Newtonian Quantum Gravity Research Articles

Energetics of a self-gravitating quantum system of charged particles

Extending our model of Newtonian Quantum Gravity (NQG) in a self-gravitating system (Lotte B. K. and Mishra S., Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 35 (2020) 2050081), we study here the energetics of a charged self-gravitating quantum many-particle system. The model is based on the use of the uncertainty principle and the incorporation of necessary relativistic corrections. From the resulting ground state energy we have derived the effective radius of the system of charged particles, after it gets collapsed under its own gravity. Additional results like the Hawking temperature and the Buchdahl-Andréasson (BA) limit for this system are also explored. We further show a possible link of this collapsed system of self-gravitating charge particles, with the notion of a charged black hole.

Contradiction in Einstein’s subjective explanation of the gravitational and kinematic time dilation

Einstein’s special and general relativity are relics from before quantum physics. If forces are transmitted by quanta, this must also apply to gravity. As light consist of quanta, it is only logical that gravitational quanta interact with light. In my article “Cognitive bias in physics with respect to Einstein’s relativity, demonstrated by the famous experiment of Pound and Rebka (1960), which in reality refutes Einstein’s general relativity” [R. G. Ziefle, Phys. Essays 35, 91 (2022)], I could demonstrate that Einstein’s “proper time” t 0 does not refer to reference frames but to gravitational potentials. That is why “Newtonian quantum gravity” [R. G. Ziefle, Phys. Essays 33, 99 (2020)] can predict the correct curvature of a light beam at the surface of the Sun. Also, the phenomena observed at the binary pulsar PSR B1913 + 16 can precisely be predicted by merely applying Kepler’s second law. If gravitational quanta move away from masses with the constant speed c of light, this coincides with Einstein’s postulate of a constant speed c of light with respect to reference frames, as a mass, such as a star or a planet, can also be defined as a reference frame. Therefore, Einstein’s found by chance an artificial and complicated method to calculate changes in space-time caused by motion, which are in reality additional gravitational effects caused by the relative velocity between gravitational quanta emitted by masses and other masses or photons.

Newtonian quantum gravity and the derivation of the gravitational constant G and its fluctuations

The theory of gravity “Newtonian quantum gravity” (NQG) is an ingeniously simple theory, because it precisely predicts so-called “general relativistic phenomena,” as, for example, that observed at the binary pulsar PSR B1913 + 16, by just applying Kepler’s second law on quantized gravitational fields. It is an irony of fate that the unsuspecting relativistic physicists still have to effort with the tensor calculations of an imaginary four-dimensional space-time. Everybody can understand that a mass that moves through space must meet more “gravitational quanta” emitted by a certain mass, if it moves faster than if it moves slower or rests against a certain mass, which must cause additional gravitational effects that must be added to the results of Newton's theory of gravity. However, today's physicists cannot recognize this because they are caught in Einstein's relativistic thinking and as general relativity can coincidentally also predict these quantum effects by a mathematically defined four-dimensional curvature of space-time. Advanced NQG is also able to derive the gravitational constant G and explains why G must fluctuate. The “string theory” tries to unify quantum physics with general relativity, but as the so-called “general relativistic” phenomena are quantum physical effects, it cannot be a realistic theory. The “energy wave theory” is lead to absurdity by the author.

Newtonian quantum gravity

Newtonian Quantum Gravity (NQG) unifies quantum physics with Newton's theory of gravity and calculates the so-called “general relativistic” phenomena more precisely and in a much simpler way than General Relativity, whose complicated theoretical construct is no longer needed. Newton's theory of gravity is less accurate than Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. Famous examples are the precise predictions of General Relativity at binary pulsars. This is the reason why relativistic physicists claim that there can be no doubt that Einstein's theory of relativity correctly describes our physical reality. With the example of the famous “Hulse-Taylor binary” (also known as PSR 1913 + 16 or PSR B1913 + 16), the author proves that the so-called “general relativistic phenomena” observed at this binary solar system can be calculated without having any knowledge on relativistic physics. According to philosophical and epistemological criteria, this should not be possible, if Einstein's theory of relativity indeed described our physical reality. Einstein obviously merely developed an alternative method to calculate these phenomena without quantum physics. The reason was that in those days quantum physics was not yet generally taken into account. It is not the first time that a lack of knowledge of the underlying physical phenomena has to be compensated by complicated mathematics. Einstein's theory of general relativity indirectly already includes additional quantum physical effects of gravitation. This is the reason why it cannot be possible to unite Einstein's theory of general relativity with quantum physics, unless one uses “mathematical tricks” that make the additional quantum physical effects disappear again in the end.

Estimates of the superluminal graviton velocity and rest mass from Newtonian quantum gravity

Estimates of the superluminal graviton velocity and rest mass from Newtonian quantum gravity

Newtonian quantum gravity.

A Newtonian approach to quantum gravity is studied. At least for weak gravitational fields it should be a valid approximation. Such an approach could be used to point out problems and prospects inherent in a more exact theory of quantum gravity, yet to be discovered. Newtonian quantum gravity, e.g., shows promise for prohibiting black holes altogether (which would eliminate singularities and also solve the black hole information paradox), breaks the equivalence principle of general relativity, and supports non-local interactions (quantum entanglement). Its predictions should also be testable at length scales well above the "Planck scale", by high-precision experiments feasible even with existing technology. As an illustration of the theory, it turns out that the solar system, superficially, perfectly well can be described as a quantum gravitational system, provided that the $l$ quantum number has its maximum value, $n-1$. This results exactly in Kepler's third law. If also the $m$ quantum number has its maximum value ($\pm l$) the probability density has a very narrow torus-like form, centered around the classical planetary orbits. However, as the probability density is independent of the azimuthal angle $\phi$ there is, from quantum gravity arguments, no reason for planets to be located in any unique place along the orbit (or even \textit{in} an orbit for $m \neq \pm l$). This is, in essence, a reflection of the "measurement problem" inherent in all quantum descriptions.

Newtonian quantum gravity: axisymmetric, spinning systems

Consider a rotating, gravitating system whose mass centre and intrinsic spin define a natural axis of symmetry. A pair of quantum–mechanical polar coordinates, a continuous radial coordinate and an angular coordinate with discrete eigenvalues, are tied to the system's geometry. The gravitational scalar potential generated by the system is a quantum operator that is a function of the two polar coordinates. Exact expressions for the potential's gradient and Laplacian are derived, which involve forward, backward and central differences. The system's binding energy, an integral over Euclidean 3-space, comprises a radial part and an integral over the unit 2-sphere. The latter is shown to amount to a summation over the angular eigenvalues. The result is applied to the Newtonian analogues of Kerr black holes, a class of gravitational potentials with classical, ring singularities. It is shown that any fermionic, Kerr – Newton particle has a finite binding energy. This is remarkable because the classical binding energy is divergent. Furthermore, the binding energy tends to a constant in the limit of large spin.

(2 + 1)-dimensional quantum gravity, spin networks and asymptotics

A method to evaluate spin networks for (2 + 1)-dimensional quantum gravity is given. We analyse the evaluation of spin networks for Lorentzian, Euclidean and a new limiting case of Newtonian quantum gravity. Particular attention is paid to the tetrahedron and to the study of its asymptotics. Moreover, we propose that all this technique can be extended to spin networks for quantum gravity in any dimension.

GRAVITATIONAL SELF-ENERGY AS THE LITMUS OF REALITY

It is argued that the correct physical treatment of self-energy in Newtonian quantum gravity offers a constrained and predictive discriminator for the interpretation of ψ, and thus a clear point of departure for the unification of modern physics.

In Favor of a Newtonian Quantum Gravity

AbstractWe list arguments for creating a unified theory of Newtonian Gravity and Quantum Mechanics. This nonrelativistic level has been historically bypassed, however even here one is confronted with conceptional problems anticipating some features of Relativistic Quantum Gravity. Bearing in mind Wigner's famous analysis on measurabilitity in the relativistic case here a genuine uncertainty of the Newton potential is verified, leading to the breakdown of the Schrödinger equation when leaving microscopic regions.