disordered eating (EDE-Q global score ≥ 4). Disordered eating was more common in young women with PCOS compared to the control group. PCOS diagnosis and having a high BMI (> 25) were found to be independent factors related to disordered eating in young women with PCOS. Young women with a high BMI or PCOS appear to be at a higher risk of disordered eating than women of the same age. Scanning this group may help clinicians in identifying women at high risk for eating disorders and preventing comorbidities associated with them.

The Relationship of Hedonic Hunger and Night-Eating Symptoms with Difficulties in Emotion Regulation in Young Adults

Purpose. This study aimed to examine the association between hedonic hunger and night-eating syndrome (NES) with difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) among young adults. Design and Methods. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on a voluntary basis at a private foundation university, involving a total of 1010 students enrolled in the 2020-2021 academic year. Data were collected through an online application of an information form, which assessed demographic characteristics, the Power of Food Scale (PFS), the Night-Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-16). The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS26® software. Findings. Women made up 80.4% of the students in the study. The mean age was 21.58 ± 2.98 years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.06 ± 3.71 kg/m2. The results indicated that 68.1% of the students reported hedonic hunger and 88.7% had NES. Moreover, DER was found to be more prevalent among women (p=0.031). In addition, the DERS-16 score increased by 6.5% (p=0.040) with each increase in age and by 6.8% (p=0.031) with each increase in BMI. Furthermore, the total PFS score increased by 32.5% (p&lt;0.001), and the total NEQ score increased by 22.4% (p&lt;0.001), corresponding to an increase in the total DERS-16 score. Practice Implications. These findings suggest that an increase in the difficulties experienced in emotion regulation is associated with higher levels of hedonic hunger and night-eating tendencies among young adults.

Associations of personality traits with night eating among students in health sciences who live in a post-conflict setting

ABSTRACT The intake of food later in the evening can have harmful health consequences. Some researchers suggest that having certain personality characteristics may be associated with the onset of eating disorders. There is a lack of studies on personality traits and night eating in a complex socio-political setting. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between personality traits and more intense night eating among students in northern Kosovo. A cross-section study was conducted in a population of health science students at the University in Kosovska Mitrovica. Students completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), HEXACO-60 personality inventory, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The independent variables (exposures) were the six domains of the HEXACO-60 (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience). The study outcome was the NEQ score. The study sample consisted of 534 students. The prevalence of night eating syndrome was 3.0%. The multivariate linear regression model suggested that stronger Extraversion and Openness to Experience were associated with more frequent night eating. Additionally, later bedtime, poorer sleep quality and higher scores on BDI and BAI were associated with more frequent night eating across all six models of models of personality traits. In a population of health science students who live in a complex socio-political environment, extraversion and openness to experience traits were associated with more frequent night eating. These findings could help researchers and clinicians tailor specific behavioral therapies to match the personality traits of people with night eating issues.

An Evaluation of Mindful Eating, Sleep Quality, and Night Eating Syndrome of Adults

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the differences that emerged with mindful eating, sleep quality, and night eating syndrome in adults.&#x0D; Material and Methods: A survey model was used for the study, and it included randomized selected 18-65 aged 580 adults in Konya with a questionnaire consisting of demographic and anthropometric measurements, nutrition habits, Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30), Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).&#x0D; Results: The mean (x̄±SE) of the MEQ-30 was found to be 3.25±0.027 in women and 3.22±0.024 men. Men’s emotional eating score is higher than women, and their eating control, awareness, and eating discipline scores are lower than women, eating control (p=0.002) and eating discipline differed (p=0.045) for BMI. Due to the NEQ scores, 59% of those at risk for Night Eating Syndrome (NES) were in women and 41% men. Mood/sleep dysfunction scores differed in gender among other sub-dimensions of NEQ (p=0.044). In PSQI total scores, good (14.06±0.372) (55.3%) and poor (14.22±0.355) (44.7%) sleep quality did not differ (p=0.771). A negative correlation was found between NEQ and MEQ-30 scores (p=0.815) and PSQI and NEQ scores (p=0.195). However, MEQ-30 and the PSQI scores showed significant differences (p=0.000), and the correlation was found to be low (r=0.024).&#x0D; Conclusion: Mindful eating, and sleep quality scores may be variable according to gender and BMI, it has a relationship between mindful eating and sleep quality, which has not been determined by night eating behaviors. Therefore, it is important to consider that factors be an indicator of maintaining healthy eating habits.

Gece yeme bozukluğu ve uyku kalitesini ameliyat ile tedavi etmek mümkün mü? Obezite cerrahisinin faydaları

Aim: This study was conducted to assess sleep quality and night eating syndrome in patients with morbid obesity after bariatric surgery. &#x0D; Material and Method: Patients with morbid obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were evaluated. The preoperative and postoperative values of Body Mass Index (BMI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Berlin Sleep Questionnaire (BSQ) were compared. &#x0D; Results: A total of 82 surgery candidates who were aged between 18 and 65 (36.36±10.37) were planned for bariatric surgery participated in our study. We completed our study with 77 patients since 5 of the patients did not come to their postoperative 6th-month controls for various reasons. Standard psychiatric examinations of the candidates were performed before and after the surgery, and their written consent was obtained after they had been informed about the study. Mean preoperative BMI value was found as 44.53±4.33, HAM-A value as 4.96±6.14, HAM-D value as 3.82±3.84, PSQI value as 4.69±3.64, and NEQ score as 15.94±7.94. In the 6th month evaluations after surgery, the mean BMI value was found as 30.74±3.55, HAM-A value as 2.39±3.47, HAM-D value as 1.57±2.39, PSQI value as 1.48±1.42, and NEQ score as 5.58±3.06. The mean EWL value was found as 61.71±10.58. &#x0D; Conclusion: In conclusion, morbid obesity may cause anxiety, depression, and night eating syndrome and may impair sleep quality in parallel to them. We observed that these clinical conditions improved after bariatric surgery.

Night eating, weight, and health behaviors in adults participating in the Daily24 study

BackgroundNight eating syndrome (NES) is associated with adverse health outcomes. This study evaluated the relationship between night eating severity, weight, and health behaviors. MethodsParticipants (N = 1017; 77.6% female, mean Body Mass Index (BMI) = 30.5, SD = 7.8 kg/m2, age = 51.1, SD = 15.0 years) were recruited from three health systems. Participants completed the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and questionnaires assessing sleep, chronotype, physical activity, diet, weight, and napping. ResultsIn the overall sample, higher NEQ scores were associated with higher BMI (p < .001) and consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (p < .001), as well as lower fruit/vegetable consumption (p = .001). Higher NEQ scores were associated with increased odds of having overweight/obesity (p < .001), eating fast food (p < .001), moderate-vigorous physical activity (p = .005), and smoking (p = .004). Participants who exceeded the screening threshold for NES (n = 48, 4.7%) reported elevated BMI (p = .014), an increased likelihood of overweight/obesity (p = .004), greater sugar-sweetened beverages consumption (p < .001), napping less than twice per week (p = .029), shorter sleep duration (p = .012), and a later chronotype (M = 4:55, SD = 2:45). ConclusionNight eating severity was associated with obesity and intake of fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages. Interventions to address night eating and associated behaviors may enhance the efficacy of weight management interventions and promote engagement in positive health behaviors.

Investigation of taste function and eating behavior in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age that is associated with eating disorders and disordered eating. No data is available regarding taste function in women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to assess taste function and eating behavior in patients with PCOS compared to healthy women and investigate potential impact of oral contraceptive (OC) use on those. Forty-four patients with PCOS and 36 age and body-mass-index matched healthy controls were enrolled. Gustatory function was assessed by taste strips (sweet, sour, salty, bitter) and Food Cravings Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T), Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18 (TFEQ-R18) were applied. All measurements were repeated in patients after receiving an OC along with general lifestyle advice for 3 months. At baseline, PCOS group had lower total taste strip test (TST) scores compared to controls (11.7 ± 2.2 vs. 13.1 ± 1.4; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed lower sour and salty taste scores in PCOS group (2.4 ± 0.9 vs. 2.9 ± 0.7; p = 0.004; and 2.6 ± 1 vs. 3.1 ± 0.7; p = 0.01 respectively). Sweet and bitter taste scores were similar. No difference was determined in eating behavior. Linear regression analysis revealed that hyperandrogenism was significant predictor for total TST score (R2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Higher free androgen index (FAI) was associated with lower total TST score (p = 0.01). Total TST score, TFEQ-R18 and NEQ scores remained unaltered after treatment in the PCOS group whereas FCQ-T scores showed significant reduction (p = 0.02), mainly due to a decrease in lack of control subscale (p = 0.01). Our results suggest that taste perception is reduced in PCOS, and short-term OC use does not alter taste functions in the syndrome.

Examination of night eating and loss-of-control eating following bariatric surgery.

Post-operative loss-of-control (LOC)-eating is a negative prognostic indicator for long-term outcomes following bariatric surgery. Emerging research suggests that night eating might also be associated with poorer post-operative outcomes. This study examined the co-occurrence and clinical features of night eating in patients with LOC-eating following bariatric surgery. Participants were 131 adults who sought treatment for eating/weight concerns 6months following sleeve gastrectomy. The Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) interview (Bariatric-Surgery-Version) assessed LOC-eating, regular night eating (at least weekly), and eating-disorder psychopathology. Participants completed the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Approximately, 15% met screening criteria for night-eating syndrome based on the NEQ. Greater NEQ scores were associated significantly with race, lower percent total weight loss (%TWL), and greater EDE, BDI-II, and PSQI scores. Similar results were observed when comparing groups with regular night eating (21.4%) versus without (78.6%); adjusting for race and %TWL revealed similar findings. In post-bariatric patients with LOC-eating, 15% likely had night-eating syndrome and 21.4% engaged in regular night-eating behavior. The co-occurrence of LOC-eating and regular night eating following sleeve gastrectomy may represent a more severe subgroup with elevated psychopathology, poorer sleep and %TWL. Level III, evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.

Impact of Social Jetlag and Circadian Patterns on Patients with Metabolic and Nocturnal Eating Syndromes

Objective Metabolic syndrome (MS) can result in many health hazards, including coronary heart disease, diabetes, fatty liver, and several types of cancer. Social jetlag is a discrepancy between biological and social timing. Circadian rhythm disruption is suggested to disturb the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Disturbance of the HPA axis was reported to increase the risk of developing visceral obesity and MS. We hypothesized that social and circadian rhythm disruptions negatively impact patients with obesity and MS. This study aimed to detect the associations between obesity, MS, nocturnal eating syndrome, and social jetlag. Methods One hundred obese patients were recruited (61 had MS). The patient group was compared to a healthy nonobese control group (n=50). Each studied patient was subjected to three question-naires [Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire, Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and Sleep Timing Questionnaire]; their anthropometric measures were taken, fasting lipid profile, liver, and kidney function tests, and fasting insulin were also assessed. Results Patients with evening chronotype were mainly from the obese with MS group. NEQ total score was higher in obese patients with MS, and it showed a significant positive correlation with BMI. Total cholesterol, NEQ score, age, sleep latency, and awakening after sleep onset had significant associations with MS. Conclusion Evening chronotype has a significant association with MS. Social jetlag negatively impacts obesity and MS, leading patients to have frequent nocturnal eating behaviors. Screening for sleep profile and social jetlag should be included in routine clinical practice of managing obesity. Key Words: Key WordsMetabolic syndrome; Obesity; Social jetlag; Chronotype, Night eating syndrome

Do chronotype differences and night eating syndrome affect dental health?

Our aim in this study was to examine the effect of chronotype differences and night eating syndrome on dental health parameters such as the decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index, the severity of the periodontal disease and the number of endodontically treated teeth in patients admitted to the dental clinic. The participants, 210 patients, filled out a package of psychological tools, including the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Afterwards, the DMFT index scores, the severity of the periodontal disease and the number of endodontically treated teeth of patients were recorded simultaneously with a routine dental examination. Findings show that the ISI and NEQ scores were significantly higher in the evening-type individuals (E-types) than in the morning-type individuals, and there was no significant difference between the chronotypes in terms of the number of endodontically treated teeth and the DMFT scores. In ordinal regression analyses, not brushing teeth (OR 7.94, CI 6.40-9.85), increased number of decayed teeth (OR 1.16, CI 1.13-1.19) and decreased MEQ scores (OR 0.95, CI 0.94-0.95) were statistically significant predictors for periodontal disease. Although there was no correlation between chronotype differences and the DMFT index, and the number of endodontically treated teeth, E-types had a higher risk of periodontal disease severity.

Night-Eating Syndrome and Depressive Symptoms in College Freshmen: Fitness Improvement Tactics in Youths (FITYou) Project.

BackgroundEmerging evidence has shown that night-eating syndrome is correlated to depressive symptoms. However, these studies were mainly small-scale investigations.PurposeThis study aimed to examine the association of night-eating syndrome with depressive symptoms among college students using a large-scale sample.MethodsA cross-sectional study, which was a part of the Fitness Improvement Tactics in Youth Project, was conducted in 2017. The current study included 3278 college freshmen from Shenyang, China. They completed self-administered questionnaires and provided their sociodemographic and lifestyle information. Night-eating syndrome was assessed using the night-eating questionnaire (NEQ). Depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS).ResultsOf participants, 5.4% had night-eating syndrome (NEQ score ≥30), and 21.3% had depressive symptoms (SDS score ≥53). Prevalence of night-eating syndrome was higher in male than female students (p = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis indicated that students with night-eating syndrome had a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those without the syndrome after adjusting covariates (odds ratios [95% CI]: 3.28 [2.40, 4.48], p < 0.001). Consistent results were found when night-eating syndrome was defined as NEQ score ≥25. In addition, analysis of covariance showed a significant association between NEQ quartiles and SDS score (mean [95% CI]: Q1, 44.4 [43.8, 45.0]; Q2, 43.4 [42.7, 44.0]; Q3, 44.4 [43.7, 45.1]; Q4, 47.5 [46.9, 48.2], p < 0.001 for linear and quadratic trend).ConclusionThis study showed an association between night-eating syndrome and depressive symptoms among Chinese college freshmen.

Night Eating Syndrome, circadian rhythms and seasonality: a study in a population of Italian university students.

The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of Night Eating Syndrome (NES) in a university student population and to clear up the relationship between NES, depression and chronotype. The relation between NES and seasonality was also investigated. The data were collected from a sample of 1136 students of the L'Aquila University, Italy. All subjects were invited to answer to the Sociodemographic Information Form and to take a self-report battery composed by four questionnaires: the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The 5.3% of our population (60 subjects) reached the criteria for NES. The distribution of chronotypes in the sample was: Morning Type 15.3%, Intermediate 64.3% and Evening Type 20.4%. The 36.7% of the participants reaching the criteria for NES, obtained low scores on the MEQ. The data indicated that NEQ and MEQ scores are significantly inversely correlated (r=-.22; p<.01, two-tailed test). The 3.6% of our population (41 subjects) reached the criteria for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and 10.7% for subclinical SAD (121 subjects). Furthermore, the 11.7% of subjects with NES presented SAD and the 5% presented Subclinical SAD. The data demonstrated that NES and Global Seasonality Score (GSS) are significantly associated (r=.22; p<0.01, two-tailed test). The main finding of this study is the strong relation between NES and eveningness dimension. Our results help to clear up the literature debate about the role of eveningness dimension in the night eating, suggesting that subjects with NES present a circadian delay, not only in the food intake, but in the entire functioning. At the best of one knowledge this study is the first one to examine the relationship between NES and seasonality. This research found preliminary evidence that, similarly to the findings of previous studies in subjects with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) and Binge Eating Disorder (BED), night eating symptoms may vary significantly across the seasons; subjects with NES experience seasonal variation in their mood and in their eating patterns.

Night Eating Syndrome and Food Addiction in Turkish Population

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of food addiction (FA) and night eating syndrome (NES) and to investigate any correlation between them in Turkish population. Materials and Methods: Subjects registered with family medicine centers were randomly invited to participate in the study (415 volunteers). Participants were evaluated with a socio-demographic data form, the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ). Results: A total of 295 subjects, including 160 females and 135 males, were evaluated in our study. The mean age of the participants was 33.78±10.72 and the mean BMI was 25.11±4.63. 7.8% of the subjects had FA according to the YFAS, and 13.2% had NES according to the NEQ. The prevalence of a coexistence of NES and FA was 2%. Using Pearson correlation analysis, a positive correlation was established between BMI and NEQ (r=0.14, p<0.01) and a positive correlation was found between total scores from the NEQ and the YFAS (r=0.14, p<0.01). With multiple linear regression analysis, it was demonstrated that 18.4% of total NEQ scores could be explained by eight YFAS symptom scores (p<0.001). Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that normal-weight, overweight or obese individuals may have NES or FA or both. Therefore, it could be useful to assess these problematic eating behaviors in individuals presented to family medicine outpatient clinics and to refer those with these problematic eating behaviors to relevant treatment centers.

Investigation of Night Eating Syndrome Frequency in Adults in a Family Health Center

Objective: In this study, it was aimed to determine the frequency of&#x0D; night eating syndrome (NES) risk in adults who appealed to a family health&#x0D; center. Method: The research was structured as a cross-sectional study at&#x0D; Gümüşhane Kürtün Family Health Center between February 2018 and August 2018. In&#x0D; this study, sociodemographic information questionnaire and the Night Eating&#x0D; Questionnaire (NEQ) were administered to 403 volunteers aged 18 years and over&#x0D; who appealed to the family health center for any reasons. Participants who&#x0D; received 25 points and above from the NEQ were considered positive for the risk&#x0D; of NES. Also, the height and&#x0D; weight of the participants were recorded. Results: The average age of participants was 40.5±15.4 years. Of these, 45.4% (n=183)&#x0D; were male and 54.6% (n=220) were female. A total&#x0D; of 11.7% (n= 47) of the sample screened positive for NES with a total NEQ score&#x0D; of ≥25. No statistically significant association was found between a&#x0D; positive NES screening result and some of the sociodemographic parameters&#x0D; (gender, marital status, working status, place of residency)&#x0D; (p&amp;gt;0.05). Significant positive associations emerged between a positive NES&#x0D; screening and body mass index, age and smoking status (p&amp;lt;0.05). NES&#x0D; was significantly more common in the participants who were living alone and&#x0D; those with lower education (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: In this study, the&#x0D; frequency of NES was found higher than in the other community based studies.&#x0D; NES which can be observed in the general population and especially in obese&#x0D; patients is overlooked even in family medicine and even in obesity polyclinics.&#x0D; The diagnosis of individuals with NES will contribute to prevention of obesity.&#x0D; In this context, it would be beneficial to disseminate screening for NES in primary&#x0D; care.&amp;nbsp;&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Amaç: Bu çalışmada, bir&#x0D; aile sağlığı merkezine başvuran erişkin bireylerde gece yeme sendromu (GYS)&#x0D; riski sıklığının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Bu araştırma Gümüşhane iline bağlı Kürtün 01 No’lu Aile&#x0D; Sağlığı Merkezi’nde Şubat 2018 ile Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasında kesitsel&#x0D; olarak yapıldı. Çalışmada aile sağlığı merkezine herhangi bir sebeple başvuran&#x0D; 18 yaş ve üstü 403 gönüllü bireye sosyodemografik bilgi anketi ve gece yeme&#x0D; anketi (GYA) uygulandı. GYA’dan 25 puan ve üzeri alanlar Gece Yeme Sendromu&#x0D; (GYS) riski açısından pozitif kabul edildi. Ayrıca kişilerin boy ve vücut&#x0D; ağırlıkları ölçülerek beden kitle indeksleri hesaplanıp kaydedildi. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması&#x0D; 40,5±15,4 yıldı. Katılımcıların %45.4’ü (n=183) erkek, %54.6’sı (n=220)&#x0D; kadındı.%11,7’si (n=47) GYA’dan ≥25 puan aldı. GYS taraması sonucunda pozitif&#x0D; ve negatif gruplar arasında bazı sosyodemografik değişkenler (cinsiyet, medeni&#x0D; durum, yaşadığı yer, çalışma durumu) açısından anlamlı bir ilişki tespit&#x0D; edilmedi (p&amp;gt;0,05). Yaş, beden kitle indeksi ve sigara kullanımıyla GYS riski&#x0D; arasında pozitif bir ilişki vardı ve fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı&#x0D; (p&amp;lt;0,05). GYS, yalnız yaşayanlarda ve eğitim durumu düşük olanlarda anlamlı&#x0D; derecede daha sık görüldü (p&amp;lt;0,05).&#x0D; Sonuç: Bu çalışmamızda GYS sıklığı diğer toplum temelli araştırmalara&#x0D; kıyasla daha yüksek tespit edildi. Toplum genelinde özellikle de obezlerde&#x0D; görülebilen GYS, aile hekimliği ve hatta obezite polikliniklerinde bile gözden&#x0D; kaçmaktadır. GYS’li bireylerin tespit edilmesi obezite ile mücadeleye de katkı&#x0D; sağlayacaktır. Bu bağlamda birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri kapsamında GYS&#x0D; taramasının yaygınlaştırılması faydalı olabilir.

Yetişkin Obez Kadınlarda Gece Yeme Sendromu ve Ağırlık Denetimi Arasındaki İlişkinin Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Çalışma, yetişkin obez kadınlarda gece yeme sendromu (GYS) ve vücut ağırlık denetimi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma, Eylül 2015 - Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında Beykoz Toplum Sağlığı Merkezi Diyet Polikliniği’ne zayıflama amacıyla başvuran 100 obez kadını kapsamaktadır. Başvuran bireyler arasından Gece Yeme Anketi’ne göre toplam skoru 25 ve üzeri olan bireyler Gece Yeme Sendromu olan (çalışma grubu=50) ve toplam skoru 25’in altı olan bireyler ise GYS olmayan (kontrol grubu=50) şeklinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Kadınların demografik özellikleri ve beslenme alışkanlıkları bir anket formu ile belirlenmiş, antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış, GYS tanısı için Gece Yeme Anketi (GYA) kullanılmış, bireye özgü zayıflama diyetleri düzenlenmiş ve 12 hafta süreyle izlenmiştir. İzlemde, antropometrik ölçümler tekrarlanmış ve uygulanan diyetlere ilişkin değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 40.64±8.7 yıl olan kadınların ortalama GYA skoru, çalışma grubunda 32.9±5.5, kontrol grubunda 13.5±4.9 olarak belirlenmiştir (p&lt;0.05). Gece yeme sendromu olan kadınların gece yemek yeme ile ilgili sorunlarının ortalama 6.3± 6.0 yıldır sürmekte olduğu saptanmıştır. Gece yeme sendromu olan kadınlarda beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) sınıflamasına göre çalışmanın başında ciddi morbid obez olma oranları, olmayanlara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p&lt;0.05). Çalışmanın sonunda, çalışma ve kontrol grubunun BKİ ve bel çevresi ölçümlerinde sırasıyla 2.02±1.5 kg/m2 ile 5.76±4.9 cm ve 2.50±4.5 kg/m2 ile 6.32±4.3 cm azalma gözlenmiş ancak gruplar arasındaki fark anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p&gt;0.05). Sonuç: Gece yeme sendromu olan kadınlarda zayıflama diyeti sonrası vücut ağırlık kaybının, GYS olmayan kadınlara göre daha düşük olduğu, GYS’nin kadınlarda vücut ağırlık denetimi sürecini olumsuz etkilediği saptanmıştır. Vücut ağırlık denetimi ve GYS arasındaki ilişkinin daha kapsamlı çalışma ve yöntemlerle incelenmesi gerektiği düşünülmüştür.

The relationship between Night Eating Syndrome, depression and chronotype in a non-clinical adolescent population.

The aim of the current study was to assess the prevalence of Night Eating Syndrome (NES) in a population of non-clinical adolescents and to investigate the relationship between NES, depression and eveningness dimension. The data were collected from a sample of 301 subjects, 181 females and 120 males, aged between 15 and 19 (mean value 17.64, SD=1.3). All subjects were invited to answer demographic questions and to take a self-report battery composed by three questionnaires: the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The distribution of chronotypes in the sample was: morning type 9%, intermediate 68.4% and evening type 22.6%. 4% of the participants (12 subjects) reached the criteria for NES. The data indicate that MEQ and NEQ scores are significantly inversely correlated (r=-0.157; p<0.01); 58.3% of the participants who reached the criteria for NES received low scores on the MEQ. The BDI scores resulted significantly associated with the NEQ variable (r=0.275; p=0.001). This is the first study, as far as we are aware, which has investigated the relationship between chronotype, depression and NES in an adolescent non-clinical population. The findings of our study highlight the high prevalence of NES in the adolescent population and indicate a significant association between eveningness dimension, Depression and NES.