Nickel Ferrite Particles Research Articles

Synthesis of surfactant-assisted nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NFNPs@surfactant) to amplify their application as an advanced electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

Nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NFNPs) were synthesized in an alkaline medium (pH ∼ 11) using a wet chemical co-precipitation technique. To probe the effect of surfactants on the surface morphology, particle size and size distribution of nanoparticles; two surfactants, namely, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), were applied. The native and surfactant-assisted nickel ferrite NPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of surfactants (CTAB/SDS) effectively controlled the secondary growth of nickel ferrite particles and reduced their size, as examined by XRD, AFM, DLS, SEM and TEM. Characterization technique results affirmed that CTAB is a more optimistic surfactant to control the clustering, dispersion and particle size (∼22 nm) of NFNPs. To identify the impact of ferrite particle size on charge storage devices, their electrochemical properties were studied by using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 1 M KOH electrolyte through three-electrode assembly. NiFe2O4@CTAB showed a specific capacity of 267.1 C g-1, specific capacitance of 593.6 F g-1 and energy density of 16.69 W h kg-1, which was far better than the performances of other synthesized native NFNPs and NiFe2O4@SDS having larger surface areas.

A Hydrothermal Phase Diagram for the Low-Temperature Synthesis of Nonstoichiometric Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles

Corrosion products in pressurized water reactors are challenging to study in situ, yet understanding their properties is key to improving reactor performance and radiation reduction. In this study, a hydrothermal synthesis technique was used to produce nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) particles from goethite (α-FeOOH) and nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2 6H2O] in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). X-ray diffraction was used for phase identification, with scanning electron microscopy used for particle shape and size analysis. By varying the [Ni]:[Fe] ratio of the precursors and synthesis temperature between 100°C to 250°C, a phase diagram was developed to determine the stability field in both composition and temperature for obtaining a single-phase, nonstoichiometric nickel ferrite product. The compositional boundaries of the single-phase region of the diagram are a function of temperature, consistent with the increased solubility and reaction rates at temperatures above 125°C. The single-phase nickel ferrite encompasses [Ni]:[Fe] ratios in a very narrow range at 150°C, only 0.35 to 0.375, but widens as a function of temperature and reaches its greatest breadth at 250°C. At this temperature, a single-phase product is obtained for a range of starting compositions from 0.30 to 0.425. Outside of this window, additional nanoparticles are obtained whose identity and composition vary with both temperature and starting mixture. On the lower nickel content side of the single-phase region, the mixture contains either unreacted goethite (for temperatures below 200°C) or hematite (α-Fe2O3) at 200°C or higher. On the Ni-rich side of the single-phase region, theophrastite [β-Ni (OH)2] was obtained along with the nickel ferrite, at all temperatures studied. The single-phase window was widest at 250°C, resulting in nickel ferrites with a Ni mole fraction between 0.23 and 0.31.

An Effective Method of Magnetic Hyperthermia Based on the Ferromagnetic Resonance Phenomenon

Nickel and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized using the chemical precipitation method; the nanoparticle sizes were found to be 63 ± 22 and 26 ± 4 nm, respectively. The static hysteresis loops and Mössbauer spectra have been measured. It is shown that cobalt ferrite powders are magnetically harder than nickel ferrite powders. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) curves have been studied. It is found that the FMR absorption for cobalt ferrite is observed at room temperature and above. The time dependences of the nanoparticle warm-up under FMR conditions have been measured. The maximum temperature changes for nickel ferrite and cobalt ferrite particles are 8 and 11 K, respectively. Using the example of cobalt ferrite powder, the possibility of effectively heating of particles in the FMR mode in their own field without using a DC magnetic field source is shown. The observed effect can be used in magnetic hyperthermia.

Magnetite (Fe3O4) and nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) zeta potential measurements at high temperature: Part II – Results, study of the influence of temperature, boron concentration and lithium concentration on the zeta potential

Predicting the deposition of typical corrosion products (CPs) particles formed in the primary system of pressurized water reactors (PWRs) is important for system integrity and the radioprotection of nuclear workers. Such corrosion products foul heat transfer surfaces, promote localized corrosion and, when made radioactive in the reactor core, transport throughout the coolant system and give rise to radiation fields around components. Accurately predicting CPs’ propensity to transport and deposit around the system entails knowing their zeta potentials, quantities that until now have been unavailable. The zeta potentials of magnetite and nickel ferrite particles between 20 °C and 240 °C have been measured in the chemical conditions representative of an operating cycle of the primary system of PWRs. The measurements were performed via the streaming potential method as described in a previous paper – Part I. The measured values increased with temperature but decreased with increasing concentrations of boron and lithium. They are suitable for predicting radiation field growth around components of a typical PWR system.

A Novel Label‐free Chronoamperometric Immunosensor Based on a Biocomposite Material for Rapid Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen

AbstractIn this research, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)‐capped gold nanoparticles, nickel ferrite particles, and carbon nanotubes were combined to form a PANC metal composite. The prepared metal composite modified onto a glassy carbon electrode was electropolymerized with poly(o‐phenylenediamine) and immobilized with horseradish peroxidase, anti‐carcinoembryonic antigen antibody, and bovine serum albumin to create the label‐free immunosensors for rapid detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using chronoamperometry. This developed biocomposite material modified onto a glassy carbon electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic response to the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide as a sensing probe, from which the kinetic parameters including of a charge transfer rate constant, a diffusion coefficient value, an electroactive surface area, and a surface concentration were calculated to be 1.85 s−1, 4.28×10−6 cm2 s−1, 0.14 cm2 and 1.87×10−8 mol cm−2, respectively. The developed immunosensors also exhibited a wide linear range of CEA concentration from 0.01 to 25 ng mL−1 with high sensitivity (96.21 μA cm−2 ng−1 mL) and low detection limit (0.72 pg mL−1), excellent selectivity without interfering effects from possible species (amoxicillin, ascorbic acid, aspirin, caffeine, cholesterol, dopamine, glucose, and uric acid), outstanding stability (n=100, %I>50 %), repeatability (%RSD=0.34, n=10), reproducibility (%RSD=4.06, n=10), and rapid analysis (25 s each operation time). This proposed method was successfully applied for CEA detection in whole blood samples with satisfactory results, suggesting that this developed sensing platform may be considered to be exploited for fabrication of other label‐free electrochemical immunosensors for the real sample analysis.

Structural and optical properties of polyaniline/nickel ferrite nanocomposites

Polyaniline/ferrite nanocomposites have attracted increasing attention because they offer the possibility of a new generation of nanostructure materials with advanced applications like electromagnetic interference shielding, rechargeable batteries, corrosion devices due to their flexibility, inexpensive and easy of synthesis. Polyaniline (PANI) containing MFe2O4 were prepared by in-situ polymerization of aniline in aqueous solution (Where M-represent divalent metal cation, M2+ = Ni2+). PANI reduces the agglomeration of nanosized nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) particles which is good for the stabilization of nanoparticles. The investigation of structural, morphological and optical properties was carried out for the synthesized PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). XRD revealed that the structure of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles is spinel with space group Fd3m and crystallite size 14 nm. Lattice parameter was found to increases with NiFe2O4 concentration in PANI and this may be due to the larger ionic radius of the Ni2+ ion. XRD pattern of PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites at different ferrite molar percent are just the superposition of those of polyaniline and ferrite nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy of PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites show increase in particle size over pure a NiFe2O4 nanoparticles which is relevant with XRD results. UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy of PANI/NiFe2O4 nanocomposites shows two absorption bands in range of 300-350 nm and 600-650 nm which reflects interaction of ferrite nanoparticles with PANI. Copyright © 2017 VBRI Press.

Silver nanoparticles-decorated NiFe2O4/polyaniline ternary nanocomposite for electromagnetic interference shielding

In this study, silver nanoparticle-embedded NiFe2O4/polyaniline ternary nanocomposites were prepared via chemical in situ polymerization. The synthesized nanocomposites were fully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), four-probe resistivity (FPR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and vector network analyzer (VNA). XRD, FTIR, and HR-TEM analyses showed comprehensive structural and morphological evidences for as-prepared ternary compositions with varying particle size (~ 45 to 60 nm). The electrical conductivity of nanocomposites was significantly affected by the mixing of silver nanoparticles in FPR results. VSM study revealed that the prepared nanocomposites exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature due to existence of ferrite nanoparticles. TGA indicated the enhanced thermal stability of the resulting products with increasing ratio of ferrite and silver contents. VNA study demonstrated the remarkable shielding performance (SE ~ 35.17 dB) of obtained samples with a sample thickness of 2.0 mm in the frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz, which is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of polyaniline, nickel ferrite, and silver particles. These results indicated that these composite materials with ideal electromagnetic properties are best suited for EMI shielding applications.

Ammonia gas sensing performance of nickel ferrite nanoparticles

Single phase nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by the auto-combustion method using metal nitrate as precursor. Phase and purity of the nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NF NPs) were confirmed by using x-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallite size of nickel ferrite nanoparticles was calculated 17 nm. Using Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Higher Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), morphology of the as-synthesized nickel ferrite nanoparticles particles were observed to be spherical shaped. The band gap of the nickel ferrite nanoparticles was calculated to be 1.55 eV by using UV– Vis spectroscopy. In Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra, the presence of band at 412 cm−1 and 612 cm−1 were confirmed the formation of metal-oxygen (M-O) bond. Further, nickel ferrite nanoparticles have been explored for ammonia gas sensing application. The response was observed to be 10% for 100 ppm of ammonia gas at temperature 250 °C. The response time and recovery time of nickel ferrite nanoparticles based sensor were calculated to be 100 s and 119 s respectively for 400 ppm of ammonia gas. The developed gas sensor was exhibit with excellent repeatability and stability behaviour.

Effect of matrix type on the mechanical and magnetic properties of ferrite based natural and nitrile rubber nanocomposites

Copper doped nickel ferrite particles were prepared using co-precipitation method. The prepared particles were analysed using FTIR, XRD and SEM to confirm the formation of spinel ferrite structures, particle size and distribution. These ferrite nanoparticles are then embedded in natural and nitrile rubber at different loadings to compare the effect of matrix type on the mechanical and magnetic properties of composite samples. Nitrile rubber (NBR) composites show excellent magnetic properties than natural rubber (NR) composites. Saturation magnetisation, magnetic coercivity and magnetic retentivity values of NBR composites are superior to NR composites. In contrast mechanical properties are found to be inferior for NBR composites.

Nanocrystalline-modified nickel ferrite films: an effective sensor for industrial and environmental gas pollutant detection

The inverse spinel nanocrystalline pure and doped nickel ferrite particles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The thick films of both pure and doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles were prepared by coating the material on glass substrate via screen printing method. The XRD was used to confirm cubic, crystalline nickel ferrites. The scanning electron microscopy confirms nanosized, cubic nanoparticles of nickel ferrite, and their morphology was investigated. The energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to comprise elemental composition for pure and doped ferrites. Transmission electron microscopy was attributed for investigation of surface morphology, crystal structure identification of nickel ferrites. The FT-IR was used to find the vibrational frequencies, symmetric, asymmetric stretching and bending modes of metal oxide linkage. The thick films of nickel ferrite were employed for sensing phenomenon of gases such as LPG, NO2, CH3-OH, C2H5-OH, NH3 and petrol vapours. The pure nickel ferrite showed excellent results for ammonia and nitrogen dioxide gases up to 90.42 and 86.42, respectively. Manganese- and cobalt-doped ferrites were excellent for ammonia and petrol vapours. Modified nickel ferrite effect of dopants cobalt and manganese was investigated. Pure and doped ferrites showed excellent response and recovery for ammonia, NO2, petrol vapours and LPG gases.Graphical abstractThe graphical abstract presenting the synthesis process of pure and modified nickel ferrite prepared by co-precipitation method. The prepared material ferrite thick films were exclusively utilized for the detection of some pollutant gases.

Albumen Assisted Green Synthesis of NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles and Their Physico-Chemical Properties

Spinel ferrites with general formula AB2O4 possess fascinating magnetic and electrical properties due to their thermal and chemical firmness. Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) is one of the most vital spinel ferrite having inverse spinel structure showing ferrimagnetism that originates from magnetic moment of anti-parallel spins linking the metal ions (Ni2+ and Fe3+). Here a simple technique of self-combustion with aid of albumen is made to synthesize nano crystalline Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) particles. The egg white (albumen) used in the synthesis process plays the role of fuel in the combustion process. The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that the synthesized nanoparticles are of single phase and show evidence of spinel structure. The Photoluminescence studies showed a doublet peat at 360-380nm. Also the functional groups present in the synthesized nanoparticles was found using FTIR. EDX results give account of the percentage composition of the elements Fe, Ni and O present in the synthesized sample. The Field Emission Scanning Microscope (FESEM) reveals the agglomerated nature of ferrite nanoparticles. Magnetic moment and retentivity of the as synthesized nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were obtained using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Dielectric properties of the as prepared samples were measured by two-probe method for various frequencies ranging from 100Hz-1MHz

Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide-coated Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia and T2 Contrast Agents in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Spherical nickel ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using the thermal decomposition method and coated with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) after the synthesis. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the average diameter of the particles was 9.40 nm. The status of the CTAB-coating on the surface of the particles was checked using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Their hysteresis curve showed that the particles exhibited a superparamagnetic behavior. The T1 and the T2 relaxations of the nuclear spins were observed in aqueous solutions of the particles with different particles concentrations by using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, which showed that the T1 and the T2 relaxivities of the particles in water were 0.57 mM −1·s −1 and 10.42 mM −1·s −1, respectively. In addition, using an induction heating system, we evaluated their potentials for magnetic hyperthermia applications. The aqueous solution of the particles with a moderate concentration (smaller than 6.5 mg/mL) showed a saturation temperature larger than the hyperthermia target temperature of 42 °C. These findings show that the CTAB-coated nickel ferrite particles are suitable for applications as T2 contrast agents in MRI and heat generators in magnetic hyperthermia.

The milling effect on nickel ferrite particles studied using magnetization measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy

Samples of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles N1 (nonactivated), N2 (milled for 15 min) and N3 (milled for 30 min) were studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersion spectroscopy, isothermal magnetization measurement and Mossbauer spectroscopy with respect to analyze the effect of particle milling on their magnetic properties. It was shown that an increase of the milling time lead to: (i) a decrease of particles’ size, (ii) a decrease of the saturation magnetic moment and (iii) an appearance of paramagnetic doublet in the Mossbauer spectra of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles.

Effect of pH on Structural, Magnetic and FMR Properties of Hydrothermally Prepared Nano Ni Ferrite

AbstractNano nickel ferrite particles were prepared at pH values 1.5, 4, 7, 10, 13 by a hydrothermal method using metal chlorides and NaOH as an oxidant and solution basicity controller. There is a phase transition from hematite to spinel ferrite that begins when the pH reaches 4. The lowest crystallite size (4 nm) was associated with a highest lattice constant (8.345 Å), at pH=4. Whereas maximum crystallite size 64.5 nm corresponds lattice constant of 8.298 Å at pH=10. The highest magnetization (48 emu/g) value was achieved for the sample prepared at pH=7, which at the same time has a lower coercivity. The samples synthesized at pH ≥4 show superparamagnetic behavior owing to its low particle size and to zero field cooling and field cooling measurements. The ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) cavity tests analysis show that the broadened linewidth (770 Oe) and high imaginary permeability or high microwave absorption which is linked to high magnetization and low coercivity of superparamagnetic particles and their aggregation. There was a shift in the resonance field due to internal fields and cation distribution.

Influence of n-type nickel ferrite in enhancing the AC conductivity of optimized polyaniline-nickel ferrite nanocomposite

In the present work, n-type nickel ferrite (NF) particles prepared by sol gel autocombustion method were used to synthesize optimized polyaniline-nickel ferrite (PANI-NF) nanocomposite by in situ polymerization method. Then, NF, PANI and the composite were structurally characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Improved π-electron delocalization in PANI-NF composite as compared to that in PANI was confirmed from FTIR analysis. Interfacial interaction between PANI and NF was confirmed from XRD studies. Highly agglomerated, more densely packed particles of the composite facilitating easier charge transport were confirmed from SEM image. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image was analysed to calculate accurate average particle size of the composite by fitting the data to log-normal distribution function. Crystalline nature of the composite was confirmed from selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis. Remarkable increase in AC conductivity of the PANI-NF composite as compared to that of PANI due mainly to the formation of interfacial heterojunction barrier between p-type PANI and n-type NF was confirmed experimentally and well supported theoretically by calculating binding energy, hopping distance and density of states at Fermi level as per correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model.

Discussion on the Interparticle Interactions in NiFe2O4 and ZnFe2O4 Nanosized Systems Based on the Matrix Effects in the Magnetic Behavior

ZnFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 particles ranging from 5 to 8 nm have been prepared inside the channels of SBA-15 mesoporous material and nanowires were recovered after dissolving the silica matrix. For both ferrite compositions a hardening of the magnetic behavior has been obtained when using the mesoporous matrix. Thanks to the comparison of the magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles when contained and not in the matrix, it was possible to elucidate not only the matrix effect but also the kind of interparticle interactions depending on the ferrite composition. Thus, nickel ferrite particles are characterized by intense dipolar interactions that are responsible for the so high superparamagnetic response and that can be avoided by matrix effects only at high temperatures. On the contrary, the inherent low-intense dipolar interactions of the zinc ferrite system lead it to present lower superparamagnetic moments, and in the case of encapsulated particles, the superparamagnetic behavior would correspond to almost not-in...

Reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for NiFe2O4 synthesis and its application in the Fenton-based process

The potentially hazardous iron-containing sludge from the Fenton process requires proper treatment and disposal, which often results in high treatment cost. In this study, a novel method for the reuse of Fenton sludge as an iron source for the synthesis of nickel ferrite particles (NiFe2O4) is proposed. Through a co-precipitation method followed by sintering at 800°C, magnetic NiFe2O4 particles were successfully synthesized, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized NiFe2O4 could be used as an efficient catalyst in the heterogeneous Fenton process. In phenol degradation with H2O2 or NiFe2O4 alone, the phenol removal efficiencies within the reaction time of 330min were as low as 5.9%±0.1% and 13.5%±0.4%, respectively. However, in the presence of both NiFe2O4 and H2O2, phenol removal efficiency as high as 95%±3.4% could be achieved, indicating the excellent catalytic performance of NiFe2O4 in the heterogeneous Fenton process. Notably, a rapid electron exchange between NiII and FeIII ions in the NiFe2O4 structure could be beneficial for the Fenton reaction. In addition, the magnetic catalyst was relatively stable, highly active and recoverable, and has potential applications in the Fenton process for organic pollutant removal.

ChemInform Abstract: Typical Solid State and Wet Chemistry Methods to Prepare Nano‐sized Nickel Ferrite Particles

AbstractReview: 43 refs.

Design and operation of a radio-frequency heated micro-trickle bed reactor for consecutive catalytic reactions

A radiofrequency heated micro-trickle bed reactor with two adjacent thermal zones was designed. In the first thermal zone, citronellal is converted to isopulegol over a H-ZSM-5 catalyst at 80°C. This is followed by the second thermal zone where hydrogenation isopulegol to menthol occurs over a Pd/TiO2 catalyst at 70°C. The two catalytic zones are separated by heating zones made of nickel ferrite particles that produce heat under radiofrequency field at 180kHz. The position of the catalytic zones was determined based on a one dimensional heat transfer model, in which the actual flow pattern was approximated. Such configuration allows achieving desired temperatures in the catalyst beds whereas the inlet and outlet gas temperatures are close to ambient temperature which increases energy efficiency of the system. The overall product yield was increased by 9 times as compared with a single thermal zone configuration.

Preparation of magnetic TS-1 and its catalytic activity

Magnetic TS-1 was synthesized with nanosized nickelferrite particles as nuclei via the hydrothermal synthesis and solvent vaporation method. The prepared samples were characterized with N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR spectrometry, Raman spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and Vibrating sample magnetometry. The results show that the composite obtained was composed of TS-1 with MFI structure and NiFe2O4 with spinel structure, its specific surface area was about 316 m2/g, pore volume was 0.12 cm3/g and pore size distribution was in the range of 0.5–0.7 nm. The catalytic activity of the composite was also investigated by its catalyzing the decomposition of rhodamine B oxidized by H2O2 in aqueous solution. In this case Rhodamine B pollutant could be completely degraded within 150 min. Magnetic TS-1 exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency and super paramagnetic nature for cleaning polluted water with the help of magnetic separation.