Nicotine Vaping Products Research Articles

The role of vaping in smoking cessation

The electronic cigarette, or vape, has emerged over the last ten years as an alternative way of helping people give up smoking. Tobacco-free, they produce vapor and deliver only minute levels of toxic substances and carcinogens. Several studies confirm the effectiveness of nicotine vaping products in helping people to stop smoking. This article examines the effectiveness of vaping in smoking cessation. It analyzes its advantages and disadvantages, and outlines the best conditions for its use.

Does perceived vaping addiction predict subsequent vaping cessation behaviour among adults who use nicotine vaping products regularly?

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate whether perceived vaping addiction is a predictor of quitting nicotine vaping product (NVP) use among adults who have ever smoked and currently vape exclusively or predominantly in four countries: Australia, Canada, the US, and England. MethodData analysed (n = 574) came from participants (aged 18 + ) who completed the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping survey in 2018 and again in 2020. Baseline inclusion criteria were: (1) currently not smoking or non-daily smoking; and (2) using NVPs daily/weekly for a period of at least 4 months. Association of self-reported baseline levels of perceived vaping addiction with making any attempts to quit vaping and successful attempts reported at follow-up were examined using logistic regression models, controlling for potential sociodemographic and smoking/vaping-related confounders. ResultsParticipants who perceived themselves as being addicted to vaping were less likely to attempt to quit vaping than those who perceived themselves as not addicted. Among those who tried, those who perceived themselves being addicted were also less likely to succeed than those who perceived themselves as not addicted. No significant country differences in associations were observed for both outcomes. ConclusionsPerceived vaping addiction was shown to have predictive utility for vaping cessation behaviours, possibly acting as an indicator of task difficulty, and thus may serve as a useful screening tool for identifying NVP users who may benefit from tailored cessation support programs if they want to stop using these products.

Perceptions of nicotine vaping products among Australians living with HIV

ABSTRACT People living with HIV (PLHIV) are two to three times more likely to smoke tobacco compared to the general community. Evidence from the general population suggests that nicotine vaping products (NVPs) can be acceptable and effective smoking cessation aids, but there is limited evidence on the extent to which this is the case among PLHIV. This manuscript reports findings from the Tobacco Harm Reduction with Vaporised Nicotine (THRiVe) trial, a mixed-methods study investigating the feasibility of NVPs as smoking cessation aids among 29 PLHIV who smoked tobacco. Surveys and semi-structured interviews explored participants’ experiences and perceptions of NVPs, their features and functions, and support for various NVP regulatory policy options. Participants described seven reasons why NVPs were acceptable cessation aids: they satisfied nicotine cravings; differences between NVPs and cigarettes facilitated habit breaking; fewer adverse effects compared to traditional cessation aids; NVPs allowed for a “weaning process” rather than requiring abrupt abstinence; tobacco became increasingly unpleasant to smoke; NVPs provided an increased sense of control; and participants experienced a deeper understanding of personal smoking behaviours. This study provides valuable insight into the preferred features of NVPs among PLHIV and reasons why NVPs may be effective for promoting smoking cessation among PLHIV.

“I've lost my children to vaping”: A frame analysis of the Australian media's construction of the “Youth vaping crisis”

BackgroundYouth vaping has become an issue of extreme concern in the Australian public and political discourse, recently culminating in the announcement of further restrictions on the sale and use of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) by the Federal Government. We examine how youth vaping has been framed in the Australian news media in the six months leading up to the announcement of these new measures in May 2023. MethodsDrawing a sample from the Factiva database, we conducted a frame analysis on articles published during this six month period, identifying media framings that included the necessary components of a distinct Problem Definition, Causal Attribution, Moral Evaluation, and Treatment Recommendation. ResultsWe identified 123 relevant articles, and four dominant framings being applied. Most common was that of A Failure of Control, followed by A Poisonous Epidemic, A Health Behaviour Needing Regulation, and A Moral Failure. ConclusionThese findings are discussed in the context of moral panic theory and how framings are constructed by the media in collaboration with policy actors to support particular policy measures.

Young people's experiences of addiction to nicotine vaping products: A qualitative analysis from Aotearoa New Zealand.

Young people who use nicotine-containing electronic cigarettes, or 'vapes', risk becoming addicted to these products. While several studies document dependency symptoms, few report in-depth qualitative analyses of addiction. We explored experiences of self-reported vaping addiction using in-depth interviews with 22 young people aged 16-20 years who vaped and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand. Our semi-structured interview guide probed participants' early experiences and how they progressed from experimentation to addiction and explored how addiction affected their perceptions and daily routines. We used an inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach to interpret the data. Vaping's pervasiveness piqued participants' curiosity and encouraged trial. Most transitioned from experimentation to addiction within a couple of months; while a minority described a slower progression, nearly all felt irritable, angry or uncomfortable if they had to delay vaping. Intense cravings disrupted school and work routines and dictated how they spent their time. Many deeply regretted vaping and some suffered shame and embarrassment. These participants saw vaping as a threat to the well-being of younger youth, which they tried to shield from addiction. We go beyond earlier studies by probing the burden vaping comes to represent, offering new insights into young people's everyday experiences of vaping addiction. In addition to informing health promotion campaigns, our findings could inform policy directions. Understanding the speed with which addiction can occur, its impact on daily life, and the considerable regret many felt could help inform a more strategic and sorely needed approach to reducing youth vaping.

Randomised experiment for the effect of ‘Tobacco-Free Nicotine’ messaging on current e-cigarette users’ perceptions, preferences and intentions

BackgroundIt is unclear whether emerging synthetic tobacco-free nicotine superiority messages such as ‘better flavor and better experience’ and ‘no residual impurities of tobacco-derived nicotine’ may impact consumer perception and product...

A prescription model for vapes: the way we 'do' medicines policy in Australia.

On 2 May 2023, the Australian Federal Government announced a suite of reforms aimed at ensuring the effectiveness of the prescription model of regulation of vaping (or e-cigarette) products in Australia. These reforms are intended to protect Australians, particularly young people, from the harms of vaping and nicotine dependence. The ensuing public debate on the issue has often created the impression that the options under consideration are to either retain 'recently introduced' prescription regulation or to 'revert to' a retail supply approach. However, the sale of nicotine vapes by retailers such as tobacconists and convenience stores has never been lawful in Australia. The reforms do not seek to change the way nicotine vaping products are regulated, but rather to ensure that the existing prescription model can be effectively enforced and can function as originally intended. This paper describes the historical context and rationale for strengthening prescription regulation of vapes in this country.

A qualitative study of using nicotine products for smoking cessation after discharge from residential drug and alcohol treatment in Australia.

Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent among alcohol and other drugs (AOD) service clients and, despite interest in quitting, abstinence is rarely sustained. Nicotine products may assist after discharge from residential treatment services, but little is known about client receptivity to them. This study examined AOD withdrawal service clients' experiences of two types of nicotine products for smoking cessation post-discharge, combination nicotine replacement therapy (cNRT) and nicotine vaping products (NVP). We held semi-structured telephone interviews with 31 Australian AOD service clients in a clinical trial of a 12-week smoking cessation intervention using Quitline support plus cNRT or NVP delivered post-discharge from a smoke-free residential service. We asked about health and social factors, nicotine cravings, Quitline experience, and barriers and facilitators to cNRT or NVP, then thematically analysed data. cNRT and NVP were described by participants as feasible and acceptable for smoking cessation. For most participants, cost limited cNRT access post study, as did difficulty navigating NVP prescription access. Quitline support was valued, but not consistently used, with participants noting low assistance with NVP-facilitated cessation. Participants considered both cessation methods acceptable and socially supported, and sought information on decreasing nicotine use via NVP. AOD service clients highly valued receiving cNRT or NVP with behavioural support for smoking reduction or abstinence. Both interventions were acceptable to service clients. Findings suggest a potential need to examine both whether NVP use should be permitted in this context, and guidance on the individual suitability of cNRT or NVP.

A Qualitative Analysis of How Underage Adolescents Access Nicotine Vaping Products in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Despite policies setting a minimum legal sales age, youth continue to access electronic cigarettes (ECs). Evidence of rising youth vaping prevalence in many countries suggests existing measures have serious loopholes and raise important questions about how youth source vaping products. We explored how youth source ECs using in-depth interviews with 30 adolescents aged 16-17 who vaped at least once a month and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand. Our semistructured interview guide probed participants' vaping experiences and how they developed and used social, quasi-commercial, and commercial supply routes to access ECs. We used an inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach to interpret the data. Nearly all participants shared ECs with peers and sharing was the sole access route for some. Many used proxies, often older relatives or people they knew socially, to purchase ECs on their behalf; however, others recruited proxies by approaching previously unknown people they identified on social media. Participants also sourced ECs via quasi-commercial networks that existed within schools and on social media, and some purchased in their own right, usually from smaller retail outlets that did not ask for ID. Disrupting social supply will be challenging, though reducing ECs' availability, appeal, and affordability could make social supply, including sharing and proxy purchasing, more difficult. Reports that youth purchase ECs from commercial retailers known to waive age verification suggest stronger monitoring and enforcement, along with escalating retailer penalties, are required. Vaping access routes sit on a continuum from informal, spontaneous sharing to carefully planned commercial purchases. While supply via friends, siblings and other social contacts is an important means of access, nicotine dependence drives some to use riskier access routes, including approaching unknown people to act as proxy purchasers. Evidence young people identify noncompliant retailers suggests policy makers should monitor and enforce existing measures more stringently and consider additional penalties for recidivist underage suppliers. A more comprehensive response that reduces the appeal, addictiveness, affordability, and availability of vaping products would address factors fostering and maintaining youth vaping.

Attitudes of people diagnosed with cancer and cancer care providers towards use of nicotine vaping products in high-income countries: a scoping review

Attitudes of people diagnosed with cancer and cancer care providers towards use of nicotine vaping products in high-income countries: a scoping review

Adult harm perceptions, purchase, and use related to synthetic vs. tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products: A mixed-methods study

ObjectiveSynthetic nicotine (SN) e-cigarettes emerged on the market as an alternative to tobacco-derived nicotine (TDN) vaping products. It is critical to understand the harm perceptions, purchase, and use of SN vs. TDN e-cigarettes. MethodsFrom November 2021 to February 2023, we conducted intercept interviews with 263 adult customers at 37 vape shops in Southern California. Self-reported use and harm perceptions towards SN vs TDN e-cigarettes were examined. A qualitative analysis of researcher-obtained photographs of vaping items just purchased by customer participants was conducted. ResultsPast 30-day SN e-cigarette use was reported by 44 (16.7 %) customers. Past 30-day SN e-cigarette users vs. non-users reported vaping on more days in the past month (29.3 vs. 26.1 days, p = 0.02). Overall, 23.8 % of participants perceived SN e-cigarettes as less harmful than TDN ones; never-smoking vapers and dual users perceived SN e-cigarettes as less harmful than salt-based TDN e-cigarettes. Among 44 customers who purchased SN products (verified through qualitative analysis of photographs), only 13 (29.6 %) self-reported using SN products in the past month, while 5 (11.4 %) indicated they were not aware of the existence of SN products. Most SN vaping products (71.4 %) displayed a modified “tobacco-free” warning label. ConclusionsMisperceptions about SN e-cigarettes were documented in this study, including the perception that SN is either less or more harmful than TDN. Further, some customers may be unknowingly purchasing and using SN e-cigarettes. Regulating “tobacco-free nicotine“ terminology in SN vaping products marketing is suggested. SN product labeling should not imply that SN is safe/safer than TDN.

Association of anxiety and depression symptoms with perceived health risk of nicotine vaping products for smoking cessation.

As tobacco smoking prevalence is unacceptably high for the one in five Australians reporting a mental health condition in the past year, multiple cessation supports are needed to reduce tobacco-related disease. Nicotine vaping product (NVP)-facilitated smoking cessation is one option requiring a medical prescription in Australia. Yet, people easily obtain NVPs via non-prescription channels. As mental health impacts quitting intentions and health system engagement, this study examined how presence of anxiety and depression symptoms may be associated with perceived health risk of using NVPs from prescription or non-prescription sources for smoking cessation. We used cross-sectional South Australian (15 years +) 2022 survey data on vaping, smoking, anxiety, and depression. Robust linear regression was used to examine the association of anxiety and depression symptoms and nicotine addiction concern on perceived health risk of using NVPs from prescription or non-prescription sources. For prescription NVPs, vaping was associated with lower perceived health risk (b=-0.732). Higher perceived addiction risk was associated with higher perceived health risk from prescription NVPs (b=0.784). For non-prescription NVPs, vaping (b=-0.661) or smoking (b=-0.310) was associated with lower perceived health risk, and higher perceived addiction risk (b=0.733) was associated with a higher perceived health risk. Although anxiety and depression were not directly associated with NVP health risk perceptions, vaping while having depression symptoms was associated with higher perceived health risk ratings for prescription (b=0.700) but not non-prescription sources. People with depression who vape may see health risk barriers in NVP prescription access for smoking cessation, a smoking cessation support gap.

Cross-State Border Nicotine Vaping Products Purchase-Early Evidence From State Emergency Sales Restrictions in 2019.

While retail sales and retailer inspection studies generally indicate high compliance with state sales restrictions on Nicotine Vaping Products (NVPs) within the restricted area, studies using survey data generally indicate that most users could readily continue gaining access to restricted NVPs. Our study bridges a gap in the current literature and investigates the potential role of cross-state border purchases to evade state emergency NVP sales restrictions in 2019. The study sample was restricted to NVP sales from the states neighboring Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington, three states that implemented all NVP or flavored NVP sales restrictions in 2019. Among these neighboring states, the 2019 weekly county-level NVP sales by flavors (tobacco, mint/menthol, and other flavors) were compiled using Nielsen Scanner data. A quasi-experimental, comparison group pre-post study design was used to study the impacts of NVP sales restrictions on cross-state border NVP purchases. Weekly NVP sales for border counties significantly increased in response to the MA, RI, and WA bans for tobacco flavored (56%, 45%, 14%, respectively), menthol/mint flavored (51%, 2%, 41%, respectively), and other flavored (79%, 3%, 4%, respectively) products, compared to sales for non-border counties (all p-values < .01). Our study identified significant cross-state border NVP purchases in all studied states to circumvent NVP emergency sales restrictions in response to the EVALI outbreak. Policymakers should factor in these purchasing behaviors to evade sales restrictions when evaluating any future potential policies at the state or local levels. While retail sales data and retailer inspections indicate high compliance with Nicotine Vaping Product (NVP) flavor sales restrictions from major retail outlets, survey data obtain mixed findings on the effects of sales restrictions on vaping behaviors. Our study identified a significant increase in cross-state border NVP purchases to circumvent NVP sales restrictions in 2019, consistent across all three settings of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington. Policymakers should factor in these cross-state border NVP purchases in response to sales restrictions when evaluating any future potential NVP sales restrictions.

How do users compare the costs between nicotine vaping products and cigarettes? Findings from the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control United States surveys.

Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) can potentially help adult tobacco users quit smoking. This study evaluated how adult consumers compare the costs between NVPs and cigarettes. We used data from the US arm of the 2016-2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) surveys to perform a multinomial logit model with two-way fixed effects to measure how perceived cost comparisons are associated with NVP and cigarette taxes, use patterns, NVP device types and individual sociodemographic factors. Higher cigarette taxes are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving NVPs and cigarettes as costing the same for the overall population and among people who exclusively smoke, and a lower likelihood of perceiving NVPs as more expensive among people who exclusively vape, compared with lower cigarette taxes. Pre-filled cartridge and tank users are more likely to perceive NVPs as less expensive than cigarettes, compared with people who use other types of NVPs. The associations between taxes and perceived cost comparison were more pronounced among males, younger and low-income populations. Higher cigarette taxes are associated with perceived financial incentives for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) over cigarettes, whereas NVP taxes are not associated with perceived cost comparison between NVPs and cigarettes.

Patterns of cigarette, heated tobacco product, and nicotine vaping product use among Korean adults: Findings from the 2020 ITC Korea Survey.

Non-combustible nicotine products (NCNPs), such as heated tobacco products (HTPs) and nicotine vaping products (NVPs) have gained a significant nicotine market share in South Korea. This descriptive study examined patterns of regular cigarette and NCNP use among South Korean adults. Data were from the 2020 International Tobacco Control Korea Survey and included 4016 adults (aged ≥19 years) in the Republic of Korea who were regularly (at least weekly) using at least one NCNP (NVP/HTP, n=2117) and/or smoked cigarettes (n=3763) at the time of the survey. Weighted descriptive estimates were computed to assess respondents' nicotine product use among all respondents (exclusive, dual, or triple use). Thereafter, we identified sociodemographic characteristics associated with NCNP use (n=2117). Among Korean adults who were smoking cigarettes, 83.1% (95% CI: 81.6-84.6) did so exclusively, and 16.9% (95% CI: 15.4-18.4) smoked cigarettes and used NCNPs. Among those who used HTPs (n=1877), 14.9% (95% CI: 11.5-18.4) did so exclusively, 59.6% used HTPs and smoked cigarettes (95% CI: 55.4-63.1), 4.2% used HTPs and vaped (95% CI: 11.5-18.4), and 21.6% (95% CI: 18.9-24.2) used all three products. Of adults who used HTPs and smoked cigarettes, 86.6% smoked daily. Among those who vaped (n=865), 13.3% did so exclusively (95% CI: 9.4-17.1), 55.6% (95% CI: 49.6-61.5) vaped and smoked cigarettes, 5.1% (95% CI: 1.7-8.6) used HTPs and vaped, and 26.1% (95% CI: 22.1-30.1) used all three products. Of adults who vaped and smoked cigarettes, 82.4% (95% CI: 77.1-87.7) smoked daily. Cigarettes remain the most commonly used nicotine product in South Korea, and among adults using heated tobacco and/or vaping products, the majority were also smoking. Research is urgently needed to assess whether adults who are using an NCNP are doing so to quit, or rather to complement their cigarette smoking.

Examining acute psychopharmacological effects of nicotine vaping versus heated tobacco products in a randomised crossover study of product naïve adult smokers

Nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are designed to replicate the sensory and behavioural aspects of smoking cigarettes while avoiding combustion. The success of these products as harm reduction tools will partially depend on their ability to satisfy smokers and alleviate nicotine-related withdrawal symptoms. This study aims to compare short-term effects of NVPs (Juul and Aspire PockeX) versus HTPs (IQOS) on smoking-related withdrawal relief, product satisfaction, intention to switch to NVP/HTP, perceptions and attitudes in UK adult cigarette smokers naïve to these products. In a randomized cross-over study, 45 participants visited the lab twice, at each visit trying one of the two products (NVP/HTP) and completing a questionnaire. Responses were normalized on a 0–100% scale and mean differences (MD) between NVP and HTP scores computed, with positive and negative MD values indicating greater endorsement for NVP and HTP, respectively. Cigarette cravings were reduced similarly (~ 20.0%) by both products (MD = 4.5%, 95%Confidence Interval (CI) − 4.8, 13.8). Direct positive effects (MD = − 3.5%, 95%CI − 7.2, 0.2) and adverse side effects (MD = 1.8%, 95%CI − 0.3, 3.8) were comparable after each product use, though marginally favouring HTPs. HTPs were perceived as more satisfying overall (MD = − 13.2%, 95%CI − 20.3 − 6.1) than NVPs but both were perceived as similarly addictive (MD = 3.6%, 95%CI − 4.6, 11.8), relative to cigarettes. Intention to switch to either product was comparable (MD = 4.0%, 95%CI − 5.7, 13.8). Comparison of acute use of NVP versus HTP in a sample of UK smokers naïve to these products suggests that HTPs are perceived as more satisfying than NVPs, though still less satisfying than cigarettes.Registration: The analysis plan was pre-registered, and it is available at https://osf.io/6ymdu

Comparing identity, attitudes, and indicators of effectiveness in people who smoke, vape or use heated tobacco products: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundThere is limited long-term and independent research on heated tobacco products (HTPs). We compared people who used HTPs with those who used nicotine vaping products (NVP) or cigarettes on smoker identity, indicators of effectiveness and, among NVP/HTP users, perceptions of these products. MethodsAdults exclusive cigarette smokers (N = 45) and ex-smokers with medium/long-term (>3months) NVP (N = 46) or HTP use (N = 45) were recruited in London, UK. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing socio-demographics, smoking characteristics, smoker identity, dependence, intention to stop and attitudes towards HTP/NVP. ResultsIn adjusted analysis, people who used cigarettes (Mean Difference (MD) = 1.4, 95%Confidence Intervals (CI) 0.7,2.0) and HTPs (MD = 0.8, 95%CI 0.1, 1.5) reported stronger smoker identities than those who used NVPs. Compared with smokers, HTP/NVP users had lower cravings for cigarettes (MD = 3.0, 95%CI 1.6, 4.3; MD = 3.1, 95%CI 1.9, 4.3, respectively), and higher intention to stop product use (MD = −0.8, 95%CI −1.7,-0.01; MD = −1.2, 95%CI −2.0, -0.3, respectively). People using HTPs or NVPs reported similar perceived product satisfaction (HTP:M = 3.4, 95%CI 2.8, 3.9; NVP:M = 3.0, 95%CI 2.5, 3.5), efficacy for smoking cessation (HTP:M = 4.5, 95%CI 4.2, 4.9; NVP:M = 4.6, 95%CI 4.3, 4.9) and safety (HTP:M = 2.1, 95%CI 2.0, 2.2; NVP:M = 2.0, 95%CI 1.8, 2.1). HTP users reported greater perceived addictiveness than NVPs (MD = 0.3, 95%CI 0.2, 0.6). ConclusionsHTP and NVP users perceived products to be similarly acceptable and effective suggesting that HTPs, like NVPs, may support smoking cessation. However, since HTP use appears to maintain a stronger smoker identity and perceived addiction, this may suggest a more limited role of HTP for a permanent transition away from cigarettes.

The smoking and vaping model, A user-friendly model for examining the country-specific impact of nicotine VAPING product use: application to Germany

BackgroundSimulation models play an increasingly important role in tobacco control. Models examining the impact of nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and smoking tend to be highly specialized and inaccessible. We present the Smoking and Vaping Model (SAVM),a user-friendly cohort-based simulation model, adaptable to any country, that projects the public health impact of smokers switching to NVPs.MethodsSAVM compares two scenarios. The No-NVP scenario projects smoking rates in the absence of NVPs using population projections, deaths rates, life expectancy, and smoking prevalence. The NVP scenario models vaping prevalence and its impact on smoking once NVPs became popular. NVP use impact is estimated as the difference in smoking- and vaping-attributable deaths (SVADs) and life-years lost (LYLs) between the No-NVP and NVP scenarios. We illustrate SAVM’s adaptation to the German adult ages 18+ population, the Germany-SAVM by adjusting the model using population, mortality, smoking and NVP use data.ResultsAssuming that the excess NVP mortality risk is 5% that of smoking, Germany-SAVM projected 4.7 million LYLs and almost 300,000 SVADs averted associated with NVP use from 2012 to 2060. Increasing the excess NVP mortality risk to 40% with other rates constant resulted in averted 2.8 million LYLs and 200,000 SVADs during the same period.ConclusionsSAVM enables non-modelers, policymakers, and other stakeholders to analyze the potential population health effects of NVP use and public health interventions.

How is nicotine vaping product (e-cigarette) use monitored in primary care electronic health records in the United Kingdom? An exploratory analysis of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)

BackgroundElectronic health records (EHRs) could identify long-term health effects of nicotine vaping. We characterised the extent to which vaping is recorded in primary care EHRs in the UK, on a population level.MethodsWe performed descriptive analysis of Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), primary care electronic health records of 25% of the UK population (~ 16 million patients). Patients aged ≥ 18 years whose vaping status was recorded using medical codes between 2006 and 2022 were identified. We reported the frequency of vaping codes; their distribution by patient age, gender, and ethnicity; trends in vaping recording over time (including interrupted time series analyses); and transitions in patient smoking status.ResultsSeven medical codes indicated current or former vaping, from 150,114 patients. When their vaping status was first recorded, mean patient age was 50.2 years (standard deviation: 15.0), 52.4% were female, and 82.1% were White. Of those recorded as currently vaping, almost all (98.9%) had records of their prior smoking status: 55.0% had been smoking, 38.3% had stopped smoking, 5.6% had never smoked. Of those who were smoking prior to being recorded as vaping, more than a year after the vaping record, over a third (34.2%) were still smoking, under a quarter (23.7%) quit smoking, 1.7% received a ‘never smoked’ status, and there was no smoking status for 40.4%. The ‘e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury’ (EVALI) outbreak was significantly associated with a declining trend in new records of current vaping between September 2019 and March 2020; and an immediate significant increase in new records of former vaping, followed by a declining trend.ConclusionsFew patients are being asked about vaping. Most who vape had smoked, and many quit smoking after starting vaping. To enable electronic health records to provide stronger evidence on health effects, we recommend improved completeness, accuracy and consistency.

Vaping industry participation standards in health organizations: an exploratory policy content analysis.

The vaping industry has been found to employ similar tactics to tobacco industry actors to seek credibility and distort the scientific evidence base around the health harms of nicotine vaping products. As vaping industry interests undermine vaping control efforts, safeguards are necessary to protect against this influence. We aimed to examine health organizations' policies on vaping industry participation in their activities in Australia. A descriptive approach integrating policy analysis and key informant surveys was used to obtain vaping industry participation information from health research stakeholders. Descriptive statistics on organization type, policy document type, policy document industry focus (tobacco or vaping) and respondent role and responsibility were collected. We used framework analysis to identify themes describing organizational allowances, constraints, and rationale for vaping industry research participation. Relevant health organizations were identified within Australia for policy searching (n = 156), which identified 47 unique policy documents. After contacting 267 key stakeholders from eligible organizations, 31 survey responses were analysed. Research organizations and universities were highly represented in both the policy and survey data. Most health research stakeholders recognized that vaping industry interests counteract public health priorities and opposed vaping industry participation. However, many organizations lacked clear, vaping industry-specific participation policies. To protect the integrity of the emerging evidence base around vaping harms which inform vaping policy, health organizations require strong, comprehensive policies to resist vaping industry participation in research.