Next Decade Of Research Research Articles

Why Should Developmental Scientists Engage in Research on Adolescent Suicide? The Case for Developmentally Informed Suicidology

Adolescent suicide is a critical and prevalent issue yet is rarely studied by developmental psychologists. We assert that developmentalists’ lack of engagement has stymied progress on adolescent suicide research and practice, and we demonstrate how developmental perspectives can contribute to the next decade of research and practice in suicidology. Specifically, we (a) review theories in suicidology (that are largely a-developmental); (b) discuss how developmental phenomena may explain findings regarding the epidemiology of adolescent suicide; (c) review the evidence on the etiology of adolescent suicide, where efforts to identify risk factors have not led to strong predictions, highlighting underutilized approaches from the developmental risk and resilience literature; and (d) review strategies and developmental gaps across the suicide prevention continuum from primary prevention to postvention, recommending an adolescent developmental perspective on the development and study of school- and community-based suicide prevention and postvention. In doing so, we propose a new subfield of Developmentally Informed Suicidology.

Prenatal depression outcomes in the next generation: A critical review of recent DOHaD studies and recommendations for future research

Prenatal depression, a common pregnancy-related risk with a prevalence of 10–20 %, may affect in utero development and socioemotional and neurodevelopmental outcomes in the next generation. Although there is a growing body of work that suggests prenatal depression has an independent and long-lasting effect on offspring outcomes, important questions remain, and findings often do not converge. The present review examines work carried out in the last decade, with an emphasis on studies focusing on mechanisms and leveraging innovative technologies and study designs to fill in gaps in research. Overall, the past decade of research continues to suggest that prenatal depression increases risk for offspring socioemotional problems and may alter early brain development by affecting maternal-fetal physiology during pregnancy. However, important limitations remain; lack of diversity in study samples, inconsistent consideration of potential confounders (e.g., genetics, postnatal depression, parenting), and restriction of examination to narrow time windows and single exposures. On the other hand, exciting work has begun uncovering potential mechanisms underlying transmission, including alterations in mitochondria functioning, epigenetics, and the prenatal microbiome. We review the evidence to date, identify limitations, and suggest strategies for the next decade of research to detect mechanisms as well as sources of plasticity and resilience to ensure this work translates into meaningful, actionable science that improves the lives of families.

Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programs (ICAPs): Launching the next decade of research and clinical implementation

ABSTRACT Background The Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Program (ICAP) is a rehabilitation service delivery model initially articulated in a seminal article featured in the 2013 Special Issue of Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. Over the past decade, the ICAP model has experienced a notable surge in prominence, leading to a burgeoning research base and worldwide implementation in clinical practice. Aim This special issue serves as a comprehensive exploration of how the theoretical underpinnings of the ICAP components manifest in contemporary practice by presenting recent outcomes from active clinical ICAPs. The primary objective of this introduction is to establish a contextual framework for the articles comprising this special issue. Main Contribution The introduction delineates the fundamental components of the ICAP model, offering succinct summaries of the relevant literature that catalyzed the conceptualization of these components by Rose and colleagues. Conclusions This introduction along with the collective works within this issue, positions the ICAP model within the broader aphasia rehabilitation continuum of care. Furthermore, it serves as a pivotal starting point for shaping the ICAP research agenda for the next decade. Specific expansions to the evidence are imperative, including single-site and multi-site randomized controlled trials featuring consistent outcome measures that include discourse measures and follow-up data points, investigations into cost-effectiveness and sustainability, and systematic examinations of the active ingredients of therapeutic elements within the model.

More than a decade of research on Schmallenberg virus-Knowns and unknowns.

Schmallenberg virus, an arbovirus of the Orthobunyavirus genus that primarily infects ruminants, emerged in 2011 near the Dutch-German border region and subsequently caused a large number of abortions and the births of severely malformed newborns in the European livestock population. Immediate intensive research led to the development of reliable diagnostic tests, the identification of competent Culicoides vector species, and the elucidation of the pathogenesis in infected vertebrate hosts. In addition, the structure of the major antigenic domain has been elucidated in great detail, leading to the development of effective marker vaccine candidates. The knowledge gained over the last decade on the biology and pathogenesis of SBV and the experience acquired in its control will be of great value in the future for the control of any similar emerging pathogen of veterinary or public health importance such as Shuni or Oropouche virus. However, some important knowledge gaps remain, for example, the factors contributing to the highly variable transmission rate from dam to fetus or the viral factors responsible for the vector competence of Culicoides midges are largely unknown. Thus, questions still remain for the next decade of research on SBV and related viruses.

Digital plant pathology: a foundation and guide to modern agriculture.

Over the last 20 years, researchers in the field of digital plant pathology have chased the goal to implement sensors, machine learning and new technologies into knowledge-based methods for plant phenotyping and plant protection. However, the application of swiftly developing technologies has posed many challenges. Greenhouse and field applications are complex and differ in their study design requirements. Selecting a sensor type (e.g., thermography or hyperspectral imaging), sensor platform (e.g., rovers, unmanned aerial vehicles, or satellites), and the problem-specific spatial and temporal scale adds to the challenge as all pathosystems are unique and differ in their interactions and symptoms, or lack thereof. Adding host–pathogen–environment interactions across time and space increases the complexity even further. Large data sets are necessary to enable a deeper understanding of these interactions. Therefore, modern machine learning methods are developed to realize the fast data analysis of such complex data sets. This reduces not only human effort but also enables an objective data perusal. Especially deep learning approaches show a high potential to identify probable cohesive parameters during plant-pathogen-environment interactions. Unfortunately, the performance and reliability of developed methods are often doubted by the potential user. Gaining their trust is thus needed for real field applications. Linking biological causes to machine learning features and a clear communication, even for non-experts of such results, is a crucial task that will bridge the gap between theory and praxis of a newly developed application. Therefore, we suggest a global connection of experts and data as the basis for defining a common and goal-oriented research roadmap. Such high interconnectivity will likely increase the chances of swift, successful progress in research and practice. A coordination within international excellence clusters will be useful to reduce redundancy of research while supporting the creation and progress of complementary research. With this review, we would like to discuss past research, achievements, as well as recurring and new challenges. Having such a retrospect available, we will attempt to reveal future challenges and provide a possible direction elevating the next decade of research in digital plant pathology.

Towards a Stepped Care Model for Managing Fear of Cancer Recurrence or Progression in Cancer Survivors.

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence or progression (FCR) is common amongst cancer survivors and an important minority develop clinically significant levels of FCR. However, it is unclear how current clinical services might best support the growing numbers of cancer survivors.PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop recommendations for future research in the management of FCR and propose a model of care to help manage FCR in the growing population of cancer survivors.MethodsThis is a narrative review and synthesis of empirical research relevant to managing FCR. We reviewed meta-analyses, systematic reviews and individual studies that had investigated interventions for FCR.ResultsA recent, well-conducted meta-analysis confirmed a range of moderately effective treatments for FCR. However, many survivors continued to experience clinical levels of FCR after treatment, indicating a clear need to improve the gold standard treatments. Accessibility of interventions is arguably a greater concern. The majority of FCR treatments require face-to-face therapy, with highly skilled psycho-oncologists to produce moderate changes in FCR. With increasing numbers of cancer survivors, we need to consider how to meet the unmet need of cancer survivors in relation to FCR. Although there have been attempts to develop minimal interventions, these are not yet sufficiently well supported to warrant implementation. Attempts to help clinicians to provide information which might prevent the development of clinically significant FCR have shown some early promise, but research is needed to confirm efficacy.ConclusionThe next decade of research needs to focus on developing preventative approaches for FCR, and minimal interventions for those with mild-to-moderate symptoms. When evidence-based approaches to prevent FCR or manage moderate levels of FCR are available, stepped care approaches that could meet the needs of survivors could be implemented. However, we also need to improve existing interventions for severe FCR.

One view of the next decade of research on behavioral and biobehavioral approaches to cancer prevention and control: intervention optimization.

As a new decade begins, we propose that the time is right to reexamine current methods and procedures and look for opportunities to accelerate progress in cancer prevention and control. In this article we offer our view of the next decade of research on behavioral and biobehavioral interventions for cancer prevention and control. We begin by discussing and questioning several implicit conventions. We then briefly introduce an alternative research framework: the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST). MOST, a principled framework for intervention development, optimization, and evaluation, stresses not only intervention effectiveness, but also intervention affordability, scalability, and efficiency. We review some current limitations of MOST along with future directions for methodological work in this area, and suggest some changes in the scientific environment we believe would permit wider adoption of intervention optimization. We propose that wider adoption of intervention optimization would have a positive impact on development and successful implementation of interventions for cancer prevention and control and on intervention science more broadly, including accumulation of a coherent base of knowledge about what works and what does not; establishment of an empirical basis for adaptation of interventions to different settings with different levels and types of resources; and, in the long run, acceleration of progress from Stage 0 to Stage V in the National Institutes of Health Model of Stages of Intervention Development.

Bullying Prevention in Adolescence: Solutions and New Challenges from the Past Decade.

Bullying among youth at school continues to be a global challenge. Being exposed to bullying may be especially hurtful in adolescence, a vulnerable period during which both peer group belonging and status become key concerns. In the current review, we first summarize the effectiveness of the solutions that were offered a decade ago in the form of anti‐bullying programs. We proceed by highlighting some intriguing challenges concomitant to, or emerging from these solutions, focusing especially on their relevance during adolescence. These challenges are related to (1) the relatively weak, and highly variable effects of anti‐bullying programs, (2) the complex associations among bullying, victimization, and social status, (3) the questions raised regarding the beneficial (or possibly iatrogenic) effects of peer defending, and (4) the healthy context paradox, that is, the phenomenon of remaining or emerging victims being worse off in contexts where the average levels of victimization decrease. We end by providing some suggestions for the next decade of research in the area of bullying prevention among adolescents.

Omics in immunology

The term “Omics” broadly refers to a set of genomics technologies that are utilized in cellular and molecular biology to investigate molecular (DNA, RNA), protein and epigenetics signatures. Omics are utilized to study both host and pathogens, and across many disciplines such as immunology, oncology and cell biology. With the high-throughput technologies and the development of new bioinformatics tools, these approaches have significantly contributed to our understanding of how molecular mechanisms determine the structure, function and dynamics of organisms. With the large and growing volume of data generated with these approaches, bioinformatics has become an integral part of research in biology and notably immunology and microbiology. Large omics data sets are now also important components in clinical and translational research. For instance, databases of gene expression, somatic mutations and protein networks can be used to predict disease outcome or to develop new molecular diagnostic tools. In this Special Feature, the four reviews describe some of the most prominent applications of omics and bioinformatics in immunology research and clinical translational applications. These articles exemplify the vast research work that has occurred in the last two decades on the application of omics in medical and basic science research, with the objective to provide the reader with an introductory view of the current state of the art. T-cell receptors are formed from a complex set of genes undergoing homologous recombination, and it has been the result of very long evolutionary processes. T-cell receptor drives one of the most sophisticated weapons that the immune system has against pathogens. Understanding the biology of T-cell receptors is an ongoing subject of investigation since their discovery and sequence in the early 1980s.1 The review from Watkins and Miles 2 brings the reader up to speed with sequencing technologies and bioinformatics that have enabled diagnostic applications and predictive analyses in basic and clinical immunology. Autoimmunity: High-throughput sequencing of genomics has significantly impacted research in autoimmune disorders, with the possibility to screen large sample size and identify genetic variants across the full genome. The review from Field 3 reports the bioinformatics challenges that arose with the high-throughput detection of pathogenic variants and discusses the future applications toward personalized medicine. Single-cell multi-omics: In the last decade, single-cell genomics have permitted unprecedented detection of biological complexity and heterogeneity, notably in immunology.4 Advances in microfluidics and other technologies have allowed investigation of individual cells, thus removing the unwanted noise arising from the analysis of heterogenous cell populations. More recently, new technologies and bioinformatics analyses have enabled the simultaneous investigation of multiple modalities within the same cells utilizing more than one omic technology. The review from Louie and Luciani 5 discusses the recent advances in multi-omics to study immune cells, and also how the near future may be shaped by these technologies. Omics technology in the clinic: In the clinical setting, the application of omics technology has shown considerable promise. From patient stratification and therapeutic selection to the realization of personalized medicine, these technologies are beginning to fundamentally alter the way we approach molecular studies in translational research. The review from Giles et al.6 review current applications of omics technologies in immunology and oncology, along with ethical and practical challenges currently constraining adoption. Omics technologies and bioinformatics are increasingly becoming essential components in biology and specifically immunology. The development of high-throughput technologies has permitted the generation of numerous data sets across human and pathogens, introducing the need for large, centralized repositories, such as the Human Cell Atlas for single-cell genomics.7 Bioinformatics analysis and integration of very large omics data are providing the foundation to address unanswered questions including heterogeneity of biological processes and cell types, and how these can be translated into new treatment and interventions. These reviews represent key examples of the questions that are currently being addressed and a view of the future directions that omics and bioinformatics will shape the next decade of research. Samuel Foster: Conceptualization. Fabio Luciani: Conceptualization; Writing-original draft; Writing-review & editing. The authors declare no conflict of interest for this article.

Psychological resilience: an update on definitions, a critical appraisal, and research recommendations

ABSTRACT Background: The ability to resist adverse outcomes, or demonstrate resilience after exposure to trauma is a thriving field of study. Yet ongoing debate persists regarding definitions of resilience, generalizability of the extant literature, neurobiological correlates, and a consensus research agenda. Objectives: To address these pressing questions, Drs. Christy Denckla and Karestan Koenen (co-chairs) convened a multidisciplinary panel including Drs. Dante Cicchetti, Laura Kubzansky, Soraya Seedat, Martin Teicher, and David Williams at the 2019 annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ISTSS). Questions included (1) how have definitions of resilience evolved, (2) what are the best approaches to capture the complexity of resilience processes, and (3) what are the most important areas for future research? Methods: The proceedings of this panel are summarized in this report, and prominent themes are synthesized and integrated. Results: While different definitions emerged, all shared a focus on conceptualizing resilience at multiple levels, from the biological to the social structural level, a focus on the dynamic nature of resilience, and a move away from conceptualizing resilience as only an individual trait. Critical areas for future research included 1) focused efforts to improve assessment that has international and cross-cultural validity, 2) developing within-study designs that employ more intensive phenotyping strategies, 3) examining outcomes across multiple levels and domains, and 4) integrating conceptualizations of resilience from the individual-level to the larger social context at the population health level. Conclusion: Increasingly sophisticated and nuanced conceptual frameworks, coupled with research leveraging advances in genetics, molecular biology, increased computational capacity, and larger, more diverse datasets suggest that the next decade of research could bring significant breakthroughs.

Reflections on Three Decades of Research on Multidimensional Perfectionism: An Introduction to the Special Issue on Further Advances in the Assessment of Perfectionism

In this article, we introduce this second special issue on the assessment of perfectionism along with an overview of developments in the perfectionism field over the past 30 years following the shift to studying perfectionism as a multidimensional construct. We examine some key contributions over the past decade, including the proliferation of meta-analyses and apparent rise over time in the prevalence of self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism. We also outline what we consider to be seven definitive truths about the perfectionism construct and how these themes are reflected in the articles that follow. This special issue includes papers that describe abbreviated measures of existing perfectionism scales as well as new measures. Other papers in this special issue demonstrate the need to supplement a trait approach with a focus on cognitive perfectionism and to evaluate key mediators of the association between perfectionism and depression. Other research illustrates the usefulness of supplementing the predominant variable-focused approach with a person-centered approach. Collectively, the papers address several significant issues and outline key directions for future research in the next decade of research on multidimensional perfectionism.

Translational Health Disparities Research in a Data-Rich World.

Background: Despite decades of research and interventions, significant health disparities persist. Seventeen years is the estimated time to translate scientific discoveries into public health action. This Narrative Review argues that the translation process could be accelerated if representative data were gathered and used in more innovative and efficient ways.Methods: The National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities led a multiyear visioning process to identify research opportunities designed to frame the next decade of research and actions to improve minority health and reduce health disparities. “Big data” was identified as a research opportunity and experts collaborated on a systematic vision of how to use big data both to improve the granularity of information for place-based study and to efficiently translate health disparities research into improved population health. This Narrative Review is the result of that collaboration.Results: Big data could enhance the process of translating scientific findings into reduced health disparities by contributing information at fine spatial and temporal scales suited to interventions. In addition, big data could fill pressing needs for health care system, genomic, and social determinant data to understand mechanisms. Finally, big data could lead to appropriately personalized health care for demographic groups. Rich new resources, including social media, electronic health records, sensor information from digital devices, and crowd-sourced and citizen-collected data, have the potential to complement more traditional data from health surveys, administrative data, and investigator-initiated registries or cohorts. This Narrative Review argues for a renewed focus on translational research cycles to accomplish this continual assessment.Conclusion: The promise of big data extends from etiology research to the evaluation of large-scale interventions and offers the opportunity to accelerate translation of health disparities studies. This data-rich world for health disparities research, however, will require continual assessment for efficacy, ethical rigor, and potential algorithmic or system bias.

Role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia around the world. It primarily affects the elderly, but unfortunately neurodegenerative changes can commence at any age. Despite of the next decade of research regarding the pathogenesis of AD, its underlying causes remain unclear. Amyloid cascade theory was until recently an accepted explanation of the mechanism of AD development, according to which the Aβ42 peptide is responsible for the induction of neurodegenerative changes and inflammatory burden in the brain. As a result of recent scientific data, the amyloid cascade hypothesis became controversial. Currently, more attention is focused on the role of infectious agents and an impaired immune response during aging, that lead to the development of chronic infections and reactivation of viral latent infections. This review concerns on the recent data about the role of viruses in AD neuropathology. Numerous studies confirm an association between neurotropic viruses from the Herpesviridae family, especially human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2), and AD. The relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and dementia is also mentioned. Viruses that enter into the brain successfully multiply in nerve cells, disturbing cellular homeostasis. Next, they activate the inflammatory response and affect the expression of numerous genes and proteins metabolism, which in turn leads to the atrophy of characteristic areas of the brain and the development of AD. Searching for the new early markers of the disease, associated with infections and impaired immune response, is a priority in developing therapies that can be implemented many years before the clinical manifestation of the disease.

Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are heterogeneous malignancies arising from the diffuse neuroendocrine system. They frequently originate in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract and the bronchopulmonary tree, and their incidence has steadily increased in the last 3 decades. Fundamental biologic and genomic differences underlie the clinical heterogeneity of NETs, and distinct molecular features characterize NETs of different grades and different primary sites. Although surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment for localized tumors, systemic treatment options for patients with metastatic NETs have expanded considerably. Somatostatin analogs have demonstrated both antisecretory and antitumor efficacy. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with lutetium-177 dotatate (177 Lu-DOTATATE) has been approved for advanced GEP-NETs. The antitumor activity of everolimus has been demonstrated across a wide spectrum of NETs, and the antiangiogenic agent sunitinib has been approved for pancreatic NETs (pNETs). Chemotherapy with temozolomide and capecitabine has recently demonstrated an unprecedented prolongation of progression-free survival in a randomized trial of pNETs. Multiple retrospective series have reported the efficacy of liver-directed therapies both for palliating symptoms of hormone excess and for controlling tumor growth. Telotristat, an oral inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, has been shown to reduce diarrhea in patients with carcinoid syndrome. Defining the therapeutic algorithm and identifying biomarkers predictive of response to treatments are among the main priorities for the next decade of research in the NET field.

Comparative Study and Simulation of Mid-range Wireless Power Transfer at Various Transmission Distance

Wireless power transfer would be the niche of research in next decade which is significant to reduce the cable and charges consumption for electronic devices. This paper presents the simulation result of electric and magnetic wave behaviour in mid-range wireless power transfer and various transmission distance in the range of 8 – 16 cm. Simulation result using CST microwave studio shows that scattering parameter in the power transmission decreases from 0.6509 down to 0.5137 with the increase in distance. The transmitted electric field at the receiver decreases from 1615 V/m to 1086 V/m whereas the magnetic field decreases from 32.63 A/m down to 24.85 A/m. Results show that 4-coils magnetic resonance coupling is an ideal approach for mid-range wireless power transfer.

Ancient Genomics of Modern Humans: The First Decade.

The first decade of ancient genomics has revolutionized the study of human prehistory and evolution. We review new insights based on prehistoric modern human genomes, including greatly increased resolution of the timing and structure of the out-of-Africa expansion, the diversification of present-day non-African populations, and the earliest expansions of those populations into Eurasia and America. Prehistoric genomes now document population transformations on every inhabited continent-in particular the effect of agricultural expansions in Africa, Europe, and Oceania-and record a history of natural selection that shapes present-day phenotypic diversity. Despite these advances, much remains unknown, in particular about the genomic histories of Asia (the most populous continent) and Africa (the continent that contains the most genetic diversity). Ancient genomes from these and other regions, integrated with a growing understanding of the genomic basis of human phenotypic diversity, will be in focus during the next decade of research in the field.

Blazing new trails or opportunity lost? Evaluating research at the intersection of leadership and entrepreneurship

More than a decade ago, scholars formally conceptualized the potential synergy between leadership and entrepreneurship scholarship. Our work highlights research accomplishments occurring at the interface of these two intellectual areas as well as identifying untapped possibilities for continued research. We highlight how recent efforts have witnessed a mutual exchange of ideas that present opportunities benefiting both fields. Drawing from four key domains of entrepreneurship previously proposed to mutually inform future leadership research efforts, we make suggestions for integrating entrepreneurial opportunities, the roles of individual and entrepreneurial teams, the modes of organizing entrepreneurial ventures, and differing entrepreneurial environments with key trends important to leadership research, such as servant leadership and leader-member exchange theory. Overall, our work provides an assessment of the state of the art surrounding the coalescence of leadership and entrepreneurship research and sets an agenda for the next decade of research at this intersection.

What should we know about precarious employment and health in 2025? Framing the agenda for the next decade of research.

What should we know about precarious employment and health in 2025? Framing the agenda for the next decade of research.

What should we know about precarious employment and health in 2025? Framing the agenda for the next decade of research.

The generalization of flexible labour markets, the declining influence of unions and the degradation of social protection has led to the emergence of new forms of employment at the expense of the Standard Employment Relationship, as well as a considerable amount of research across social and scientific disciplines. Years ago we suggested the urgent need to disentangle the consequences of new types of employment for the health and well-being of workers, contending that the study of precarious employment and health is in its infancy. Today, research challenges include clearer, more precise definitions of the original concepts, a more detailed understanding of the pathways and mechanisms through which precarious employment harms worker health, stronger information systems for monitoring the problem and a complex systems approach to employment conditions and health research. All of these must be guided by the theoretical and policy debates linking precarious employment and health, and be geared towards developing better tools for the design, implementation and evaluation of policies intended to minimize precariousness in the labour market and its effects on public health and health inequalities. Our aim in this paper is to outline an agenda for the next decade of research on precarious employment and health, establishing a compelling programme that expands our understanding of complex causes and links.

Priorities for Antarctic Research: Glaciers, Genomes, and Cosmic Waves

The next decade of research should focus on the need to understand the changing Antarctic environment and how organisms adapt to it, a high-level report says.