Nickel Phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt Research Articles

Sulfonated Phthalocyanine Redox Flow Cell for Electrochemical Water Desalination

A reliable clean water supply is now one important and challenging issue for the human society. With the facts that only 0.4% of the water on earth is readily drinkable and 98% of the water is saltwater, water desalination for clean water production has become a key strategic solution to satisfy the increasing global water demand. Over the years, different saltwater desalination technologies were researched and developed, including reverse osmosis membrane desalination (RO), electrodialysis (ED), capacitive desalination (CDI) and multi-effect distillation (MED). However, some inherent technical issues, like high operation cost, large capital cost and/or low desalination capacity, associate with these existing technologies that lead to a high clean water production cost and limit their applications. Thus, there is a need of new water desalination technology that can purify saltwater with low cost and high efficiency.In this work we report a new water-soluble nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPcTATS)-based redox flow desalination battery (RFDB) for safe, effective and efficient water-salt separation. The fabricated RFDB cell exhibited a high desalination rate at 3.4 gNaCl/(molNiPcTATS∙hr) even with a low 0.5 V cell voltage and required as low as 11.5 kJ/mol salt in energy consumption. The cell showed excellent reversibility and durability for long-term operation, benefiting from the fast-redox kinetics and chemical stability of the redox couple. With no consumption of the redox couple and energy recovery during the salination process, this new method provides a continuous desalination capability with unlimited salt removal capacity. We also demonstrated the use of simple solar panel for effectively driving the RFDB cell, proving it a promising and practical technology for clean water production in remote places like islands and ships.

Sulfonated Phthalocyanine Redox Flow Cell for High-Performance Electrochemical Water Desalination

A reliable clean water supply is now one important and challenging issue for the human society. With the facts that only 0.4% of the water on earth is readily drinkable and 98% of the water is saltwater, water desalination for clean water production has become a key strategic solution to satisfy the increasing global water demand. Over the years, different saltwater desalination technologies were researched and developed, including reverse osmosis membrane desalination (RO), electrodialysis (ED), capacitive desalination (CDI) and multi-effect distillation (MED). However, some inherent technical issues, like high operation cost, large capital cost and/or low desalination capacity, associate with these existing technologies that lead to a high clean water production cost and limit their applications. Thus, there is a need of new water desalination technology that can purify saltwater with low cost and high efficiency.In this work we report a new water-soluble nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPcTATS)-based redox flow desalination battery (RFDB) for safe, effective and efficient water-salt separation. The fabricated RFDB cell exhibited a high desalination rate at 3.4 gNaCl/(molNiPcTATS∙hr) even with a low 0.5 V cell voltage and required as low as 11.5 kJ/mol salt in energy consumption. The cell showed excellent reversibility and durability for long-term operation, benefiting from the fast-redox kinetics and chemical stability of the redox couple. With no consumption of the redox couple and energy recovery during the salination process, this new method provides a continuous desalination capability with unlimited salt removal capacity. We also demonstrated the use of simple solar panel for effectively driving the RFDB cell, proving it a promising and practical technology for clean water production in remote places like islands and ships.

Sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine redox flow cell for high-performance electrochemical water desalination

With clean water availability raising a great technological and social challenge, saltwater desalination has become a key strategic solution. Herein, we report a nickel phthalocyanine tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPcTATS)-based redox flow desalination cell (RFDC) that allows safe, efficient and continuous water-salt separation. With the new, water-soluble NiPcTATS/NiPcTATS+ redox couple as electrolyte, the RFDC effectively desalinates saltwater and achieves a high average salt removal rate of 3.11 gNaCl/(molNiPcTATS·h) and a low energy consumption of 15.0 kJ/molNaCl at 0.5 V cell voltage. The cell exhibits excellent reversibility and durability for long-term operation, benefiting from the fast-redox kinetics and chemical stability of the redox couple. Efficient solar-driven RFDC for water desalination is demonstrated by powering the cell with a solar panel. This RFDC method provides a low-cost, efficient and safe strategy to purify saltwater, and the findings with NiPcTATS-based redox couple offer new opportunities of utilizing metal phthalocyanines and derivatives in water desalination research.

Novel Integration of Nickel Phthalocyanine/Nickel Oxide-Based Photocathodes and Copper-Encapsulated Carbon-Dot-Cosensitized Photoanodes in Tandem for a Highly Efficient Solar Cell

A notable strategy to achieve a dramatically high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.76% for a tandem photovoltaic device has been implemented by the use of a nickel phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPcTs) dye-sensitized p-type nickel oxide (NiO) semiconductor-based photocathode supported over carbon (C)-fabric paired with a photoanode scaffold comprising luminescent and conducting core/shell copper@carbon dots (Cu@C-dots) anchored to cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots tethered to n-type titanium oxide (TiO2). The PCE yielded for the n-type quantum dot-sensitized solar cell (n-QDSC) or photoanode-based half-cell (TiO2/CdS/Cu@C-dots-nS2-/Sn2-C-fabric) is 6.82% with a significant contribution from the light-harvesting capability of the plasmonic Cu core encased within the C-dot shell. In spite of the long-wavelength light-harvesting NiPcTs enabling easier reduction of the polysulfide electrolyte because of the additional photoexcited charge transfer, the p-type solar cell (p-SC) or photocathode-based half-cell (NiO/NiPcTs-nS2-/Sn2-C-fabric) delivers a relatively lower PCE of 0.039%, but on coassembling the p- and n-half solar cells in a tandem design (TiO2/CdS/Cu@C-dots-nS2-/Sn2-NiPcTs/NiO/C-fabric) the cell efficiency gets an immense boost under 1 sun illumination in consequence of the maximized range of light absorption afforded by CdS-Cu@C-dots on one side and NiPcTs on the other. This work rationalizes the synergism between the photoanode and photocathode elaborately to obtain a hitherto unmatched solar energy conversion in tandem solar cells.

Heterojunction Solar cell(NiPcTs/CdS)organic/inorganic

In the present study, thin films of organic semiconductors Nickel PhthalocyanineTetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt (NiPcTs) and inorganic semiconductor (CdS) prepared from the mixing of liquids for thesetwomaterials with different size ratios by the spin coating method on pre-patterned (Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide) FTO coated glass substrates and then the manufacture of solar cells. The properties of solar cells the study through the optical properties (absorption spectra, absorption coefficient, power gap) and electrical characteristics (continuous onductivity, Hall Effect and cell efficiency measurements) and Was obtainedThe efficiency of a multiple solar cell ranging from (0.16-13.2 %)