Nickel Plating Process Research Articles

A novel electroless nickel plating process for fabrication of optical fiber corrosion sensors

In this work, a novel silanization pre-treatment method has been successfully proposed to solve the problems of discontinuity and poor adhesion strength of electroless nickel plating using in the ultrasensitive optical fiber corrosion sensors. The chemically etched and hydroxylated optical fiber is simply treated with a mixed solution containing the hydrolyzed γ-APS with bifunctional group and PdCl2 before dipping into nickel plating solution. ATR-FTIR, AFM, SEM and theoretical calculations are applied to demonstrate the feasibility of the method and reaction mechanism. Results show that the –NH2 in γ-APS preferentially interacts with the Pd2+, while the Si-OH at the other end forms a covalent bond with the Si-OH on the optical fiber surface, forming a needle-like silane intercalation film by oriented adsorption. With this simple silanization pre-treatment method, a uniform and continuous electroless nickel plating can be successfully prepared. Our DFT calculations are good consistent with the experimental measurements.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ДИГИДРОКВЕРЦЕТИНА НА КАЧЕСТВО НИКЕЛЕВЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ В СУЛЬФАТНОМ ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТЕ

The influence of dihydroquercetin and the electrolysis mode in a sulfate electrolyte on the nickel plat-ing process, as well as the quality of nickel coatings, was studied

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ДОБАВОК ПИРИДИНОВЫХ СОЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БЛЕСТЯЩИХ НИКЕЛЕВЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ

The process of electrochemical nickel plating and the effect of the process of nickel deposition are considered

ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ БЛЕСТЯЩИХ НИКЕЛЕВЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ В ПРИСУТСТВИИ ТРИФТОРУКСУСНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ

The influence of a fluorine-containing compound on the process of electrochemical nickel plating in sulfate and acetate-chloride electrolytes is considered

ВЛИЯНИЕ 2-АМИНО-1,3-ТИАЗОЛОН-4 ХЛОРИДА НА ПРОЦЕСС ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО НИКЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

The effect of the organic additive 2-amino-1,3-thiazolone-4 chloride on the electrochemical nickel plat-ing process has been studied. It is shown that this organic compound is capable of having a gloss-forming effect with high current output

DEVELOPMENT OF RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SPENT CHEMICAL NICKEL PLATING SOLUTION

Currently, the chemical nickel plating process is one of the most popular electroplating methods compared to others due to a number of advantages. However, the production process generates a significant amount of spent chemical nickel plating solutions, which poses a threat of environmental pollution. To solve this problem, the possibility of regenerating the spent solution of chemical nickel plating from one of the industrial enterprises of Udmurtia by the reagent method was studied. Sodium carbonate was chosen as the precipitant for nickel ions, the amount of which was determined from potentiometric titration curves; the most complete precipitation of nickel ions occurs at pH 10. It has been established by IR spectroscopy that nickel hydroxide salts are formed as a result of the interaction of the spent electrolyte with the precipitant. The results of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis of the precipitate showed three endothermic effects: at temperatures up to 100 °C, it corresponds to dehydration; at 280±10 °C - to the removal of a part of chemisorbed water and carbonates; at 420 °C - to the final removal of water. As a result of heat treatment of the hydroxocarbonate precipitate, a black fine powder of nickel(II) oxide is obtained, the IR spectrum of which has a set of bands characteristic of this compound. Two variants of the technological scheme for the regeneration of spent electrolytes for the preparation of initial working solutions for chemical nickel plating from nickel(II) hydroxocarbonate and nickel oxide are proposed. The quality of the obtained solutions was checked by applying a nickel coating on brass products. The thickness of the coating was measured by scanning electron microscopy. It has been established that the highest quality coating is obtained using an electrolyte prepared from nickel hydroxocarbonate.

Investigating the Potential of Electroless Nickel Plating for Fabricating Ultra-Porous Metal-Based Lattice Structures Using PolyHIPE Templates.

The use of polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) as templates for electroless nickel plating is a promising method for producing ultra-porous metallic lattice structures with consistent wall thickness. These structures have desirable properties such as low density, high specific strength, resilience, and absorbency, making them suitable for various applications including battery electrodes, catalyst supports, and acoustic or vibration damping. This study aimed to optimize and investigate the electroless nickel plating process on polyHIPEs. Initially, a surfactant (Hypermer)-stabilized water-in-oil emulsion based on 2-ethylhexyl-acrylate and isobornyl-acrylate was used as a 3D printing resin to create polyHIPE structures. Then, the electroless nickel plating process was optimized using polyHIPE discs. The study also examined the effects of air, argon, and reducing atmospheres during the heating process to remove the polyHIPE template using metallized 3D-printed polyHIPE lattice structures. The findings indicated that different atmospheres led to the formation of distinct compounds. While nickel-coated polyHIPEs were fully oxidized in an air atmosphere, nickel phosphide (Ni3P) structures occurred in argon and reducing atmospheres along Ni metal. Moreover, in argon and reducing atmospheres, the porous structure of the polyHIPEs was retained as the internal structure was completely carbonized. Overall, the study demonstrated that intricate polyHIPE structures can be used as templates to create ultra-porous metal-based lattices for a wide range of applications.

Multifunctional Biosensing Platform Based on Nickel-Modified Laser-Induced Graphene.

Nickel plating electrolytes prepared by using a simple salt solution can achieve nickel plating on laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes, which greatly enhances the electrical conductivity, electrochemical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance of LIG. This makes the LIG-Ni electrodes well suited for electrophysiological, strain, and electrochemical sensing applications. The investigation of the mechanical properties of the LIG-Ni sensor and the monitoring of pulse, respiration, and swallowing confirmed that the sensor can sense insignificant deformations to relatively large conformal strains of skin. Modulation of the nickel-plating process of LIG-Ni, followed by chemical modification, may allow for the introduction of glucose redox catalyst Ni2Fe(CN)6 with interestingly strong catalytic effects, which gives LIG-Ni impressive glucose-sensing properties. Additionally, the chemical modification of LIG-Ni for pH and Na+ monitoring also confirmed its strong electrochemical monitoring potential, which demonstrates application prospects in the development of multiple electrochemical sensors for sweat parameters. A more uniform LIG-Ni multi-physiological sensor preparation process provides a prerequisite for the construction of an integrated multi-physiological sensor system. The sensor was validated to have continuous monitoring performance, and its preparation process is expected to form a system for non-invasive physiological parameter signal monitoring, thus contributing to motion monitoring, disease prevention, and disease diagnosis.

ФТОРСОДЕРЖАЩИЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ В ПРOЦЕССЕ ЭЛЕКТРOХИМИЧЕСКOГO НИКЕЛИРOВАНИЯ

The influence of various compounds on the process of electrochemical nickel plating is considered. It is shown that organoelement compounds can be used as additives in nickel plating electrolytes. It is proposed to investigate fluorine-containing compounds as leveling and gloss-forming additives in the process of electrochemical nickel plating

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ БЛЕСКООБРАЗУЮЩЕГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ СЕЛЕНСОДЕРЖАЩИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ НА ПРОЦЕСС НИКЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

The effect of selenium-containing compounds (5-oxa-2,8-diselenanonane, 6-oxa-3,9-diselenaundecane) on the process of brilliant nickel plating has been studied. Additives have been studied. Optimal concentrations of organic additives and electrolysis modes were selected, allowing to obtain a shiny nickel coating

ЭЛЕМЕНТОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ В ПРOЦЕССЕ ЭЛЕКТРOХИМИЧЕСКOГO НИКЕЛИРOВАНИЯ

The influence of organic compounds on the process of electrochemical nickel plating is considered. It is shown that organoelement compounds can be used as additives in nickel plating electrolytes. It is proposed to investigate compounds of pyridine phosphoryl derivatives as leveling and gloss-forming additives in the process of electrochemical nickel plating

A new environmentally friendly non-destructive activation process of electroless nickel plating on alumina ceramics

A new non-destructive activation process before electroless nickel plating (ENP) was proposed, which reduced the use of strong corrosive drugs and noble metals， and was environmentally friendly without damaging the surface of alumina ceramics. The process successfully attached nickel nanoparticles firmly to the alumina ceramic surface and used the nickel nanoparticles as a catalytic center of ENP for electroless plating. The important parameters of the non-destructive activation process were optimized by orthogonal experiments. A scanning electron microscope (SEM), an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and thermal shock tests were used to characterize and analyzed the surface morphology, microstructure, composition and binding force of the coating, and measured the plating rate and conductivity to analyze the coating quality. The rate of ENP reduced with the decrease of ion concentration. When the plating time was 30 ，60 and 90 min, the average plating rate was 10.93, 10.85 and 8.76 µm/h, respectively. The difference in the square resistance of the coating of different samples was small, indicating that the coating thickness was basically the same. When the coating was applied for 90 min, the coating thickness was about 14.3 µm and the resistivity was about 107.2 × 10−6 Ω·cm, conforming to the international standard of nickel plating with phosphorus. Therefore, the process has advantages of simple operation and low cost, and it is a non-destructive and environmentally friendly activation process for substrates.

Hierarchically Flexible Polyamide Composite Films for Thermal Management and Electromagnetic Shielding

With the integration and high power of electronic devices, as well as the rapid development of 5G and new energy, the application of materials with good flexibility, mechanical properties, and multifunctional properties is increasing. In this study, we prepared polyamide composite films with high thermal conductivity (TC) (33.27 W/(m·K)), excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) (63.0 dB), and good mechanical properties (tensile strength 44.5 MPa, toughness 13.8 MJ/m3) by using hierarchical design and recombination strategy. The top layer of the composite film is a graphene/graphene oxide film (GNP/GO) as the TC and EMI shielding layer. The base layer of the composite film is a commercially available polyamide mesh to improve mechanical properties. The dense Ni layer was deposited on the polyamide fabric by the electroless nickel plating process, which improved the shielding performance against electromagnetic interference. The water-borne polyurethane (WPU) cladding is further coated on the nickel-plated polyamide fabric to protect the cladding and bond the top and base layers simultaneously. In addition, the practical application of the film in thermal management and electromagnetic shielding fields is also proved through the application experiments.

Failure analysis on the pin fin heat sink for the power module of new energy vehicles

For new energy vehicles, the power module in the inverter plays a key role in electricity conversion. Considering that a large amount of heat generated by the power module during operation can cause thermal damage, a kind of special pin fin heat sinks with nickel-phosphorus coating is designed for achieving a better heat dissipation effect. Nevertheless, during the corrosion resistance test before assembly, many defects suspected to be caused by corrosion were found on the surface of pin fin heat sinks, which did not meet the design requirements and made the pin fin heat sinks fail in the test. In order to find out the root cause of the failure, the copper substrate qualities, hydrogen content of the coating, coolant compositions, macroscopic and microscopic morphologies, and the electroless nickel-plating process were systematically characterized and analyzed. Through comprehensive failure analysis, the corrosion factor inferred initially was excluded, and the explosive release of the local hydrogen aggregating in the nickel-phosphorus coating was finally determined as the root cause. Based on the conclusions, the corresponding countermeasures were proposed to avoid the reoccurrence of similar defects in the future manufacturing process. The obtained achievements would be helpful to improve the plating quality of pin fin heat sinks and enhance the reliability of the new energy vehicles.

Chemical black nickel coatings on steels

Having high corrosion resistance and hardness, black conversion coatings are used as functional, as well as protective and decorative coatings. Black chrome and nickel electroplated coatings are mainly used for these purposes. The main drawbacks of the chromium plating processes are related to the fact that they are rather difficult to realize and control and that they consume a great amount of energy as the solutions need to be heated up and some of the heat gets lost during hydrogen evolution reaction. The known black nickel plating processes are less energy intensive and easier to implement, however they have their drawbacks, such as low protective ability and wear resistance and poor adhesion to the substrate, especially to steel. This paper describes certain processes that were tested, as well as two plating techniques for producing black wear-resistant coatings with a high protective ability on chemically deposited nickel-phosphorus layers. It was found that the treatment of black coatings with nitric acid and anodic treatment with phosphoric acid lead to increased roughness and porosity of the coatings. Nickel oxides NiO, Ni2O3, as well as nickel phosphates were found in the final coating. It was established that heat treatment enhances the wear resistance and protective ability of black nickel-phosphorus coatings and they even outperform black chrome and nickel electroplated coatings. The properties of the resulting coatings were studied using an OLYMPUS LEXT4100 confocal laser microscope, a Taber Elcometer 5135 rotary abraser, an EDX-7000 energy-dispersive spectrometer, an HB100 Auger microscope (Vacuum Generators, GB), and a 410 Quick Start Guide reflectometer. The paper demonstrates the possibility of using a safer chemical nickel plating process instead of chromium and nickel electroplating processes.The authors would like to thank the Mendeleev Shared Knowledge Centre for support of this research.

Environmentally Friendly Nickel Plating Processes

Environmentally Friendly Nickel Plating Processes

ВЛИЯНИЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ЭТИЛЕНХЛОРГИДРИНА НА ПРОЦЕСС ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО НИКЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

The effect of products obtained from ethylene chlorohydrin – 2-hydroxyethylisothiuronium chloride, mono- and dichalcogen derivatives of diethylene glycol on the process of electrochemical nickel plating has been studied. Concentrations of organic additives and electrolysis modes were selected, allowing to obtain a shiny nickel coating

ВЛИЯНИЕ 5-ОКСА-2,8-ДИТИАНОНАНА, В КАЧЕСТВЕ БЛЕСКООБРАЗУЮЩЕЙ ДОБАВКИ, НА ПРОЦЕСС ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО НИКЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

The properties of 5-oxa-2,8-dithianonane, as a brightening additive, on the process of electrochemical nickel plating have been studied. Research was carried out in order to obtain a shiny nickel coating at different concentrations of organic additives and electrolysis modes. To evaluate the resulting coatings, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of gloss, the number of pores per unit surface were determined, and a spectral analysis of the coatings was performed

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ТРОЙНУЮ СВЯЗЬ С≡С, В ПРОЦЕССЕ ЭЛЕКТРОХИМИЧЕСКОГО НИКЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

The influence of the structure of organic compounds, as well as the presence of double and triple bonds on the process of brilliant electrochemical nickel plating is considered. It is shown that triple-bonded compounds are effective additives for the electrochemical production of shiny nickel coatings

РЕАГЕНТЫ-БЛЕСКООБРАЗОВАТЕЛИ ДЛЯ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ БЛЕСТЯЩИХ НИКЕЛЕВЫХ ПОКРЫТИЙ

An empirical scheme of classification of gloss-forming reagents for the electrochemical nickel plating process is considered. It is shown that despite the division of organic compounds into 2 classes, the mechanism of action of gloss-forming additives has not yet been fully elucidated