Nigerian Industry Research Articles

Nigeria's Relations with the European Union: An Analysis of the Economic Partnership Agreement

The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) between Nigeria and the European Union (EU) aims to enhance economic cooperation and trade liberalization. However, it has sparked significant debate due to its potential implications for Nigeria's economic development and sovereignty. This paper critically analyzes the EPA, focusing on the key issues, challenges, and implications for Nigeria. The core concern is whether the EPA's benefits, such as increased market access and development aid, outweigh the drawbacks, including potential revenue loss, unfair competition, and stringent EU standards that could disadvantage Nigerian industries. The analysis employs a qualitative approach, reviewing existing literature, policy documents, and expert opinions to assess the economic, social, and political impacts of the EPA on Nigeria. This includes a comparative analysis of similar agreements between the EU and other African countries to draw relevant parallels and insights. The findings reveal that while the EPA offers opportunities for market access and development aid, it also poses significant risks to Nigeria's economic stability and sovereignty. The paper concludes that Nigeria must carefully weigh these factors, considering its economic priorities and readiness to meet the agreement's requirements. Future relations between the EU and Nigeria will depend on managing these challenges and opportunities, ensuring the partnership promotes mutual growth without compromising Nigeria's autonomy.

Paddy Rice (<i>Oryza sativum</i>) Production and Processing in Nigeria: A Review

Rice stands as a crucial staple in Nigeria, where its substantial population renders the country and the region as the largest rice consumers. The demand for rice has surged in recent times, transforming it into both a vital food supply chain and cash commodity crop for the developing world. Virtually ubiquitous applied in daily food menu’ of Nigerian diet, the high demand for milled rice in Nigeria is significantly increasing with the increasing population which was estimated at 5.2 million tonnes with an average national production of 3.3 million metric tonnes. These results showed a supply and demand gap average of 1.9 million metric tonnes which necessitating rice imports. While rice processing capacity in Nigeria reaches 2.8 million metric tonnes for paddy rice annually, which covers half of the annual requirement, survey indicates that quality of domestically processed rice is inferior to imported varieties, marked by broken rice, foreign matters, stones, dirt and debris. This led to diminished quality interest in local rice preferring the imported with international quality. An uncompetitive standing of domestic rice both local and global markets present a significant challenge to rice production in Nigerian industries. Consequently, this review aims to assess paddy rice production, processing, consumption, as well as postharvest handling and storage methods in Nigeria. The full mechanization of riceprocessing operations is advocated to reduce paddy rice handling time and minimize deterioration, a key factor contributing to subpar milled-rice quality. It is imperative for both the private and public sectors to intensify efforts toward local rice production to meet citizens' demands. Urgent investments into the production machinery, methods of processing, infrastructure and the policies set by the Nigerian Government and its agencies in rice processing chain are necessary to enhance the quality of processing paddy rice, which will ultimately elevate the quality of domestic rice products.

Innovative Financing Models and Sustainable Development in the Nigerian Industries; A Conceptual and Theoretical Review

This research paper explores the nexus between innovative financing models and sustainable development within the context of Nigerian industries. Nigeria, as a rapidly developing nation, faces multifaceted challenges concerning economic growth, social well-being, and environmental sustainability. Innovative financing models have gained prominence as a means to address these challenges, offering the potential to drive inclusive and sustainable development. The literature review delves into the dimensions of sustainable development, traditional financial models, and their limitations, as well as innovative financial models such as green bonds, impact investment, microfinance, and public-private partnerships. The study concludes with policy implications, offering recommendations for policymakers, regulatory reforms, capacity building strategies, and the importance of fostering collaboration among stakeholders to drive the adoption and effectiveness of innovative financial models for sustainable development in Nigerian industries. This research contributes to the discourse on sustainable development in emerging economies and provides valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and academics.

Impact of Nigeria-China relations on development in Nigeria, 2010-2020

Nigeria-China relations had a considerable influence on Nigeria's development, and the Peoples Republic of China emerged as one of Nigeria's primary commercial partners and a major source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in recent decades. To this, the relationship between the two nations has influenced Nigeria's growth in various ways, especially in the area of infrastructure development obtained through loans, investments, skills and technology transfer. China has contributed to the development of Nigeria’s infrastructure, thus, fostering economic growth in addition to influencing regional integration. Furthermore, in the energy and power sectors, Chinese firms have been involved in the construction of power plants, transmission lines, and renewable energy projects in Nigeria aimed at addressing power deficits and improving access to electricity, which is essential for industrial development and improving Nigerians' quality of life. China is one of Nigeria's top commercial partners and a substantial source of foreign direct investment (FDI). Chinese enterprises working in Nigeria have provided technology, skills, and knowledge transfer that has benefited Nigerian industries. Chinese investments in industries like telecommunications, manufacturing and agriculture have eased the transfer of technical skills while also increasing efficiency in production methods. This paper aims to illustrate the importance of bilateral trade relations as a means of change and development especially when the nations involved are in need of each other. The paper adopts qualitative approach to the study of international relations. The paper adopts dependency theory to analyze bilateral trade relation between Nigeria and China. The theory believes that trade should only be done to enhance prosperity and also argued that the principle of comparative advantage ensures everyone would profit from the interaction. The paper reveals and concludes that Nigeria-China relations have made a substantial impact on Nigeria's economic development notwithstanding some notable deficiencies that have arisen in areas of unfair labour practices amongst others

State Ownership and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Investigation on Nigerian Data

Purpose: The paper examines the central issue underpinning the growing international literature and arguments that different ownership types have varying implications for a firm’s CSR engagement. It compliments evolving studies by looking at the effect of state ownership and other types of ownership structures on CSR, specifically in the Nigerian industry. It is argued that the impact of ownership structure on corporate decisions to allocate resources to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has assumed renewed significance in the burgeoning literature of developing economies, given the exigency for corporate executives to allocate firm specific resources to other social objectives that may detract from profit maximization.
 Methodology: This paper differs markedly from the methodologies of previous studies which used composite CSR indices. It deconstructs CSR expenditure into five categories – public goods, socially desirable goods, corporate philanthropy, employee relations and environmental conservation – and estimates the effects of government, foreign and institutional ownership on CSR variables controlling for such factors as firm size, return on assets and capital intensity. Using new data on listed Nigerian firms, this paper carries out its empirical investigation with panel data estimation in order to deal with heterogeneity and endogeneity issues.
 Findings: The findings of this paper indicate that different ownership structures have varying implications for the five forms of CSR investigated in this study. It reveals that government ownership has no significant effect on CSR expenditure on public goods, corporate philanthropy and environmental conservation. However, it finds that government ownership also significantly influences CSR expenditure on socially desirable goods and employee relations.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:Theoretically, this paper extends the trajectory of CSR discourse to include an elaborate investigation of the impact of ownership structures on CSR practices in all the major sectors of Nigerian economy.The paper argues that its empirical results have several policy implications for good corporate governance practices in Nigeria and other emerging economies. This paper suggests the need to institute incentives schemes and regulatory constraints that would compel government, foreign and institutional ownership to align their incentives with some forms of CSR practices.

Revolutionising Organisational Safety and Health Management in the Nigerian Manufacturing Industry via Active Employee Involvement

The concerns with the increasing rate of preventable accidents occurrences in Nigeria's manufacturing sector required a renewed focus on occupational safety and health (OSH). Specifically, despite the number of interventions and the amount of spending on interventions, the effects have remained minimal. Also, despite the efforts of researchers and their suggestions, little or no impact has been noticed as OSH continues to be inadequate. These problems call for a fresh approach and consultation with the individuals who will be utilising these solutions most directly (the workers) to address these issues at their core. This paper is part of a large mixed-method study designed to explore how to improve the efficacy of OSH in Nigeria. However, this present paper reports part of the initial phase as it examines the perception of blue-collar workers in the Nigerian industry to understand how well the existing measures have satisfied their safety needs from the standpoint of available human resource management practices (HRM practices). Hence, this work uses a cross-sectional research design to gather data from both registered and non-registered workplaces located in cities in three Nigerian states, totalling 633 required participants. A mix of simple random and convenience sampling techniques was applied to select the expected samples. SPSS software version 26 was used to analyse the 641 responses. The blue-collar workers constituted the unit of analysis for this phase. The findings indicated that there are diverse opinions among Nigerian manufacturing blue-collar workers regarding the accessibility and applicability of the HR practices under investigation. Based on the findings, recommendations for improving OSH practices in the manufacturing industry is suggested with the hope of maximising employee involvement in strengthening the efficacy of OSH interventions in Nigerian manufacturing workplaces.

Improving the Maintainability and Reliability in Nigerian Industry 4.0: Its Challenges and the Way Forward from the Manufacturing Sector

Improving the Maintainability and Reliability in Nigerian Industry 4.0: Its Challenges and the Way Forward from the Manufacturing Sector

Strengthening TVET in Nigeria to meet the industry 4.0 needs in the changing world of works

The modern workplace had dramatically changed because the nature of work, workforce and work relations had changed; hence, the changes in the needs of industries. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Nigerian industries and the factor inputs that formed the needs of industries with keen aim on the Technical and Vocational Education and Training. Using the Central Bank of Nigeria Data, Vector Autoregression was used to test the relationship among the series of yearly output of all industries and the service sector in Nigeria from 1982 to 2021. The Technical and Professional Service subsector was used as one of the independent variables in the service sector. The Johansen Cointegration Test was used to test for convergence and long-term relations between industries and the service sector. The Wald Test was used to test for the significance of coefficients of Technical Services inputs on the Industrial Output. The VAR shows that more than 95% variation in the Industrial Output are explainable by variations in the factor inputs. The pairwise Granger Causality Test was used to test for the short run causality between the industrial output and the factor input. The study found that of Technical and Telecommunication services impacted on the changes in the Industrial Output in in the short run. The study recommended the need for the increase in the funding of TVET institutions, improvement in the quality of TVET training to include soft skills in order to meet the industrial requirements for the changing world of works and increased public – private partnership in order to transfer class training to the field.

Motivating factors that lead to consumption of Nigerian movies

This study sought to explore the motivating factors that lead to the consumption of Nigerian Movies, Nollywood. The researcher collected data by interviewing residents of the Shauri Moyo estate using a self-administered questionnaire and a focused group discussion using the FGD interview schedule. Key informants' interviews were also conducted with program production managers from Citizen TV. The Kenyan audience used uses and gratifications theory to analyse different motivations for watching Nigerian movies. The study revealed that Nigerian movies have audiences of all people of all ages, gender, levels of education and living standards of people. It was established that 40 per cent of the respondents were motivated by the entertainment aspect of Nigerian movies, 25 per cent watch them because they are educative, 20 per cent watch because they project African culture such as attire and the foods, 10 per cent confessed that they watched Nigerian movies because they idolise the Nigerian movie actors and actresses. Lastly, 5 per cent watched Nigerian movies for reasons like the accent. In conclusion, this study indicated that Television channels in Kenya air Nigerian movies to entertain their audiences educate them and, at the same time, transmit African culture. This study recommends that, by all means, the Nigerian industry is not perfect. However, it is part of development, so in future, the audience themselves should have some kind of consumer association to be in a position to demand better quality and standard movies.

Motivating factors that lead to consumption of Nigerian movies

This study sought to explore the motivating factors that lead to the consumption of Nigerian Movies, Nollywood. The researcher collected data by interviewing residents of the Shauri Moyo estate using a self-administered questionnaire and a focused group discussion using the FGD interview schedule. Key informants' interviews were also conducted with program production managers from Citizen TV. The Kenyan audience used uses and gratifications theory to analyse different motivations for watching Nigerian movies. The study revealed that Nigerian movies have audiences of all people of all ages, gender, levels of education and living standards of people. It was established that 40 per cent of the respondents were motivated by the entertainment aspect of Nigerian movies, 25 per cent watch them because they are educative, 20 per cent watch because they project African culture such as attire and the foods, 10 per cent confessed that they watched Nigerian movies because they idolise the Nigerian movie actors and actresses. Lastly, 5 per cent watched Nigerian movies for reasons like the accent. In conclusion, this study indicated that Television channels in Kenya air Nigerian movies to entertain their audiences educate them and, at the same time, transmit African culture. This study recommends that, by all means, the Nigerian industry is not perfect. However, it is part of development, so in future, the audience themselves should have some kind of consumer association to be in a position to demand better quality and standard movies.

The Preparation and Physicochemical Analysis of Local Black Soap from Coconut Oil and Plantain Peel Biochar

Local black soap, produced from coconut oil and plantain peel biochar (alkaline source) was presented in this study since the agricultural raw materials gain significance in environmentally benign feedstocks for saponification reactions. The physicochemical analysis of the coconut oil and plantain peel biochar shows remarkable free fatty acid (FFA) and alkalinity contents respectively suitable for soap making. The physicochemical properties of the as-prepared local black soap demonstrated a good moisture content (15.1 %) showing that it can be stored for long periods without any water-associated deteriorations. The percentage of matter insoluble in water (4.4 %), matter insoluble in alcohol (12.3 %), FFA content (2.1 %), and pH (9) were found to be higher than the acceptable limit according to the Nigerian Industry Standards (NIS). Also, the total fatty matter (TFM) was higher (67.6 %) than the minimum acceptable level with a good foam height of 2.5 cm. The overall results show good soap properties and are suitable for domestic purposes.

The Impact of Knowledge Management Processes on Innovation Implementation: Nigerian Manufacturing

The Nigerian manufacturing industry significantly influences national economic diversification and growth. However, it faces several challenges, including insufficient infrastructure, talent shortages, and foreign direct investment. The study investigates how KM processes impact innovation in the Nigerian industry. We surveyed 424 manufacturers and found that better KM processes (acquisition, creation, application, and sharing) lead to improved innovation implementation. The results demonstrated that KM processes considerably impacted innovation implementation in the Nigerian manufacturing sector. Knowledge acquisition, creation, application, sharing, and storage all have a favourable effect on innovation implementation ability. The findings emphasise the significance of adequate information flow, investment in research and development, and technological capabilities for promoting innovation. This study shows the link between KM practices and innovation outcomes in the Nigerian industry. This study has implications for improving competitiveness and sustainability. A work environment that prioritizes continuous learning, collaboration, and technology for knowledge management would be beneficial.

The Effects of the Innovative Decisions on Firms’ Innovative Performance of Nigerian Industry

Firms have to keep innovating if they want to maintain competitive advantage; hence, this study investigates the innovation activities in Nigerian firms considering the role Nigeria plays in the African economy. Specifically, the objectives of this study are to (1) to determine the factors that affect firms’ innovative activities and (2) to evaluate the impact of the innovative decision on innovation performance or product of firms. 2014 Enterprise survey data conducted by the World Bank is used, and CDM-model is adopted as the method of analysis. The results showed that improved supporting activities by firms has a significant positive relationship with firms’ innovative performance, and giving employees time to develop new idea has a positive impact on innovation performance. Finally, the study recommends that firms should embark on the job training of staff because it will help them be more efficient by improving the working process.

Improving Management Systems for Oil and Gas Producing Company using Overall Equipment Effectiveness

Consideration of difficulties inherent in maintenance management system in Nigerian oil and gas industries, and to eliminate the tedium associated in the system and improve equipment performance. In this work an attempt was made to assess the equipment maintenance practice in Kwale gas recycling plant of Nigeria Agip Oil Company Limited. Overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) indicator was used to determine the performance of various types of pumps and Turbine power generators installed in the plant, Maintenance records of the pumps and gas Turbine generators provided data for the computation and analysis. The availability, performance and quality rate of the pumps and gas Turbine generators were used to assess the overall effectiveness of the equipment used in the system. Detailed analysis of the failure rate and downtime revealed that a Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) system which is a proactive (predictive) maintenance technique was not adopted in the plant. The highest OEE value of 8.9% obtained confirmed that the current maintenance strategy and policy of the company is very much below standard and unacceptable. Hence this work affirms that the use of PDCA will avert unexpected system failure through early detection of faults, improve safety operation, reliability and durability of equipment. Thereby far less (i) human effort is wasted and (ii) energy expended, both of which led to increase in availability and profitability.

Financial Management and Firms’ Profitability: Evidence from Nigerian Manufacturing Listed Firms

The Nigerian manufacturing industry is one of the country's key economic growth engines. Since firms in the manufacturing sector are considered as high-risk ventures, they encounter significant difficulty in raising funds, especially from financial institutions. The manufacturing sector reported a significant decline in its economic activity and job creation compared to other sectors due to the difficulties faced by firms in attaining an optimal financial management strategy to support their business operations. In the attempt to identify optimal finance for maximizing firms’ profitability, this study aims to examine the relationship between financial management practices and the financial performance of quoted Nigerian manufacturing firms. A sample of 33 quoted Nigerian manufacturing companies from the year 2015 to 2018 were selected. A multivariate regression analysis was performed based on 132 firm-year observations, where it is documented that solvency, proxies by debt to assets ratio, is positively and significantly related to firm’s profitability. Results however revealed an insignificant relationship between liquidity and firm’s profitability. The findings of this study reveal that firms should sustain in being solvent in order to generate business growth and achieve set development goals. Besides being solvent, companies should manage their liquidity position effectively, thus enabling firms to reap competitive advantage. The findings support the trade-off theory, which claims that firm profitability increases as a firm’s debt increases, but only to the point where any further increases in the firms’ debt after it reaches its optimum level causes profitability to decline.

Corporate Social Responsibility under the Petroleum Industry Act 2021: Achieving Environmental Sustainability through Multi-stakeholder Partnership.

Several attempts have been made by the Nigerian government to reform the oil and gas industry. In March 2007, the first attempt to introduce the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Bill was initiated by the late Senator Uche Chwukwumerije but it failed to pass the second reading. Further attempts to reform the industry in 2009, 2012 and 2018 also failed until the National Assembly passed the 2021 Petroleum Industry Bill now known as the Petroleum Industry Act 2021(PIA). Chapter 3 Section 240 (2) of the PIA by making CSR contribution a mandatory levy on corporations, has changed the voluntary and self-regulatory element of CSR to hard law legislation. We are of the view, that a multi-stakeholder approach and multi-stakeholder framework comprising host communities, oil and gas companies as well as government, is essential to achieving the broad requirements of CSR in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. In this paper, we analyse this approach in line with the role and challenges of CSR as provided for under the new Petroleum Industry Act. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Multi-stakeholder Partnership, and Petroleum Industry Act.

Economic growth and crude oil revenue in Nigeria

This paper investigated how oil revenue and the activities in the oil industry affected the size of income accrue to each Nigerian (Per capita income) from 1980 to 2019. The variables were sourced from the World Bank’s World Development Indicators (WDI), OPEC Statistics, Baker Hughes Rig Count and the central bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin. Using the AutoRegressive Distributional Lag (ARDL) we observed that explorative activities of crude oil in Nigeria positively impacted the size of individual income. The magnitude of the impact was massive irrespective of time; a 1% increase in exploration increases the size of individual income by 0.4786% in the long run and 0.6030% in the short run. The interaction of rigs by output (interaction of rig-count and oil-production) negatively impacted the size of individual income. This implies that the size of individual income in Nigeria is sensitive to the nature of the explorative environment of the Nigerian oil industry.

Local Content in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry . Challenges and Impacts

Local Content in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry . Challenges and Impacts

Assessment of HSE Barriers’ Risk Influencing Factors (RIFs) in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry

Assessment of HSE Barriers’ Risk Influencing Factors (RIFs) in the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry

Institutional Quality and Industrial Growth: A Causality Analysis

The research study investigates the causal links between institutional quality and industrial output growth in Nigeria for the periods 1996:Q1-2018:Q4. Institutional quality was delineated into three i.e. economic institution (government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption), financial institution (contract intensive money, lending rate, and financial deepening), and political institution (voice and accountability, and political stability and absence of violence). The study computed the Granger causality test using both the VECM and the Toda and Yamamoto [1] and Dolado and Lutkepohl [2] (TYDL) augmented VAR procedure. The causality result in the short run showed that none of the institutional quality variables have a causal effect on industrial output growth but the feedback was reported. In the long run, a bi-causal relationship was reported from government effectiveness, control of corruption, financial deepening, and voice and accountability to industrial growth, whereas, a one-way directional relation was found running from industrial growth to regulatory quality and political stability & absence of violence. Thus, there is a need for the government to intensify efforts towards improving the extent people can challenge her power and authority because these play significant roles in the development level of Nigerian industries.