Night Interruption Treatments Research Articles

Effect of night-break on growth and flower production in Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana is a popular potted flowering plant with extended flowering periods and low demand for nutrients and water. Understanding photoperiodic response is a prerequisite for the management of the flowering period in photoperiodic crops like Kalanchoe. The night-break treatments were provided by an artificial light source (CFL bulbs) starting from 7th October 2019 for 20 (7th October - 26th October), 30 (7th October - 5th November) and 40 (7th October - 15th November) days as night interruption (NI) for 30 min. and 60 min. from 11:30 PM to 00:00 AM and 11:30 PM to 00:30 AM. Exposing the plants to a 60 min. night interruption for 20 days has proven to be crucial in achieving essential qualitative criteria for potted plants, specifically ensuring compact plant growth with minimal plant height (26.20 cm) and a controlled plant spread (19.17 cm). The maximum number of days to flower bud appearance (138.07 days), days to colour break stage (203.79 days) and days to 50% opening of flowers (232.23 days) was under 60 min. of night interruption for 40 days. Therefore, delayed flower production in Kalanchoe for up to 45 days can be achieved by 60 min. of night interruption for 40 days along with acceptable quality pot plants. A significant amount of anthocyanins and total phenols reported with photoperiodic treatment confirms that photoperiod influenced the biosynthesis of anthocyanin and phenoliccompounds in Kalanchoe.

Spectrum of low-intensity screw-in horticultural light-emitting diode lamps influences time to flower and finished quality of long-day ornamental species

Bedding plants with a long-day (LD) flowering requirement constitute a substantial portion of annuals and perennials produced in the United States for spring sales. However, greenhouse production often occurs when the day length is naturally short and not conducive for flower induction of LD plants (LDPs). Thus, growers must create artificial LDs through day-extension, cyclic, or night-interruption (NI) lighting to promote flowering of LDPs. Many low-intensity, screw-in horticultural light-emitting diode (LED) lamps are now commercially available, though their emission spectra vary. Therefore, the objective of our study was to quantify the influence of various commercially available low-intensity screw-in horticultural LED lamps on the flowering and growth responses of LDPs. We grew several obligate and facultative LD annuals under either a 9-h truncated short-day (SD), or a 9-h SD with NI lighting from 2200 to 0200 hr each day. NI treatments consisted of Feit 9-W Non-Dimmable Plant Grow Lights (Feit), General Electric (GE) 10-W Arize™ Greenhouse Pro-Photoperiodic LED Lamps (GE), Philips 13-W GreenPower LED flowering lamp 2.0 s (Philips), or TotalGrow ™ 16-W Pure Flowering 200 Lamps (TotalGrow). Philips and GE lamps hastened flowering of all LDPs studied, while TotalGrow lamps promoted or hastened flowering on a genus-specific basis. Flowering was delayed by up to 11 d under Feit lamps and plants developed more nodes and inflorescences at open flower than the other lighting treatments. Generally, the height of plants within genera were similar regardless of the lighting treatment. However, plants grown under TotalGrow lamps had a larger stem length than those grown under the other lighting treatments as they emitted the highest percentage of FR light. Therefore, greenhouse growers should not base their decision solely on the price of lamps.

Shift in the Light Quality of Night Interruption Affects Flowering and Morphogenesis of Petunia hybrida.

Petunia hybrida Hort. "Easy Wave Pink", a qualitative long-day plant (LDP), was investigated to study the effects of the night interruption light (NIL) provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) quality shifting on the morphogenesis, blooming, and transcription of photoreceptor genes. Plants were grown in a closed-type plant factory employing white (W) LEDs at an intensity of 180 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD provided for short day (SD, 10 h light, 14 h dark), long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), or SD with 4 h night interruption (NI) with LEDs at an intensity of 10 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPFD. The NIL quality was shifted from one light spectrum to another after the first 2 h of NI. Light treatments consisting of all possible pairings of W, far-red (Fr), red (R), and blue (B) light were tested. The SD and LD were referenced as the control, while 12 NI treatments involved altering LED NIL qualities, as follows: from R to B (NI-RB), from B to R (NI-BR), from Fr to R (NI-FrR), from R to Fr (NI-RFr), from Fr to B (NI-FrB), from B to Fr (NI-BFr), from B to W (NI-BW), from W to B (NI-WB), from W to Fr (NI-WFr), from Fr to W (NI-FrW), from W to R (NI-WR), and from R to W (NI-RW). The NI-RFr resulted in the longest shoots, while the NI-WR and NI-RW resulted in the shortest shoots. NI-WR, NI-RW, NI-BW, NI-WB, NI-RFr, NI-RB, NI-BR, and LD all exhibited flowering. High-level expressions of photoreceptor genes were confirmed in the NI-RFr, NI-FrR, NI-BFr, NI-RW, and NI-WR treatments. Morphogenesis and blooming were both impacted by the photoperiod. The first NIL had no effects on the flowering or the morphogenesis, but the second NIL had a profound impact on both.

Photoreceptors Modulate the Flowering and Morphogenesis Responses of Pelargonium × hortorum to Night-Interruption Light Quality Shifting

This study examines how the day neutral plant (DNP) Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ is impacted by LED night-interruption light (NIL) quality shifting in terms of flowering, morphogenesis, and transcription of photoreceptor genes. A closed-type plant factory with white (W) LEDs providing 180 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD light for long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 10 h light, 14 h dark), or SD with 4 h night interruption (NI) with 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD LEDs was used to grow the plants. Two NIL qualities were employed, where after the first two hours, the NIL quality was switched from one to another among white (W), far-red (Fr), red (R), and blue (B). A total of 12 SD treatments with NIL quality shifting were used, with the LD and SD serving as the control: NI-BR (from B to R), NI-RB (from R to B), NI-RFr (from R to Fr), NI-FrR (from Fr to R), NI-BFr (from B to Fr), NI-FrB (from Fr to B), NI-WB (from W to B), NI-BW (from B to W), NI-FrW (from Fr to W), NI-WFr (from W to Fr), NI-RW (from R to W), and NI-WR (from W to R). LD refers to a 16 h long-day treatment. Geranium plants were taller in NI treatments that included Fr light than those in other NI treatments and were the shortest in the NI-WB treatment. Flowering was seen in all treatments and was notably encouraged by NI with Fr light, regardless of the sequence of light quality applied. In NI-FrR and NI-RFr, high expressions of phyA, phyB, and cry1 were observed. Flower formation and plant morphogenesis were both impacted by the photoperiod. Both morphogenesis and flowering were strongly impacted by the second NIL, but the first NIL had no effects on either. These findings indicate that NI-RFr and NI-FrR improve flowering, which may be used for commercial DNP production.

Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes

Abstract. Kendarini N, Aisyah SI, Maharijaya A, Sobir. 2022. Photoperiod effect on vegetative growth and bulbing initiation of four garlic genotypes. Biodiversitas 23: 4716-4723. The main factors influencing garlic growth and development were genetics, photoperiod, and temperature. Low temperature and short photoperiod were required for initial growth, followed by a long photoperiod and high temperature for bulbing and bolting. The study was conducted to evaluate the response of garlic genotypes to photoperiod on the vegetative growth and bulbing initiation, and physiological traits (C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content). Four garlic genotypes used in this experiment consisted of two Chinese garlic genotypes (hardneck and softneck) and two local garlic cultivars (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru). The garlic plants were subjected to the treatment of short photoperiod (control) and long photoperiod (night break and extension methods). The results showed that the Chinese hardneck and softneck had plant vegetative growth with a higher vigor than Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru in all photoperiod treatments. Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru had bulbing index below 0.3 in all photoperiods. The Chinese hardneck and softneck genotypes had bulbing index greater than 0.5 in all photoperiod treatments, except the hardneck in the night break treatment. The bulbing initiation in Chinese garlic genotypes was delayed in long photoperiod treatments. High temperature during the experiment affected bulbing initiation in long photoperiod treatment. The garlic genotypes had different responses to photoperiod treatments in C/N ratio, GA, and total chlorophyll content. The vegetative growth increased under extension treatment, and night break accelerated bulb formation. Long photoperiod increased C content and C/N ratio in the leaves while it decreased N content and photosynthetic pigment content. The late maturity time (Chinese hardneck and Chinese softneck) depended on long photoperiods for the bulbing formation. In contrast, local garlic cultivars with the early and mid-season types (Sangga Sembalun and Tawangmangu Baru) were insensitive to photoperiod.

A high daily light integral can influence photoperiodic flowering responses in long day herbaceous ornamentals

Commercial producers of herbaceous ornamentals have reported that long-day plants sometimes flower under short-day conditions when the photosynthetic daily light integral (DLI) is high, but little research-based information is available to support the phenomenon. We grew seedlings of tickseed (Coreopsis grandiflora), echinacea (Echinacea × hybrida), lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), lobelia (Lobelia × speciosa), and salvia (Salvia longispicata × farinacea) in a controlled-environment greenhouse. They were then transplanted and grown under photoperiods of 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15 h under an average DLI of 5.3 or 13.4 mol·m−2·d−1 and at an air temperature setpoint of 20 °C. Based on flowering percentage, the DLI influenced the photoperiodic responses in four species. Flowering percentages of tickseed, echinacea, lavender, and lobelia were lower under the low DLI compared with the high DLI under photoperiods <11, <12, <12, or <13 h, respectively. Time to flower for all species generally decreased as photoperiod increased. In addition, most species had more inflorescences and were more compact under the higher DLI. Under the high DLI, all echinacea and lobelia plants flowered under all photoperiods tested. Salvia flowered in all treatments, and formed fewer leaves before flowering under photoperiods ≥14 h compared to other photoperiods. However, under the higher DLI, salvia plants took slightly longer to flower under 15 h than 14 h. To clarify its photoperiodic response, we performed an additional experiment with salvia the following year. At germination, seedlings were placed under photoperiods of 14, 15, or 16 h, or a 9 h day with a 4-h night interruption and received an average DLI of 9.2 mol·m−2·d−1. Flowering was delayed under the 16 h and night-interruption treatments compared to under 14 and 15 h. We conclude that photoperiod and DLI interact to influence flowering of at least some long-day plants and that salvia has an intermediate photoperiodic flowering response.

Effect of red light night break treatment on growth of four Brassica species in seedling production

Effect of red light night break treatment on growth of four <i>Brassica</i> species in seedling production

Effects of Light Sources and Drying Methods on Plant Growth and Steviol Glycoside Content of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) has received great attention with the rise in demand for low-sugar food and beverage additives, and natural alternative to cane sugar and artificial sweeteners. The leaves produce intensively sweet steviol glycosides (mainly stevioside and rebaudioside A). Stevia has been reported as a short-day plant with a critical daylength of 13 h. Daylength less than 13 h causes stevia to flower early, resulting in a low leaf biomass yield and percentage of sweetener content. The effects of night interruption treatment using six light sources for 60 min daily with the aim to lengthen vegetative phase, increase plant biomass and steviol glycoside content of stevia were investigated. Night interruption was shown to extend vegetative phase from 20 days (control) to 120 days; thus, allowing accumulation of plant biomass and steviol glycosides content. Leaf biomass and steviol glycosides of all light sources treated plants increased significantly as compared to control plants especially in week 6 and 8 after treatment initiated. Fluorescent and light-emitting diode (LED) were energy-efficient and effective as light source for night interruption. Fluorescent warm white showed the highest increase in total steviol glycosides content per plant by 190-270% most probably because it contained the highest red light at 614 nm as compared to other light sources. Stevioside content was not significantly affected by drying methods but rebaudioside A content was significantly reduced by 3.38% under oven drying at 70oC. The reduction indicated that thermal degradation of rebaudioside A has occurred at higher temperature.

Effects of seasonal light variation and artificial light treatments on growth and flavonoid production of Artemisia princeps cultivated in greenhouses

Artemisia princeps (Ganghwa wormwood) is a medicinal plant that produces two major flavonoids, eupatilin and jaceosidin, which are used in the treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcers. A. princeps is primarily field cultivated, which has some drawbacks, including only one cultivation period per year and variations in flavonoid production due to environmental changes. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of seasonal light variation and artificial light treatments on the growth and flavonoid production of A. princeps grown in greenhouses for year-round production. The plants were cultivated and harvested nine times in one year under natural seasonal light conditions in greenhouses. During the winter growth period (when natural light is substantially lower), four artificial light treatments were applied during two cultivation periods, from September 2016 to January 2017: supplemental light, night interruption, low light, and low light with night interruption. The plants grown under the natural light condition in greenhouses were used as a control. After harvest, the growth of the plants was measured, and the contents of eupatilin and jaceosidin were determined. The plants had the highest biomass when the accumulated radiation and duration were highest. The growth and flavonoid production were significantly associated with accumulated radiation and light duration. The supplemental light and night interruption treatments resulted in significantly higher biomass and flavonoid production, with the night interruption treatment requiring less energy input than the supplemental light treatment. Therefore, for consistent biomass and flavonoid production of A. princeps, a night interruption treatment is suggested in greenhouse cultivation during low irradiation and short days (less than 13 h).

Effects of different sources of light as night break on growth characteristics of Korean chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes

Longer photoperiods in the form of night break (NB) were applied in chrysanthemum to inhibit the flower bud differentiation for regulating the production and supply in the market. The present study reports the effect of three sources of light (Incandescent bulbs, compact fluorescent lights (CFL) and light emitting diodes-LED) as NB treatment on ten genotypes of Korean chrysanthemum for two years i.e. 2015 and 2016. The NB treatment with LED lights resulted in increased internodal length (8.20 and 9.00 mm), partitioning coefficient (30.50 and 31.50), number of stomata per unit area (56.08 and 56.87), anthocyanins (8.99 and 9.16 mg/g) and carotenoids (28.11 and 28.39 mg/g). However, leaf thickness, petiole length, leaf area index, and leaf weight ratio were affected non-significantly. But petiole girth was recorded maximum (1.22 and 1.49 mm) under incandescent bulbs which was at par with LED and significantly higher than CFL.

Growth regulation and off-season flowering through night breaks in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Anmol

The photoperiodic night interruption to schedule efficient flowering time in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Anmol according to demand of its flowers in the market was monitored. The influence of six night interruption treatments i.e. control, &lt;5 second flash, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min were studied on the morphological development of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Anmol. The results revealed that the plant height, number of branches, leaves and root suckers per plant were positively affected with increased duration of night interruption. The flowering time was significantly delayed from mid December to end of February (two months) and number of flowers per plant increased as the duration of night interruption was increased from control to 120 min. Therefore, the night interruption durations studies were helpful to schedule the sustainable flowering time in Chrysanthemum cultivar Anmol by around two months with better plant growth.

Flowering and Morphogenesis of Kalanchoe in Response to Quality and Intensity of Night Interruption Light.

The effects of the quality and intensity of night interruption light (NIL) on the flowering and morphogenesis of kalanchoe (Kalanchoe blossfeldiana) ‘Lipstick’ and ‘Spain’ were investigated. Plants were raised in a closed-type plant factory under 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD white light emitting diodes (LEDs) with additional light treatments. These treatments were designated long day (LD, 16 h light, 8 h dark), short day (SD, 8 h light, 16 h dark), and SD with a 4 h night interruption (NI). The NIL was constructed from 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 or 20 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD blue (NI-B), red (NI-R), white (NI-W), or blue and white (NI-BW) LEDs. In ‘Spain’, the SPAD value, area and thickness of leaves and plant height increased in the NI treatment as compared to the SD treatment. In ‘Lipstick’, most morphogenetic characteristics in the NI treatment showed no significant difference to those in the SD treatment. For both cultivars, plants in SD were significantly shorter than those in other treatments. The flowering of Kalanchoe ‘Lipstick’ was not affected by the NIL quality, while Kalanchoe ‘Spain’ flowered when grown in SD and 10 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD NI-B. These results suggest that the NIL quality and intensity affect the morphogenesis and flowering of kalanchoe, and that different cultivars are affected differently. There is a need to further assess the effects of the NIL quality and intensity on the morphogenesis and flowering of short-day plants for practical NIL applications.

Efficiency of night interruption treatments with red and far-red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in preventing bud set in Norway spruce seedlings

Terminal bud set can be prevented by interrupting night with short pulses of light when the natural photoperiod is too short to maintain growth. Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) seedlings originating from 61°N and 64°N were grown in growth chambers under conditions that mimic growth conditions in a heated greenhouse in early spring in Finland (experiment 1) or under constant growth conditions (experiment 2). The seedlings were exposed to the following night interruption (NI) treatments using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that generated red (R, peak at 660 nm) and far-red (FR, peak at 735 nm) wavelengths in 20 s pulses at 15 min intervals: (i) red light alone (R); (ii) R combined with FR (R + FR); and (iii) control (no NI treatment). The R + FR treatment was more effective in preventing terminal bud set than the R treatment. Seedling responses depended on the provenance and growth conditions. The R treatment reduced the proportion of seedlings with terminal buds in the 61°N seedlings and delayed bud set in the 64°N seedlings. The fluctuating growth conditions or longer dark period between the photoperiod and NI treatments reduced the efficiency of the R + FR treatment. A combination of R and FR LEDs with adequate light intensity and duration is suitable for intermittent NI treatment in Norway spruce seedlings.

Light quality during night interruption affects morphogenesis and flowering in geranium

We investigated the effects of light quality during night interruption (NI) on morphogenesis, flowering, and the transcription of photoreceptor genes in the geranium Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Ringo 2000 Violet’ (day neutral plant, DNP). Plants were grown in an environment-controlled chamber under a constant light intensity of 180 μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF. The light was supplied by white (W) light emitting diodes (LEDs) to create long day (LD, 16 h light/8 h dark), short day (SD, 10 h light/14 h dark), or SD with a 4 h night interruption (NI) conditions. The NI was provided by green (NI-G), blue (NI-B), red (NI-R), far-red (NI-Fr), or white (NI-W) LEDs at a significantly reduced intensity of 10 μmol·m-2 ·s-1 PPF (only 5.5% of the intensity of the main light source). Plant height was greatest under NI-Fr. The percent flowering was not affected by light quality during NI, and all plants flowered under all treatments. Among NI treatments, days to visible flower buds (DVB) increased under NI-Fr. All photoreceptor genes except phyB and FTL were highly expressed under normal LD conditions. Under the NI treatment with different qualities of light, these photoreceptor genes were expressed at even higher levels, except under NI-B, as compared to SD. These results suggest that morphogenesis, flowering, and the expression of transcription factor genes are affected by light quality during NI. Light quality during NI in the DNP geranium has more pronounced effects on morphogenesis than on flowering.

Effect of duration of night interruption on growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum cv. Kikiobiory

The study was conducted to determine the effect of duration of night interruption using incandescent bulbs on sustained quality flower production of potted standard Chrysanthemum cv. Kikiobiory. The different night interruption (NI) treatments i.e. control, &lt;5 sec. flash, 30-, 60-, 90- and 120- min. significantly (p&lt;0.05) affected allthe vegetative and floral parameters. The plant height, number of leaves and root suckers per plant increased with the increase duration of NI treatments with maximum at 120- min. NI (90.42 cm, 34.75 and 12.10, respectively). The days taken to flower bud appearance, colour break stage and full bloom were delayed, whereas flower quality with respect to duration of flowering and flower diameter were deteriorated with increase in duration of NI treatments. The days taken to flower bud appearance, colour break stage and full bloom were highest at 120- min. NI (136.84, 183.22 and 202.25 days, respectively) which delayed the flowering by 63.94 days, where full bloom flower appeared in March. There was reduction in duration of flowering and flower diameter with increased NI duration with lowest at 120 min. NI (7.83 days and 15.69 cm). It was observed that increase (120 min.) in night interruption increased the vegetative growth and delayed the flowering; however, flower quality was deteriorated. Thus, it was concluded that 60 min. NI improved flower quality with sustained flower production in potted Chrysanthemum cv. Kikiobiory.

Initial studies on increasing garlic bulb size through night-break treatment in the Philippines

Initial studies on increasing garlic bulb size through night-break treatment in the Philippines

Effects of Red Light Night Break Treatment on Growth and Flowering of Tomato Plants.

Compact and healthy young plants increase crop production and improve vegetable quality. Adverse climatic conditions and shading can cause young plants to become elongated and spindly. We investigated the effects of night break (NB) treatments on tomato plants using red light (RL) with an intensity of 20 μmol·m2·s−1. Tomato plants were subjected to NB treatments with different frequencies ranging from every 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, and plant growth, flowering, and yield were monitored. The results showed that with the increase of RL NB frequency, plant height decreased, stem diameter increased, and flower initiation delayed, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3) in the leaf and stem declined. When the RL NB frequency was every 1 h, the heights of tomato plant decreased by 32.73% compared with the control, the diameter of tomato plants increased by 27.09% compared with the control, the number of leaves produced before flowering increased to 11, compared with 8 in the control, the contents of IAA and GA3 in the leaf decreased by 33.3 and 41.29% respectively compared with the control, the contents of IAA and GA3 in the stem decreased by 56.04 and 57.14% respectively compared with the control. After RL NB treatments, tomato plants were transplanted into a solar greenhouse to evaluate tomato yield. When tomato plants pre-treated with RL NB, per tomato fresh weight of the first spica increased with the increase of RL NB frequencies. These results indicate that more compact and healthier tomato plants could be gotten by RL NB treatments and improve tomato early yield.

Responses of Norway spruce seedlings to different night interruption treatments in autumn

Photoperiodic lighting can be used in late summer to prevent height growth cessation and terminal bud formation in nurseries growing forest tree species in Nordic countries. To create guidelines for using the method in container nurseries growing Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and to test the use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology, we exposed first-year, nursery grown seedlings to the following night interruption (NI) treatments from 10 July 2014 onwards (00:00–03:00): (i) no lighting, (ii) 1 min lighting at intervals of 30 min, (iii) 1 min lighting at intervals of 15 min, and (iv) 3 h continuous lighting. Light intensities (LI) of 10, 25, and 70 μmol photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) m−2·s−1 were used. Growth, formation of terminal buds, and winter damage of the seedlings were measured. All NI treatments prevented growth cessation at LI of 25 and 70 μmol PAR·m−2·s−1, but the intermittent treatments were less effective at a LI of 10 μmol PAR·m−2·s−1. The treatments of duration longer than 1 min at intervals of 30 min did not provide any additional increase in shoot growth but predisposed the seedlings to frost injury during autumn and winter. Both seed origins used in this experiment responded similarly to the NI treatments.

Night-break lighting treatment improves the growth quality of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) in Taiwan

Night-break lighting treatment improves the growth quality of lisianthus (<i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>) in Taiwan

Night interruption improves subsequent cut flower quality in Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’

The influence of night interruption (NI) on cut flower quality was examined during subsequent Cymbidium flowering. Forty-two-month old Cymbidium ‘Red Fire’ plants were subjected to first-flower cutting and were regrown for subsequent flowering in the following year. The plants were exposed to 9 hour natural light (control) or 9 hour natural light plus NI from 22:00–02:00 HR with low light intensity (LNI) at 3–7 µmol·m−2·s−1 or high light intensity (HNI) at 120 µmol·m−2·s−1. NI treatments accelerated subsequent flowering and increased the number of inflorescences, the number of flowers per inflorescence, and the inflorescence length compared with those of control plants. The red coloration of petals increased under both LNI and HNI conditions compared with that of control plants, which was represented by increases in a* and total anthocyanin content. These results indicate that NI lighting enhances the cut flower quality and accelerates the subsequent flowering time of Cymbidium for cut flower production. NI could be an effective method for maintaining long-term productivity of high-quality Cymbidium flowers.